Dear all, May be question seems trivial for most of the R users, but really at least for me, this comes out to be very problematic.
Suppose I have the following data: > r [1] -0.0008179960 -0.0277968529 -0.0105731583 -0.0254050262 0.0321847131 0.0328170674 [7] 0.0431894392 -0.0217614918 -0.0218366946 0.0048939739 -0.0012212499 0.0032533579 [13] -0.0081533269 -0.0098725606 -0.0099710008 -0.0130281313 0.0121927094 0.0029209284 [19] -0.0206279678 -0.0210624593 -0.0100415600 -0.0266801063 -0.0241744954 0.0178453603 [25] 0.0452204703 0.0133478839 0.0274220937 0.0091135676 0.0380304730 -0.0087719861 [31] -0.0412893310 -0.0092243841 -0.0016863410 -0.0080491856 -0.0293504020 0.0411898638 [37] -0.0037902762 -0.0076239251 0.0193690266 -0.0012518257 0.0259647803 0.0241169245 [43] 0.0446589449 0.0536073638 -0.0028839241 0.0168251687 0.0095390230 -0.0213227695 [49] -0.0519741069 -0.0287872498 -0.0035108287 0.0197336642 -0.0065347148 -0.0011576308 [55] -0.0085304899 0.0162228355 0.0087736592 0.0007593015 0.0113208756 0.0229980462 [61] 0.0370746078 0.0679558204 0.0401218485 -0.0022225759 0.0188922496 -0.0230330422 [67] -0.0261938985 -0.0503969590 -0.0069156569 -0.0031277176 -0.0235967983 -0.0100287373 [73] -0.0014409224 -0.0307491283 -0.0240794177 -0.0091813958 0.0076570053 0.0621042105 [79] 0.0156475454 0.0353589695 0.0078032627 0.0070719271 0.0026809668 -0.0111056164 [85] -0.0088375830 0.0128902735 0.0279180644 0.0268407382 -0.0038363218 -0.0194055249 [91] -0.0284881803 0.0016786977 -0.0145297369 0.0081356381 -0.0187430943 0.0123078477 [97] 0.0148400700 -0.0070552955 0.0103975446 0.0109508312 0.0147422817 0.0218728566 [103] -0.0041447533 -0.0096308931 0.0289322358 0.0216995495 0.0499431039 0.0717506367 [109] 0.0032529169 -0.0040678022 -0.0331522073 -0.0164263110 -0.0322093707 0.0542379373 [115] 0.0259181864 0.0387076215 0.0044415488 -0.0078513881 0.0411792612 0.0062837960 [121] -0.0243481467 0.0328312315 -0.0520127424 -0.0137024542 -0.0367509610 -0.0149753215 [127] 0.0256530410 0.0376798081 0.0106952891 0.0525638932 0.0281572000 0.0324963843 [133] -0.0170584812 -0.0063837550 0.0294482602 -0.0118152654 -0.0169216729 0.0061436866 [139] -0.0245630568 0.0093716894 -0.0122730454 0.0234516610 -0.0090283341 0.0059488575 [145] -0.0104937762 -0.0123026519 0.0263488297 -0.0087855249 0.0021441342 0.0204930031 [151] -0.0079588435 -0.0021173987 0.0135674596 0.0053296384 -0.0004623209 0.0199159610 [157] -0.0034056112 -0.0052445679 -0.0142760886 -0.0158956129 -0.0137605967 -0.0007169316 [163] 0.0236250062 0.0002334540 0.0007000350 -0.0023353584 -0.0210285362 -0.0178275018 [169] -0.0663226429 0.0098217383 -0.0111212836 -0.0597472435 0.0371266051 -0.0247790755 [175] 0.0337833736 0.0265364166 -0.0160458929 0.0085725944 0.0161645598 0.0700273748 [181] -0.0308458190 0.0362889752 -0.0195430433 0.0284716741 0.0097766142 -0.0037131628 [187] 0.0275183610 0.0276618128 0.0109410282 -0.0302685208 0.0191074465 -0.0086197904 [193] 0.0013309674 0.0169253408 -0.0010903937 