Neurophilosophy
>From Wikipedia
Neurophilosophy or philosophy of neuroscience is the interdisciplinary
study of _neuroscience_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroscience) and
_philosophy_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy) . Work in this field is
often separated into two distinct methods. The first method attempts to solve
problems in _philosophy of mind_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_mind) with empirical information
from the neurosciences. The second
method attempts to clarify neuroscientific results using the conceptual rigor
and methods of _philosophy of science_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_science) .
Neurophilosophy explores the relevance of neuroscientific studies to
arguments in _philosophy of mind_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_mind) . Theories in neurophilosophy
tend to stand in opposition to those of
_idealism_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idealism) and _dualism_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dualism) , which seek to explain the mental with
reference to minds and ideas, rather than the structure and function of the
brain._[1]_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neurophilosophy&printable=yes#cite_note-0)
The foremost proponents of neurophilosophy are _Patricia_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patricia_Churchland) and _Paul Churchland_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Churchland) _[2]_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neurophilosophy&printable=yes#cite_note-1)
.
Specific issues
Four issues that are characteristic to neurophilosophy are_[3]_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neurophilosophy&printable=yes#cite_note-2)
:
* "The indirectness of studies of mind and brain"
* "Relations between psychological and neuroscientific inquiries"
* "Modularity"
* "Computational or representational analysis of brain processing"
List of neurophilosophers
* _William Bechtel_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Bechtel)
* _Patricia Churchland_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patricia_Churchland)
* _Paul Churchland_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Churchland)
* _Francis Crick_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Crick)
* _Christof Koch_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christof_Koch)
* _Gerhard Roth_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerhard_Roth)
* _Torsten de Winkel_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torsten_de_Winkel)
* _Humberto Maturana_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humberto_Maturana)
* _Jesse Prinz_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_Prinz)
* _Francisco Varela_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Varela)
* _William Hirstein_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Hirstein)
* _Ian Gold_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Gold)
Notes
1. _^_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neurophilosophy&printable=yes#cite_ref-0)
Clark, 2000
2. _^_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neurophilosophy&printable=yes#cite_ref-1)
Bechtel, Mandik and Mundale, 2001, p.viii
3. _^_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neurophilosophy&printable=yes#cite_ref-2)
Bechtel, Mandik and Mundale, 2001, citations: p.15,
p.16, p.18, p.19
See also
* _Biophilosophy_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biophilosophy)
* _Cognitive neuroscience_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_neuroscience)
* _Eliminative Materialism_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eliminative_Materialism)
* _Functionalism_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functionalism_(philosophy_of_mind))
* _Multiple realisability_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_realisability)
* _Neuroethics_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroethics)
* _Neurophenomenology_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurophenomenology)
* _Neuropsychology_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuropsychology)
* _Philosophy of psychology_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_psychology)
* _Reduction_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reduction_(philosophy))
References
* Bechtel, W., Mandik, P., Mundale, J. (2001). Philosophy meets the
neurosciences. In: Bechtel, W., Mandik, P., Mundale, J., & Stufflebeam, R.
S. (2001). _Philosophy and the Neurosciences: A Reader_
(http://books.google.com/books?id=S5GoWZPc_zMC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0
#v=onepage&q&f=false) . Malden, MA: Blackwell.
Clark, A. (2000). Mindware: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Cognitive
Science. New York: Oxford University Press.
External links
* _Neuroscience. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy_
(http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/neuroscience/)
* _Philosophy and the Neurosciences Online Resources_
(http://www.petemandik.com/neurophil/neurophil.html)
* _Immagini della Mente_ (http://www.immaginidellamente.it/) : annual
interdisciplinary meeting on Neurophilosophy at the University of Milan
* _Neurophilosophy_ (http://www.filosofia.unimi.it/filoneuro/) :
Research in Philosophy of Neuroscience - University of Milan
Further reading
* Churchland, Patricia Smith (2002). Brain-Wise : Studies in
Neurophilosophy. _The MIT Press_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_MIT_Press) .
_ISBN_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number)
_978-0-262-53200-6_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-262-53200-6) .
* Churchland, Patricia Smith (1989). Neurophilosophy : Toward a
Unified Science of the Mind-Brain. _The MIT Press_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_MIT_Press) . _ISBN_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number)
_978-0-262-53085-9_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-262-53085-9) .
* Clark, Andy (2000). Mindware: An Introduction to the Philosophy of
Cognitive Science. _Oxford University Press_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press) . _ISBN_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number)
_978-0195138573_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0195138573) .
* Northoff, Georg (2004). _Philosophy of the Brain: The brain
problem_ (http://www.benjamins.com/cgi-bin/t_bookview.cgi?bookid=AiCR%2052) .
John
Benjamins. _ISBN_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_St
andard_Book_Number) _978-0-262-23214-2_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-262-23214-2) .
