Seth Falcon <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes:
> On 30 Jan 2006, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
> > Current behaviour is consistent in so far that identical(all(x),
> > !any(!x)) is TRUE and definition of any() is obvious.
>
> That helps, thanks. I'm not sure I've had enough coffee to continue,
> but, for the set analogy I think we are saying:
>
> logical(0) is the empty set {}.
> Complement of {} is the universal set U.
>
> Then !logical(0) == !{} == U. any(U) is TRUE, isn't it?
>
> I guess the real message is that you need to protect yourself by
> testing for positive length first.
This comes up repeatedly. Probably the most useful way of viewing
these empty sum/prod/any/all issues is that you want
sum(c(x,y)) == sum(x) + sum(y)
prod(c(x,y)) == prod(x) * prod(y)
any(c(x,y)) == any(x) | any(y)
all(c(x,y)) == all(x) & all(y)
even in the cases where x or y is empty, and of course the neutral
operations are
adding 0
multiplying by 1
or'ing with FALSE
and'ing with TRUE
--
O__ ---- Peter Dalgaard Øster Farimagsgade 5, Entr.B
c/ /'_ --- Dept. of Biostatistics PO Box 2099, 1014 Cph. K
(*) \(*) -- University of Copenhagen Denmark Ph: (+45) 35327918
~~~~~~~~~~ - ([EMAIL PROTECTED]) FAX: (+45) 35327907
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