Part # 1
 
The Meaning of Christian Faith  
  
 
-An essay in the form of a letter to a friend
 
   
Ernie:
Things are not what they seem. This, of course, is a central teaching of  
Buddhism.
It is also important in Biblical religion  -both Christian faith and  even 
moreso
Judaism-  and in some schools of Hinduism. In these faiths this truth  is
a warning, you need o be on your guard against false appearances.
The idea is also found in Islam where,  however, the idea is presented 
as a strategy to defeat non-Muslims through deception.
 
The prime example of "things are not what they seem" in Biblical faith,  is,
needless to say, found in the Book of Job. Related insights can be  seen
in Ecclesiastes and Revelation, but let us focus on Job. For it is in  that
text that we get a complete reversal of fortune on the part of the  hero
of he story, he looks like the world's worst loser, people presume  that
he has no future, he appears to be forsaken by God. But, obviously,
that is not what his story is all about. What is important in it
is what you don't see until the end. 
 
I bring this up because of the terrible fate that has befallen my dear  
friend
Evangeline. Her story is tragic and deserves something like the kind
of narrative you find in Job. She does not remotely merit the kind of
misfortune she now must face  -loss of about three-fourths of  everything
because of a legal settlement, something caused by her husband's sex  with
an adopted daughter more than a decade ago  -which Evangeline had no 
knowledge of but which her daughter's lawyer exploited "as if" such  
allegations 
were true. After weeks of fighting, Evangeline simply gave up. She had 
no stomach for legal combat just as she has no stomach
for any other kind of combat. And so, she was fleeced horribly.
 
Evangeline, for me, is and always will be the equivalent of a saint. She is 
 that
devoted to Christ and to doing what is good and right. At the basis of  her
faith is what can be called "love of Jesus." In fact I cannot think of any 
other way to characterize what and who she is. She is another St.  Francis
except that her gender is female.  
 
All of which may sound exaggerated. To which all I can say is that it  has 
been
my great privilege to have gotten to know her, to be able to call her my  
friend,
and simply to say that if you ever were able to meet her and be around  her
for at least a short time,  there isn't any question in my mind that  you
would agree with this view of the woman.. She is  simply remarkable, 
as I see it, the best possible model of what a Christian should  be.
.
And now this  -extreme punishment for crimes she did not commit
-and, to make it all worse, her prayerful forgiveness of  her  sorrowful
and  contrite husband of three decades has become  unforgivable 
on the part of nearly all of the dozen children she raised, four her own, 
eight interracial and adopted.
.
What is wrong with this picture?
.
There is something wrong and what that is explains why I am  writing to you.
Unfortunately, as per usual,  you won't read this letter except  
perfunctorily.
After all, you are a busy man. But others will read it and wonder and
maybe then you will finally take the time to see what it actually  says.
 
This is not said in any disparagement of how busy you are. What I know of 
your life elicits admiration for who and what you are. You are seeking  the
best for your family and some things you must do, to provide for them. As  
well, 

I also know something about your charitable giving to Christian  missions.
Hence, criticism of your being "busy" is made on the basis of  respect,
not something else. Regardless.....
 
I write believing that I am giving you material that is a  more-or-less
equivalent of someone like Nabokov writing to me, no matter how long, 
which would be priceless and valuable, not to be overlooked. I have 
that kind of faith in myself. You read it as if, from my perspective,   you 
were 
getting an unwelcome missive from Donald Trump and as a busy man 
you don't have time for that sort of verbage.
 
Everything here goes to the heart of your beliefs, and, of course, not  only
your's but the beliefs of many millions of other Christians. As much  as
I also identify with the same faith there definitely is something wrong  and
it really needs to be talked about.  That is, everything said  here should 
have
intrinsic value. Reading it should be valuable to you. Even if you  think
otherwise. At least no-one can say I did not give it my best effort.
 
