I'm a novice too, but here's my attempt to help.
> I'd like to use (define-syntax) to make lambda, #%app, etc. all expand
> into terms in my model.
>
This works for me. Is this what you want?
#lang racket/base
(require redex)
(define-language L
(term ::=
(TermLambda var term)
var
(TermApp term term)))
(define-syntax-rule (lambda (x) b)
(term (TermLambda x b)))
(default-language L)
(lambda (y) y)
;; => '(TermLambda y y)
(term (substitute ,(lambda (y) y) y z))
;; => '(TermLambda z z)
> But the problem I'm running into is that #%top-interaction applies (term)
> to its argument, which means that 'lambda' and other macros get quoted and
> not expanded.
>
I don't totally understand how #%top-interaction is relevant here. It only
comes up when you use the REPL, and even then I think it shouldn't do
something like that. What are you trying to do in the REPL? And can't you
redefine #%top-interaction so that it doesn't do what you don't want it to
do?
> Is there a way to make sure that the macros are expanded *before* they are
> passed to term, so that (term) receives valid syntax trees for my model,
> instead of quoted lambdas and apps?
>
See
https://lexi-lambda.github.io/blog/2018/10/06/macroexpand-anywhere-with-local-apply-transformer/.
You can also just use the gist
here: https://gist.github.com/lexi-lambda/65d69043023b519694f50dfca2dc7d33
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