On 29-Mar-05 Ted Harding wrote: > The explanation is: > > sin(10.74*pi/180)**2 > +(cos(10.74*pi/180)*cos(10.74*pi/180) > *cos(0*pi/180)) > -1 > > [1] 2.220446e-16 > > I.e. the expression, as internally evaluated, is very > slightly greater than 1. When you multiply ss by > 0.999999999, you bring it back down a bit. > > Theoretically, of course, it is sin(t)^2 + cos(t)^2, > which should be exactly 1, but you can't count on it > in digital computation. As you suspected, it is indeed > a question of precision.
Just to make more explicit what's happening here: t<-0.01*(0:200)*pi sin(t)^2 + cos(t)^2 -1 ##[output omitted] unique(sin(t)^2 + cos(t)^2 -1) ##[1] 0.000000e+00 -1.110223e-16 2.220446e-16 2^(-53) ##[1] 1.110223e-16 so the error is either +2^(-52) or -2^(-53) Best wishes, Ted. -------------------------------------------------------------------- E-Mail: (Ted Harding) <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> Fax-to-email: +44 (0)870 094 0861 Date: 29-Mar-05 Time: 12:27:11 ------------------------------ XFMail ------------------------------ ______________________________________________ [email protected] mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide! http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