Your recent brief e-mail comment about China also fits into the topic. 
When you said that what it all comes down to is the fact many  millions 
of Chinese people are turning to Christ. Which is a statement of faith 
but at the same time a statement of presumed fact. So I did some  digging; 
as a statement with a truth claim in it, how true is it?
 
Very true but also misleading. There is a helluva lot more to the  question
than your answer assumes. And this ties into the issue of Christ-centered  
faith.
 
There is a question for myself to think about  -which just might have  some
interest to you because of what my identification as a Christian  could  
mean
for you, not so much in the here-and-now but down the road.
 
Which returns us to Job. His friends could only see him as he had  become
in their here-and-now. They were clueless about how the story would  end.
They guessed wrong.
 
Are you guessing wrong also?  I rather think you are.
 
-----
 
 
What does faith in Christ actually mean? For many Christians, and  certainly
Evangeline among them, there is only one possible answer. "Of course" it  
means
personal commitment, it means a "relationship" with Jesus, it means a  life
based on renewal, it means above all a very selective interpretation
of the Bible emphasizing what may be characterized as a "gentle Jesus 
meek and mild" view of Christ. Others have called it a "feminized  Jesus,"
that word taken in a Victorian-era sense. But it may best be thought of as 
roughly half of Jesus, all other dimensions of him deliberately  ignored.
 
This has deep meaning for me inasmuch as since February I have
recommitted myself to Christian faith. But now I have reawakened  to
the fact that the same old problems within Christian faith that made  me
unhappy years ago have not gone away and still rule the roost in the  
Church.
It is necessary to give fresh thought to what it means to be a  Christian.
It cannot, for me, mean what it does to most believers.
 
 
Evangeline, in an important sense,  is the great exception to the rule  that
the same problems still prevail in the Church. But, alas, her life has  
become
a world class tragedy, she simply cannot spend much time talking with  me,
not under present circumstances.  But speaking of everyone else  what is
most notable, as I see things, is the profound indifference. It is  
palpable,
as solid as a rock, undeniable. There is no interest.
 
I may as well have told people that I had become a philatelist. 
 
Well, now, what should I make of that?
 
 
I understand very well what time constraints are all about. But I also  
understand
that there may be good ways to overcome that kind of problem. However, 
there has to be an interest in order for alternatives to even be  
considered.
And there simply isn't any interest. And I have noticed.
 
To try and deal with this fact let me return to the story of China for a  
moment.
 
Can all of Chinese Christianity be reduced to an observation to the  effect
that more and more Chinese are turning to Jesus? 
 
There are two answers to that question. Since most new Christians in  China
can be thought of as within the Pentecostal orbit maybe the statement
is more-or-less true. But this leaves out a significant Catholic  presence
and, as well, it ignores a lot of "other" Christians, including those who  
belong
to sects that have analogs in terms of, say, the Mormons or local  versions
of something like Patrick Henry College and its political version of  faith.
 
The difference in outlook is between a believer who is Pentecostal or (very 
 similar) Charismatic, and someone who whatever part sincere faith has in  
everything, 
demands a strong sense of objectivity. It is the difference between saying  
that  
"my view of faith" is strong in China and growing,  vs. a fact-based  
description 
of the spectrum of faith in China and how it all fits together  -or  where 
the fault lines
and differences can be found.  Personally I find the first  outlook simply 
subjective, whatever value such subjectivity may have, and the  other to be 
what is 
actually useful and worth knowing.
 
This brings up the issue of heroes of faith. Thomas a Kempis wrote a  book
half a millennium ago called The Imitation of Christ. His concept  was 
derived
from St. Augustine who, in turn derived his views from leaders in the early 
Church and from the first generations of Christian believers whom he 
knew about. The idea is simplicity itself:  We  should, as much as possible,
strive to be like Jesus in word and deed and spirit in all our  lives.
 
