Michael Gerson vs.  Ben Domenech  -
The "Compassionate Conservatism"  Debate
 
 
In case there is some kind of doubt, on issues such as those discussed  
below,
my own view is pro-Teddy Roosevelt. To put it in such terms I am, and 
very proudly, a Bull Moose Independent. But in the debate between 
Gerson and Domenech, as well written and thoughtful as Domenech is, 
Gerson has the far better argument:
 
“One of the main problems with an unremittingly hostile view of government  
— held by many associated with the tea party, libertarianism and  “
constitutionalism” — is that it obscures and undermines the social  
contributions 
of a truly conservative vision of government. Politics requires a  guiding 
principle of public action.”

" identification of constitutionalism with an anti-government ideology  is 
not only politically toxic; it is historically and philosophically  
mistaken.".  
"It is not enough to praise America’s Founders; it is necessary to listen 
to  them. The Federalist Founders did not view government as a necessary 
evil. They  referred to the “imbecility” of a weak federal government (in the 
form of the  Articles of Confederation) compared to a relatively strong 
central government,  which is what the Constitution actually created. Though 
they 
feared the  concentration of too much power in one branch of government, 
they believed that  good government was essential to promote what they called 
the “public good.”  
The reason why I am not impressed by Gerson is because he seems more  than 
willing to turn the leadership of the conservative cause over to  
incompetents like Bush or to servants of Big Money like Rove.  
No thanks, I much prefer responsible activist government led by an  
intelligent visionary grounded in psychologically healthy morality such as TR.  
And 
by 1912 Roosevelt was a political Independent. But Gerson is 100% correct 
to  say that good government should be cherished and that anti-government 
ideology  is irresponsible, wildly unrealistic, and anything but congruent with 
the  Constitution. It is no argument to choose some other course because 
someone like  Clinton or Obama might be at the helm. Politics should most of 
all be about  generating good leaders and electing people to office who know 
what in the hell  they are doing. Get that right and there won't be any 
Clintons or Obamas. But  you have to get that right and you cannot get it right 
if your leaders are  people like Bush or Rove. This is the sober truth.  
Billy R.
 
---------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
 
W. Post
 
 
Listening to the Founding  Fathers

 
By:  Michael Gerson the
January 2, 2014
 
A political backlash has commenced within the  Republican Party against tea 
party and libertarian groups that have limited  interest in securing 
Republican victories and majorities. Elected leaders, party  officials and 
business groups have begun pushing back against self-destructive  legislative 
strategies and unelectable primary candidates. 
But the GOP’s political reaction often concedes a great deal of ideological 
 ground to anti-government populism — what its advocates describe as  “
constitutionalism.” Our national recovery, in this view, depends on returning  
to the severely constrained governing vision of the Founding Fathers, as  
embodied in the Constitution. Many Republicans now seem to be saying: Yes, 
this  is the conservative ideal, but it is just not practical to implement at 
the  moment.
 