_http://www.benjamins.com/cgi-bin/t_bookview.cgi?bookid=AiCR%2052_
(http://www.benjamins.com/cgi-bin/t_bookview.cgi?bookid=AiCR%2052) .
* Walter, Henrik (2001). Neurophilosophy of Free Will: From
Libertarian Illusions to a Concept of Natural Autonomy. _The MIT Press_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_MIT_Press) . _ISBN_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number)
_1-58811-417-1_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58811-417-1) .
_Neuroscience_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroscience)
_Affective neuroscience_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affective_neuroscience) · _Behavioral neurology_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavioral_neurology) · _Behavioral genetics_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavioral_genetics) · _Behavioral
neuroscience_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavioral_neuroscience) · _Brain–computer
interface_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain–computer_interface) · _Chronobiology_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronobiology) · _Clinical neurophysiology_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_neurophysiology) · _Clinical
neuroscience_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_neuroscience) · _Cognitive
neuroscience_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_neuroscience) · _Computational
neuroscience_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_neuroscience) · _Connectomics_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connectomics) · _Imaging genetics_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imaging_genetics) · _Molecular cellular
cognition_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_cellular_cognition) · _Movement
disorder_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movement_disorder) · _Neural development_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_development) · _Neural engineering_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_engineering) · _Neural network_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_network) (both artificial and
biological) ·
_Neural signal processing_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_processing)
· _Neural tissue regeneration_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regeneration_(biology)) · _Neuroanatomy_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroanatomy) ·
_Neuroanthropology_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroanthropology) ·
_Neuroaesthetics_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroaesthetics) ·
_Neurobioengineering_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurobioengineering) ·
_Neurobiology_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurobiology) · _Neurobiotics_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurobiotics) · _Neurocardiology_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurocardiology) · _Neurochemistry_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurochemistry) · _Neurochip_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurochip) ·
_Neurocriminology_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurocriminology) ·
_Neuroculture_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroculture) ·
_Neurodegeneration_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurodegeneration) · _Neurodevelopmental
disorders_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurodevelopmental_disorders) ·
_Neurodiversity_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurodiversity) ·
_Neuroeconomics_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroeconomics) ·
_Neuroeducation_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroeducation) · _Neuroembryology_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroembryology) · _Neuroendocrinology_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroendocrinology) · _Neuroepidemiology_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroepidemiology) · _Neuroergonomics_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroergonomics) · _Neuroethics_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroethics) · _Neuroethology_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroethology) ·
_Neuroevolution_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroevolution) ·
_Neurogastroenterology_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurogastroenterology) ·
_Neurogenetics_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurogenetics) · _Neuroimaging_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroimaging) · _Neuroimmunology_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroimmunology) · _Neuroinformatics_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroinformatics) · _Neurointensive care_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurointensive_care) · _Neurolaw_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurolaw)
· _Neurolinguistics_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurolinguistics) ·
_Neurology_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurology) · _Neuromarketing_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuromarketing) · _Neurometrics_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurometrics) · _Neuromodulation_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuromodulation) · _Neuromonitoring_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuromonitoring) · _Neurooncology_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurooncology)
· _Neuro-ophthalmology_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuro-ophthalmology)
· _Neuropathology_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuropathology) ·
_Neuropharmacology_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuropharmacology) ·
Neurophilosophy · _Neurophysics_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurophysics) ·
_Neurophysiology_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurophysiology) ·
_Neuroplasticity_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroplasticity) ·
_Neuropolitics_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neuropolitics&action=edit&redlink=1)
·
_Neuroprosthetics_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroprosthetics) ·
_Neuropsychiatry_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuropsychiatry) ·
_Neuro-psychoanalysis_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuro-psychoanalysis) ·
_Neuropsychology_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuropsychology) ·
_Neuroradiology_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroradiology) · _Neurorehabilitation_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurorehabilitation) · _Neurorobotics_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurorobotics) · _Neurosociology_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurosociology) · _Neurosurgery_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurosurgery) · _Neurotechnology_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotechnology) · _Neurotheology_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotheology) ·
_Neurotransmitter_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotransmitter) ·
_Neurovirology_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurovirology) · _Pain_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pain) · _Psychiatric genetics_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychiatric_genetics) · _Psychiatry_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychiatry) · _Psychology_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology) · _Sensory
neuroscience_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensory_neuroscience) · _Sleep_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep) · _Social neuroscience_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_neuroscience) · _Systems neuroscience_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_neuroscience)
Retrieved from "_http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurophilosophy_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurophilosophy) "
_Categories_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Categories) :
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(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Philosophy_by_field) |
_Philosophy of mind_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Philosophy_of_mind) | _Analytic
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(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Analytic_philosophy) | _Philosophy
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* This page was last modified on 18 May 2011
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