The trouble is twofold: First, I profoundly disagree and  second, I also
agree strongly, but exactly what was  Jesus like?  After all, the  picture 
of him
in the New Testament is both complex and very incomplete. We get an 
edited Jesus, in other words, and in any case, how can you or I be  like
a "divine being" on Earth?  
 
About which, sure I admire, say,  Albert Einstein, but I have very  little 
aptitude 
for physics and hardly any interest in higher math. Do I think he was a  
great man? 
Of course, many times over. He changed the course of history. But it would  
be 
pointless to try and imitate him; I would be a dismal  failure at it. And 
would 
Einstein think that everyone should seek to follow in his footsteps? It  
would 
seem to be safe to say that he would laugh at the idea. Think of other  
outstanding 
people of his time. Should Ted Williams have given up baseball to try and  
become 
a theoretical physicist?  Should Harry Truman have given up politics  to 
try and learn differential equations or advanced calculus?
 
The point is that we need to be true to our nature, whatever that may  be.
And our nature does not include being divine.
 
Another point is that to the extent we should try and imitate Jesus it  is
essential that we know what we are talking about. Some truths that  Jesus
taught or exemplified are universal, meant for all humanity, intrinsically  
good,
in everyone's best interests. However, contrary to simplistic  constructions
of Jesus' life offered to us by many true believers,   -Jesus as  
all-loving pacifist-
what the Bible tells us about his life is far more complex and  
multi-dimensional
than that. Indeed, to arrive at their simplistic and always  peaceful  
Jesus,
true believers have to falsify the New Testament account in many  ways.
They need to ignore the physical violence he used to throw the money  
changers
out of the temple, ignore the fact that at least some of his disciples were 
 armed
at his own urging, ignore the fact that he befriended an unknown  number
of  Roman soldiers, and ignore the fact that he threatened ( I think  
justifiably)
sinners with eternal torment in Hell  -as passages in the Sermon on  the 
Mount
make clear.
 
In short the "Christ of faith" depends upon your understanding of the  
"Jesus 
of history." And about that,  Evangelicals could care less, assuming  as 
they do
that the portrait of Christ presented in the Gospels is all you need to  
know
-as if there were no inconsistencies in the gospel accounts and as if
there weren't all kinds of lacunae in the stories. And I cannot live  with
such a naive view of history and such disdain for historical  facts.
 
Moreover, Jesus was complex in more ways than his views of  war  and peace.
I also agree in principle with John Dominic Crossan that the thrust of  
Jesus'
social ministry consisted of  non-violent resistance, but it  was overt 
resistance
and it was well organized. Which the Gospels also tell us. And certainly  
this 
seems what best explains the beginnings of Jesus' ministry.
 
But more to the point, he was nothing at all like the views that  many 
Evangelicals 
and other believers would have it, that he was essentially an observant  
conservative 
Jew even if he had a new message from God. His Jewishness was Galilean and 
heterodox,  and he repeatedly said that his mission was to all men and  
women 
of good will, not only to the people of Judea. I don't think this makes him 
 as 
ecumenical as Augustus (sometimes was) but it certainly does not make him  
into 
a first century AD version of  a  (so-called) "fundamentalist"  preacher 
from America's 'Bible belt.'
 
Nor was Jesus a male equivalent of mother Theresa, spending 100% of his  
time
ministering to the sick, the poor, and the unfortunate. Sure, he spent some 
of his time that way, but mostly he was an activist seeking to replace 
Roman rule with that of the Kingdom of  Heaven. He can also be thought  of
as a sage, related to but different than the wandering "Cynic"  philosophers
-the Cynics having nothing at all to do with modern era "cynicism" and 
a lot to do with the kinds of things we know about Socrates. This  point
can be (and has been) pushed way too far by some scholars but a case
can be made that there is at least some resemblance to Greek  thinkers.
And, of course, Galilee as Jesus knew it, was part of a cultural  mileau
that included the Decapolis, ten Greek cities not all that far from   
Nazareth.
It also included Sepphoris, a mixed Hellenistic-Jewish city, which was 
a fairly short walk from Nazareth.
 
