Thanks a lot for the response and explanation, Lorenz! It seems that  
I can run the analysis with 'lm' without treating subject as a random  
factor

lm(Resp ~ Group*Cov, TestData)

Thanks,
Gang

On Aug 2, 2007, at 5:09 AM, <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>  
<[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

> I do not think anyone has answered this.
>
>> I'm trying to run a simple one-way ANCOVA with the lmer
>> function in R  package lme4, but have encountered some
>> conceptual problem. The data file MyData.txt is like this:
>>
>> Group Subj Cov Resp
>> A    1   3.90   4.05
>> A     2   4.05       4.25
>> A     3   4.25       3.60
>> A     4   3.60       4.20
>> A     5   4.20       4.05
>> A     6   4.05       3.85
>> B     7   3.85       4.15
>> B     8   4.15       4.60
>> B     9   4.60       4.15
>> B     10  4.15       4.40
>> B     11  4.40       3.35
>> B     12  3.35       3.80
>> B     13  3.80   3.90
>>
>> Since I would like to treat subject (Subj) as a random
>> factor, my one- way ANCOVA (with covariate, Cov) is:
>> TestData=read.table("MyData.txt", header=T);
>> m1 <- lmer(Resp ~ Group * Cov + (1 | Subj), TestData)
>
> This is a conceptual problem, indeed. To be able to estimate a  
> subject effect, you need to have repeated measurements (several  
> lines) per observed subject ...
>
> Cheers, Lorenz

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