0.0073913380 0.0330203607 0.0116667990 [199] -0.0099917567 0.0035501760 -0.0231980036 0.0023441673 -0.0150120769 -0.0165581125 [205] -0.0101568548 -0.0031118051 -0.0051333669 0.0312800833 -0.0050005540 -0.0109578129 [211] -0.0222825618 -0.0388242167 -0.0037549915 -0.0185102580 -0.0120483385 0.0336106003 [217] 0.0146599484 0.0146757965 0.0117675040 0.0196041030 -0.0030932415 -0.0024371343 [223] -0.0158751238 -0.0145292000 0.0050182587 0.0061245513 0.0139234228 -0.0116645558 [229] -0.0475950303 -0.0346688548 0.0041559771 -0.0246987117 0.0195623423 0.0167785091 [235] -0.0133513332 -0.0113051093 0.0215167225 -0.0009680543 -0.0141431277 -0.0150936925 [241] -0.0183676066 -0.0117498159 0.0165629981 -0.0248189789 -0.0133004960 -0.0132137229 [247] -0.0429413799 -0.0055694937 0.0005589715 0.0168908903 0.0321518982 0.0007973422 [253] 0.0573060001 -0.0078076206 -0.0253502245 0.0210426035 0.0025361414 -0.0091603694 [259] -0.0064111003 -0.0126862543 -0.0067974118 0.0023581827 -0.0359703092 0.0185464260 [265] -0.0007992541 -0.0193762790 0.0225694695 0.0052994295 -0.0039719369 0.0144872809 [271] 0.0002614721 -0.0076105865 -0.0153971717 0.0056022555 -0.0104292963 -0.0189965007 [277] 0.0079138085 0.0254944708 -0.0165646320 -0.0162958522 -0.0107365106 0.0049696403 [283] 0.0041225838 0.0000000000 -0.0035719230 -0.0200173489 -0.0022490873 -0.0039481157 [289] -0.0182497223 0.0157033919 -0.0154156635 -0.0023041485 -0.0028876717 0.0000000000 [295] -0.0195655241 0.0210104023 -0.0020234145 -0.0026075634 0.0149729259 0.0045623119 [301] 0.0431521368 0.0228966231 -0.0077530130 0.0285733724 -0.0091707704 -0.0137823544 [307] 0.0092974504 -0.0076974501 0.0106017426 0.0481245566 0.0164469194 0.0356877294 [313] 0.0002384643 0.0151446340 -0.0184883199 0.0000000000 Now I want to plot a histogram: > histo = hist(r,freq=F,breaks=50) > histo$density [1] 1.582278 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 1.582278 0.000000 0.000000 1.582278 3.164557 [10] 0.000000 1.582278 0.000000 1.582278 1.582278 1.582278 1.582278 3.164557 3.164557 [19] 4.746835 4.746835 4.746835 14.240506 6.329114 11.075949 15.822785 12.658228 17.405063 [28] 17.405063 22.151899 25.316456 20.569620 9.493671 34.810127 22.151899 14.240506 14.240506 [37] 17.405063 12.658228 14.240506 12.658228 9.493671 14.240506 14.240506 12.658228 9.493671 [46] 7.911392 7.911392 11.075949 7.911392 1.582278 12.658228 3.164557 6.329114 3.164557 [55] 4.746835 3.164557 3.164557 0.000000 3.164557 0.000000 3.164557 1.582278 1.582278 [64] 0.000000 0.000000 1.582278 0.000000 1.582278 0.000000 3.164557 Now I want to plot a NORMAL reference plot > x = rnorm(length(r),mean(r),sd(r)) > curve(dnorm(x), add=T, col="red") But I am not getting what it should be. I get an straight line. Can anyone give me any suggestion? Also please let me know how R calculate "density" in "Hist" function Sincerely yours, Stat thanks in advance ______________________________________________ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.