One gospel, Matthew, despite the fact that it emphasizes Jewish  themes
throughout, nonetheless makes special effort to connect Christ in some  way
to Persia, Assyria, and Egypt, that is, to Zoroastrianism, Ishtar  religion,
and faith in the Goddess Isis. Actually if you have the necessary  scholarly
background you can find similar connections in the Gospel of John  also,
but let us focus on Matthew 2: 1 and 12:  41-42. 
 
First we find the familiar passage about the Magi, sometimes called "wise  
men" 
from the East. This is in reference to Zoroastrian priests or, anyway, some 
 kind
of Persian religious figures, not necessarily part of the official  
Zoroastrian religion,
possibly connected to the religion of the Medes which was a precursor  
faith. 
 
Secondly there are two references in chapter 12, to the "men" (people) of  
Assyria,
who certainly were not Jews and who historically were Ishtar devotees, and  
a
reference to the "Queen of the South."  If you take this  phrase at its 
surface meaning
it discusses the Queen of Sheba, who also was not Jewish, her religion not  
well understood at this time, the archaeological record for Yemen (Sheba)  
is among 
the most sketchy anywhere in the world,  but it certainly was  related to 
Assyrian 
religion or non-Jewish religion of the mid East more generally. But the  
phrase 
Queen of the South also was a well known euphemism for the Goddess Isis 
of Egypt and, by extension,  for the Ptolemaic dynasty, only recently  
overthrown 
by the Romans. Which of course you would never know if you never studied 
the history of religions of the ancient world.
 
And Evangelicals seldom do any such thing, which is one price to pay
for insistence that the only way to read the Bible is in terms of other  
passages
in the Bible, no outside objective information needed, thank you.
 
The verses in Matthew  are not isolated passages  -although  even if they 
were 
they would have real importance. Which is not even to discuss the many  
examples
of symbolism in the Book of Revelation. There are verses in Acts, even in  
some 
of Paul's letters, -like II Thessalonians- which also bring up
non-Jewish religious ideas in some positive way.
 
This does not say that the New Testament is "really" a disguised New  Age
text that means something altogether different than what it actually  says.
Nor is this some kind of testimony on behalf of a religious outlook
that I personally think was mentally challenged, most varieties of  
Gnosticism. 
What it does say, however, was that earliest Christian faith was not the  
closed 
system it became later in which the only intelligible historic references  
are 
European or Judean. But don't look to Evangelicals for confirmation of this 
 idea.
The concept is alien to them and they have no interest at in learning
anything outside of normative traditions they already are familiar  with.
 
This statement is unfair to some Evangelicals, of course. It is a  
generalization
and like any generalization there are plenty of exceptions to the rule. But 
 if 
you spend any time at all with Evangelicals and this is an interest of  
yours
you know that the generalization stands.
 
To find Christians with some degree of interest in expanding their  
historical 
base of knowledge you need to look to modernists, to the Religious  Left.
Which is to say that you would need to be satisfied to turn to  "Christians"
who no longer believe in Christ except as a marker for their  identity.
Another generalization with its own exceptions which is also true is  that
these ersatz Christians are Bible illiterates. They are totally  clueless
about the contents of the Holy Book. For them the Judeo-Christian
scriptures reduce to a few stories about Christmas and Easter and
miscellaneous platitudes picked for them by Left-wing pastors
to serve Left-wing social interests. Its a simple as that.
 