 
This cedes too much. In a new essay in National Affairs, “_A Conservative 
Vision of Government_ 
(http://www.nationalaffairs.com/publications/detail/a-conservative-vision-of-government)
 ,” Pete Wehner and I  argue that the 
identification of constitutionalism with an anti-government  ideology is not 
only 
politically toxic; it is historically and philosophically  mistaken. 
It is not enough to praise America’s Founders; it is necessary to listen to 
 them. The Federalist Founders did not view government as a necessary evil. 
They  referred to the “imbecility” of a weak federal government (in the 
form of the  Articles of Confederation) compared to a relatively strong 
central government,  which is what the Constitution actually created. Though 
they 
feared the  concentration of too much power in one branch of government, 
they believed that  good government was essential to promote what they called 
the “public good.”  
And they assumed that the content of the public good would shift over time. 
 “Constitutions of civil government,” argued _Alexander  Hamilton in 
Federalist No. 34_ (http://www.constitution.org/fed/federa34.htm) , “are not to 
be framed upon a calculation of  existing exigencies, but upon a combination 
of these with the probable  exigencies of ages. . . . Nothing, therefore, 
can be more fallacious than to  infer the extent of any power, proper to be 
lodged in the national government,  from an estimate of its immediate 
necessities. There ought to be a CAPACITY to  provide for future contingencies 
as 
they may happen.” 
In the tradition of the Federalist Founders, Abraham Lincoln believed the  
federal government should be capable of adjusting to changing circumstances 
and  active in pursuit of national purposes. In his “_Fragment on 
Government_ (http://hd.housedivided.dickinson.edu/node/40487) ,” Lincoln 
described a 
number of  matters requiring the “combined action” of government, including “
public roads  and highways, public schools, charities, pauperism” and “
providing for the  helpless young and afflicted.”  
(http://quod.lib.umich.edu/l/lincoln/lincoln2/1:261?rgn=div1;view=fulltext)  
Conservatives naturally want to be seen as defenders of the Constitution. 
But  “constitutional conservatives” need to recognize what both the Fed
eralist  Founders and Lincoln actually envisioned for the republic they 
respectively  created and preserved. Far from being constrained by the 
political and 
economic  arrangements of an 18th-century coastal, agrarian republic, the 
Founders fully  expected the United States to spread across a continent, 
undergo economic and  social change and emerge as a global actor. And they 
purposely designed a  constitutional system that could accommodate such 
ambitions. 
This is not to argue that the Founders would be happy with the current size 
 and role of government. But, after protecting a variety of essential civil 
 liberties, they placed such matters mainly in the realm of democratic  
self-government. They made it procedurally difficult for majorities to prevail. 
 But they placed few limits on the public policies that durable majorities 
might  adopt in the future — leaving “a capacity to provide for future  
contingencies.” 
In our time, durable majorities have endorsed the existence of Social  
Security and Medicare. These roles of government were not envisioned by the  
Founders. But they do not violate a principle of our system nor run counter to  
the prescient mind-set of the Founders. People are free to argue for and 
against  such programs. But this debate can’t be trumped or short-circuited by 
simplistic  and legalistic appeals to the Constitution as a purely limiting 
document. 
The broad purposes of the modern state — promoting equal opportunity,  
providing for the poor and elderly — are valid within our constitutional order. 
 
But these roles are often carried out in antiquated, failing systems. The  
conservative challenge is to accept a commitment to the public good while  
providing a distinctly conservative vision of effective, modest, modern  
government. 
But a shift in mind-set is first required among conservatives: thinking of  
government as a precious national institution in need of care and reform. 
This  would honor the Founders. The real Founders. 
================================ 


 
Compassionate Conservatives Are Confusing A Slogan With An  Agenda
Good government inevitably becomes big  government.

 
By : Ben Domenech
January 10, 2014
 
 
 
In the year since President Barack Obama’s re-election, a handful of  
advocates for compassionate conservatism have re-emerged to push back against  
limited government conservatives with the same agenda they’ve been peddling 
for  nearly 15 years. Built around a message of governance in favor of the 
public  good, they have chided the Tea Party and its limited government allies 
for  ignoring the plight of the poor, heartlessly pursuing libertarian ends, 
and  adopting a view of government’s proper role which is unrealistic and  
ahistorical.
 
The problem is that their own views are based on _assumptions  undermined 
by the failings of the George W. Bush presidency_ 
(http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2012/06/19/the_compassionate_conservative_lie_114536.html)
  
and by the _organic  growth in distrust in government_ 
(http://www.people-press.org/2013/10/18/trust-in-government-interactive/)  
among all Americans – 
and they fail to  recognize the inherent weakness of their message, which 
confuses a political  slogan with a coherent philosophy of governance and 
would allow for sweeping  expansions of the state.

 
 
Former Bush speechwriters _Michael Gerson and  Pete Wehner have a long 
essay in National Affairs_ (http://vlt.tc/1850)  about conservative  governance 
which has been getting some attention over the past few weeks. If  it’s too 
much for you to read, you can read a shorter summary _in Gerson’s Washington 
Post column here_ (http://vlt.tc/1851) , which  critiques “the 
identification of constitutionalism with an anti-government  ideology” as “not 
only 
politically toxic; it is historically and philosophically  mistaken.” _Gerson 
continued on that theme in his  subsequent column:_ (http://vlt.tc/1852) 
 
“One of the main problems with an unremittingly hostile view of government  
— held by many associated with the tea party, libertarianism and  “
constitutionalism” — is that it obscures and undermines the social  
contributions 
of a truly conservative vision of government. Politics requires  a guiding 
principle of public action.”