All of this said, there still is some sense in which we do need to try  and
"imitate" Christ. That sense is morally. Which, I think, is an unarguable  
view.
Jesus set the standard for moral behavior. According to Christian  theology
we all should strive to live up to Christ's example. Also according to  
Christian
theology,  no-one can possibly be perfect at this, indeed, we all will  
fall miserably
short, but the point is that we should try. And keep trying for as long as  
we live.
.
However, while there are various areas of Jesus' life that are easy enough  
to follow
from the Gospel accounts, including views he had that all Right-wing  and 
Left-wing believers habitually misconstrue, there also are areas where  not 
enough
is told us in the New Testament to really be sure. In each case, Left,  
Right, and
Uncertain, modern myths fill the vacuum.  These myths are believed-in  
fervently
because they excuse people's ignorance.
.
Here is one example, the false "fact" that Jesus was silent on the issue of 
homosexuality. While this myth is regarded as unarguably true on the Left 
even some Evangelicals accept it as bona fide. In either case, belief in  
this myth
merely demonstrates unfamiliarity with the Bible. For Jesus explicitly  
condemns
homosexuality  -sodomy-  in Matthew 11:  20-24
 
To refresh your memory, here are the exact words; this is  from 
the New English Bible translation:
 
" THEN HE SPOKE of the towns in which most of his miracles had been 
performed, and denounced them for their impenitence. 'Alas for you,  
Chorazin!' 
he said; 'alas for you, Bethsaida! If the miracles that were performed in  
you 
had been performed in Tyre and Sidon, they would long ago have repented 
in sack-cloth and ashes. But it will be more bearable, I tell you, for Tyre 
and Sidon on the day of judgement than for you.  And as for you, Capernaum, 
will you be exalted to the skies? No, brought down to the depths! For if  
the 
miracles had been performed in Sodom which were performed in you, 
Sodom would be standing to this day. But it will be more bearable, I tell  
you, 
for the land of Sodom on the day of judgement than for you.' "
 
There isn't the least question that popular use of the word "Sodom" or  
derivatives
like "sodomy" referred to homosexuality in the era the gospels  were  
written.
Philo repeatedly uses Sodom / sodomy in this sense and, of course, it  is
unmistakable in the New Testament, especially so in the writings of  Paul.
 
The only question concerns the meaning of such terms at the time that  
Genesis
was written, which is where the story of Sodom and Gomorrah  originates
-unless a recently discovered text from Jordan somehow connected to
the Barlaam pericope, clearly non-Jewish in character, is a better  
candidate
for the original idea  This refers to the "Deir 'Alla  Inscription" -which 
really
needs to be investigated in published scholarly print material since  online
studies that I know about are very substandard. In any case, there is
a possibility that in another tradition the Goddess Ishtar, or a  surrogate,
was believed to have caused the destruction of Sodom.
 
As for the Bible itself, you would think that the Sodom pericope was self  
evident
in its meaning. But not to Leftists. For them, since they espouse a new  
ideology
of homosexual acceptance, even ancient texts must be reinterpreted to  agree
with views that only date to Harry Hay and his efforts in the 1950s.  This
ideology has now penetrated throughout America's elite class to the  effect
that homosexuals can do no wrong,  and even to criticize  homosexuals
is an affront to human decency  -which is a 180 degree reversal of  just
about all religious  traditions on the issue. Therefore the traditions  
must be
changed   -falsified-  to reflect homosexual  interests.
 
Sometimes the truth about what is going on is so blatant that it can't  
possibly
be missed even if, despite how blatant everything  is, it is missed  anyway.
For one example of this we can refer to a lecture given by Christine Hayes 
as part of her class at Yale on the history of Biblical religion.  
Specifically this 
refers to lecture #2, "The Hebrew Bible in Its Ancient Near Eastern  
Setting."
It is accessible via  a YouTube video, online.
 