“For popular liberalism, it  is often the rule of good intentions: If it 
sounds good, do it. Social  problems can be solved by compassionate, efficient 
regulation and bureaucratic  management — which is seldom efficient and 
invites unintended consequences in  complex, unmanageable systems (say, the 
one-sixth of the U.S. economy devoted  to health care). The signal light for 
government intervention is stuck on  green. For libertarians and their 
ideological relatives, the guiding principle  is the maximization of individual 
liberty. It is a theory of government  consisting mainly of limits and 
boundaries. The light is almost always  red.”

“Conservatism (as Peter Wehner and I explain in our recent  National 
Affairs essay, “A Conservative Vision of Government”) offers a  different 
principle of public action — though one a bit more difficult to  explain than 
“go” 
or “stop.” In the traditional conservative view, individual  liberty is 
ennobled and ordered within social institutions — families,  religious 
communities, neighborhoods, voluntary associations, local  governments and 
nations. 
The success of individuals is tied to the health of  these institutions, 
which prepare people for the responsible exercise of  freedom and the duties 
of citizenship. This is a limiting principle: Higher  levels of government 
should show deference to private associations and local  institutions. But 
this is also a guide to appropriate governmental action —  needed when local 
and private institutions are enervated or insufficient in  scale to achieve 
the public good.”

 

The problem with Gerson’s framing here is obvious: in what way is 
appropriate  governmental action to achieve a public good determined? If we are 
in an 
era  when social institutions are in decline – partially due to government, 
but due  as much to culture – what limits if any should expansionists 
recognize on the  size and scope of government? This is the equivalent of the 
general welfare  clause: If there is any limit to what can be defined as a 
public good, which of  Michael Bloomberg’s policies would Gerson describe as 
unconservative? Isn’t it  good for people to be healthier, even if the state is 
being a bit of a nanny?  Were local and private institutions really dealing 
with those problems of too  much soda and salt?
 
_Philip  Klein has more:_ 
(http://washingtonexaminer.com/compassionate-conservatives-strike-back-against-tea-party/article/2541901)
 
 
Throughout the piece, Gerson and Wehner make arguments that are very  
difficult to distinguish philosophically from liberalism. “The founders, then,  
provided us with a strong governing system – strong precisely because it 
could  adapt to changing circumstances,” they write, echoing the liberal idea 
of 
a  “living Constitution.” The authors also argue for a federal government “
strong  enough to shape global events and to guarantee a minimal provision 
for the  poor, ill, and elderly.” Though Gerson and Wehner insist they 
believe in  limited government, it’s hard to see what limiting principle they 
have in  mind, as the definition of “minimal provision” could vary widely. 
Evidently,  what philosophically separates them from liberals is a belief that 
the welfare  state should be less centralized and technocratic.

 

Gerson and Wehner are not politicians, of course. But there are those who  
appear to be adopting their brand of reform. Senator Marco Rubio’s proposal 
this  week for an anti-poverty reform agenda is a useful example of the 
problem these  compassionate conservative assumptions run into when you attempt 
to put them  into practice. While consolidation and block-granting are all 
well and good, _Rubio doesn’t stop there:_ (http://vlt.tc/184z) 
 
“Mr. Rubio will also propose Wednesday to replace the Earned Income Tax  
Credit, which was used by 28 million tax payers in 2011, with a new “wage  
enhancement” system that directs federal money towards supplementing the  
income of people who work in “qualifying low-income  jobs.”