In some ways, Christine Hayes' views on the subject are very much like  my 
own. 
She respects and makes good use of some of the best contemporary
scholarship; her approach to the Bible is historical more  than anything 
else
because, as we both believe,  a strictly devotional  interpretation of the 
book 
necessarily misses  most of  its actual meaning. And  there is so much to 
learn.
.
For an "adventure of ideas" you simply cannot do better than to try  and
unravel the meaning of the Judeo-Christian scriptures. There are  endless
discoveries to make when the Bible is looked at as anything but a closed  
canon
of texts and instead is seen for what it is,  the best extant example  of 
ancient
literature but still one example out of many, all of which are  mutually
interdependent, some advancing truths not found in others, but in all
cases sharing a large number of truths  -and not a few  misconceptions
and mistakes. So far, so good.
.
However, as objective as Christine Hayes tries to be, she, like most  
academics,
has been infected by Left-wing disease. This illness has the unfortunate  
effect
of turning truths intro falsehoods and falsehoods into its version of  
truths.
And since academics, like everyone else, want to be accepted by  others
in their profession as peers, they  are willing to play games with  the
historical record even when it means that one "believes in" 
the preposterous.
.
It must be said that there also is such a thing as Right-wing disease
and its symptoms are similar  -such as disbelief in the findings of  hard 
science,
hence belief in myths like a six day Creation or a literal global  Great 
Flood,
but these are such easy targets for criticism that hopefully you will  
excuse
me for saying just about nothing on such subjects.  It  accomplished nothing
to win arguments with children and pretty much the same thing applies 
when discussing the Religious Right. On these subjects  Evangelicals are
often hopelessly naive. But the point needs emphasis that the Religious  
Left 
isn't much better and in some ways is even worse.
 
In the case of Christine Hayes, this concerns remarks she made about 
the ancient city of Sodom as recounted in Genesis 19. She insisted  that
the problem was unrelated to homosexual behavior; instead the real
issue was lack of hospitality and general lawlessness on the part of
the mob. About which there is some truth. However, she gave it all
away with what she said next, hurriedly, en route to discussion of
another topic. This was a case of "gang rape,"  she said, and  that
was that.
 
Uhhh, what is male-on-male gang rape but one form of homosexual  behavior?
However, Christine Hayes's ideology will not permit her to  acknowledge
the obvious. Left-wing theory cannot admit that homosexuals are
often irresponsible, violent, and generally nihilistic.  And  this outlook 
ties
in with the feminist view that (heterosexual) rape of all kinds is a matter 
 of 
violence against women and, therefore, sex has nothing to do with it. Which 
is a conclusion that defies logic but, then, who says the Left is rational 
or logical? The irrationality of  Leftists is different than that of  
Rightists
but it is just as deluded.
 
At any rate, when Jesus condemned Capernaum for its sodomy he was
talking about homosexuality  -whether or not Leftists  like the  fact
that he was anti-homosexual. Too bad for the Left-wing version of  Christ
as someone who advocated values entirely consistent with those of
the editorial board of the New York Times,  but the evidence we  have
says that such an opinion is utterly false to the facts of history.
 
Just to make sure, there is also a passage that tells us the same  thing
but in a different context. This is Mark 10: 6 - 9 and  says:
 
"... in the beginning, at the creation. God made them male and female. 
For this reason a man shall leave his father and mother, and be made one 
with his wife;  and the two shall become one flesh.  It follows that they 
are 
no longer two individuals: they are one flesh. What God has joined  
together, 
man must not separate.' "
 
Can anything be more clear?  The only exception allowed, said  elsewhere,
is that voluntary celibacy for spiritual purposes may be chosen by some  
people.
Otherwise it applies across the board to everyone  -including Jesus'  
disciples,
most of whom were married. And it applies to males who are attracted to 
other males even though they know that such attraction is a serious defect, 
indicating major psychological damage. The remedy for such problems is  
marriage
with an opposite sex partner. Which , in any case, is good for each  
individual
involved and is definitely good for society.
.
If it isn't clear to you that Jesus  was a champion of normal heterosexual 
behavior
then either you aren't very bright or your mind has been badly  compromised
by belief in dysfunctional Left-wing ideology.
.
Jesus' views are reflected throughout the New Testament, especially in the  
Epistles
of the Apostle Paul who repeatedly condemns sodomy, but also in I Peter,  
Jude,
and the Apocalypse. In all, adding up both testaments, there are 30  
explicit
condemnations of homosexuality in the Bible for which there are
no exceptions. This is basic to both Judaism and Christian faith.
.
To make this totally obvious, homosexuality is absolutely incompatible  with
either Jewish faith or Christianity. 
 
So, if imitation of Christ is a necessary objective,  you do not have  the 
option
of harboring views like those of  most movie stars, most political  
officials, 
or most journalists or academics. You won 't "fit in" with people who
have become acolytes of today's "opinion leaders." You simply won't.
Get used to the idea because that is the price to pay for authentic 
Christian faith. It is a faith that requires a backbone. It may also  
require 
real-life sacrifices of status, time, and well-being.
 
As Soren Kierkegaard knew all too well, Christian faith is not for  
conformists.
When something called "Christianity" becomes conformist that is exactly 
when it ceases to be Christian faith. You cannot compromise away the 
Kingdom of  Heaven and still have that kingdom in your heart.
 
Who, then, are the best models to have to guide you in a Christian  life?
 
There is someone else who I could never live up to but who has been
an inspiration from the time I first heard of him in the 1950s. He  lived
until 1965, much of his time at his hospital in  Lambaréné, what was  then
French Equatorial Africa  -now the nation of Gabon. 
 
Albert Schweitzer had won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1952, an era when the  
prize
actually meant something. And he not only gave away copious amounts  of
medical care to African natives, much of it paid for by himself and his  
wife,
-who, by the way, had Jewish background-   much else paid for by  donations 
from Christian people, but he kept his mind alive through his deep interest 
in philosophy and theology as well as in the music of Johann Sebastian  
Bach. 
Schweitzer was recognized as one of the greatest interpreters of  Bach  in 
his era. 
He was a well known organist who did much to inspire the revival of  organ 
music 
and organ building that came about in those years. Schweitzer's playing was 
recorded on a number of  LPs some of which are now available on CD  format.
 
As a writer he is best known for his 1906 book,  The Quest  of the 
Historical 
Jesus, which has inspired two large scale  "quests" by small armies of 
scholars 
of religion,  but he also wrote The Psychiatric  Study of Jesus, published 
in  1911. 
This short book is a defense of Jesus against  detractors of the time who 
were 
arguing that Jesus was psychologically disturbed. Schweitzer regarded that 
view 
as completely unjustifiable and set out to use the discipline of psychology 
as he 
knew it to demonstrate Christ's complete mental wellness. Schweitzer also  
wrote  
Paul and His Interpreters, a 1912 publication of  substance, analyzing how 
various thinkers have viewed the Apostle in the course of  history.
 
Schweitzer's fame in philosophy followed from two things, first, the  fact 
that 
he was a Kant scholar, and second, as a result of  his 1923  book, actually
a 4 volume opus never completed that was partly published while he was  
still
alive, everything eventually edited into a (thick) one volume version  
called  
The  Philosophy of Civilization.  It is in that book  that Schweitzer 
introduced 
the concept of  "reverence for life," which became his credo from that time 
 onward.
However,  Schweitzer also wrote Indian Thought and Its  Development,
published in  1935, in which he examined, in depth, the philosophies of   
India
from the  remote past to the 20th century. Most of the book, by far, deals 
with   Hindu philosophies of different kinds, but there are four  chapters
devoted to  Buddhism,  including 2 chapters  entitled:
Buddhism in  China, Tibet and Mongolia, and
Buddhism in Japan.
 
Schweitzer also wrote an autobiography,  Out of My Life and  Thought,
published in 1933, and still other books not noted  here.



 
Exactly how  do you do better than that?
 