 

Rubio’s motivations here are noble, and almost certainly pass Gerson’s  “
public good” test: wage stagnation is indeed a problem, and the EITC is a  
warped system which has racked up a roughly 25% fraud percentage over the past 
 decade. But think for a moment about what he’s proposing here: a future of 
long  fights over what a “qualifying low-income job” is, a definition ripe 
for unions  to exploit under future Democratic administrations. And let’s 
not even get  started on the audits and oversight. I thought that limited 
government advocates  would want to get government out of businesses, not 
further integrating them. _Conn  Carroll explains:_ 
(http://townhall.com/tipsheet/conncarroll/2014/01/09/some-problems-with-rubios-poverty-proposals-n1775030)
 
 
All conservatives should ask themselves: Do I want to empower President  
Obama to decide which are the “qualifying low-wage jobs” and which are not? 
Is  there any doubt Obama, or future liberal presidents, would use this new  
government program to play favorites in the market place? Would Obama or  
President Hillary Clinton every give wage subsidies to coal miners? Or  
Americans working at an oil refinery? Of course not. How would the federal  
government prevent fraud and abuse without making the new program a burden on  
participating employers? Instead of creating a brand new government program to  
subsidize low paying jobs, why not just cut the payroll tax for everyone? 
No  favoritism. No fraud. No abuse. Just make it easier for employers to hire 
and  let Americans take home more of their money every paycheck. Why not 
keep it  simple?

 

Robert Rector has _some criticism of Rubio’s plan  here_ 
(http://vlt.tc/1853) . But the bigger issue is that Rubio’s focusing on the 
wrong problem, as  
_Scott Winship indicates here_ (http://vlt.tc/17yt)  in a piece on  another 
topic. Wage subsidies accept the left’s proposition that the problem  here 
is a monetary one, where just giving poor people more money to be more  
comfortable in their poverty is the solution. That’s the opposite of a safety  
net, which – if properly designed – offers peace of mind to the most 
vulnerable  in the event of total disaster. And Rubio’s answer ignores the fact 
that the  real problem faced by the working and middle class isn’t wage 
stagnation so much  as the actions of government have caused things like health 
care, education, gas  and groceries to eat up a larger portion of their 
pocketbooks… an approach which  would be far more consistent with a limited 
view of 
government’s role.
 
The best critique of Gerson and Wehner’s views may be _this  2008 review of 
the former’s book, Heroic Conservatism, by John  Podhoretz_ 
(http://www.commentarymagazine.com/article/heroic-conservatismby-michael-j-gerson/)
 . In an 
eloquent passage, Podhoretz reveals the real failing  ignored by the 
compassionate conservative advocates: they’re trying to turn a  limited 
marketing 
slogan into a comprehensive governing philosophy.
 
But it is precisely the gap between the lofty principles expressed in  
speeches and the often compromised policies enacted by officialdom that has  
helped create public skepticism about the efficacy of government action to  
cure social ills. This skepticism vexes Gerson, but he does not offer a  
reasoned argument against it. He simply cautions conservatives not to be  
excessively fearful of the so-called “law of unintended consequences”—i.e.,  
the 
possibility that government action intended to do good can have the  opposite 
result…

“Like all true conservatives,” Gerson writes, “I  believe in limited 
government.” But there is very little in this book about  limiting government’s 
reach and a great deal about expanding it. Gerson’s call  to idealism is 
inspiring, especially in his chapters dealing with Bush’s  campaign to combat 
AIDS in Africa—surely the most underappreciated initiative  of this 
presidency and perhaps of any presidency in modern times. And his  account of 
the 
thinking behind the magisterial series of addresses through  which George W. 
Bush transformed the foreign policy of the United States after  September 11 
is essential reading for any student of American  politics.

But it seems Gerson never really grasped the truth about  compassionate 
conservatism. This is that it was not a party program, let alone  a developed 
political philosophy, but a marketing gimmick. It is thus little  wonder that 
eight years of exploring the depths and reaches of this topic have  led to 
a very singular brand of politics. Michael Gerson’s party of heroic  
conservatism is, I fear, a party of one.

 

The challenge of conservative governance in this era of the right’s muddled 
 grappling with their ongoing philosophical disagreement will continue to 
create  tensions between a faction that believes conservatism means doing the 
business  of compassion more efficiently in pursuit of a vaguely defined 
public good, and  one which believes it’s more important to restrain the 
warping effects of  government and return the government to the role it 
occupied 
for most of  American history, before LBJ set us on the path toward an 
unsustainable  entitlement state… which was, if you think about it, entirely 
justified at the  time if you adopted Gerson’s approach.
 
Here’s a hint: If your approach to conservative governance would justify 
the  Great Society, it’s usually a sign you took a wrong turn somewhere. Maybe 
 because the lights were all green.

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