His life in  Africa was incredible by any standards. Not that there weren't 
 problems.
Among them  was the fact that many of the native people he and his wife   
-who
was a  nurse-  treated.  Theft was endemic and many of the patients 
believed  in
a variety of  superstitions that complicated the work of the medical staff  
 -hence
the need to  physically watch patients take their medicines since  otherwise
they might  not take them at all or take too much at one time,
 
African  custom was also a factor. Entire families would accompany a  
patient
to the  hospital and they needed to be fed and given some kind of  shelter.
Which  Schweitzer was willing to do  -at least if those who were  healthy
contributed  to the work of the hospital. Some did, some did some of the  
time,
and some  shirked their responsibilities every chance they got.
 
In the first  years the word "hospital" was almost a joke. The first 
building was 
a small shed  that was on the property that had to be remodeled and made  
fit
for any kind  of medical use. Hence a good deal of Schweitzer's time had  to
be spent  constructing facilities for medical care. Meanwhile families
showed up and  camped on the premises giving the place a look of
squalor. But  there were almost no extra resources to allow a
better  solution to the problem.
 
WWI  intervened and the Schweitzers, as German citizens, became prisoners 
of  war.
In that case  this was a blessing in disguise. The French treated them  
reasonably
well  and the enforced separation  from the hospital saved them from  even
worse  exhaustion than had befallen them.  After four years of virtually  
non-stop
work the  Schweitzers were not only exhausted, their health was in  
jeopardy.
.
Finally, in  1918, the Schweitzers were relocated back to Europe and at 
war's end 
they returned  to Germany. Frau Schweitzer's health had been ruined and  
Albert's 
wasn't much  better -but he finally recovered and was able to resume  
something 
like a  normal  existence. He was also impoverished, however, and  it took 
years 
to rebuild something like a remunerative career. With a new  source of 
funds 
he was able  to plan his return to Lambaréné in the jungle.
 
It was during  these years after WWI that Schweitzer did most of his
scholarly  work, writing his best known books. He also gained a  reputation
as a lecturer  and earned money on speaking tours. From that came a 
network of  new friends and, at last, outside help for reconstructing
his mission  in French Equatorial Africa.
 
The  reconstruction took place in stages. His wife stayed in Germany from 
then on, both  for reasons of  health and because of their baby  daughter.
So Albert  spent some years at the mission, other years back home
in Europe. 
 
Lambaréné, as  it became, was to consist of 70 medical buildings, not  
counting
housing that  was constructed for the visiting families, sometimes several  
hundred
"guests" on  the premises at any one time. There were also orchards, 
created 
over the  course of many years, so that a good part of the food needs of  
visitors
could be met  from natural abundance.
 
Schweitzer,  in keeping true to his newfound philosophy of  reverence for  
life,
also took  care of a large assortment of animals who found their way to
the hospital,  stray dogs and cats mostly, plus an informal aviary. Three
pelicans were  Albert's "pets,"  Tristan, Parsifal, and Lohengrin.
 
Volunteers  came to Lambaréné from all parts of the world, and by the
time the  institution had become fully functional in the 1950s,   resources
materialized  from just about everywhere; people wanted to  give
what they  could so that Schweitzer's work could continue. This meant
free medical  care for about 7000 patients every year although he did
ask for  contributions, whatever a patient's family could afford, to  help
defray costs.  And so Lambaréné's assets sometimes included live
poultry,  sacks of grain, and bolts of cloth.
 
During his  sojourns back in Europe, Schweitzer met with a wide variety  of
people you  might think he would never associate with, like Bertrand  
Russell,
the noted  philosopher and outspoken agnostic. In that case what brought 
the two men  together was the fact that each felt passionately that  atomic
weapons  needed to be limited. But Schweitzer was able to get along  with
others  sometimes regardless of their views  -as long as there was  some
common ground  they could agree upon.
 
The hospital  mission, for example, was under control of  what we  might
call  religious fundamentalists  -and they had little use for  Schweitzer's
critical  scholarship and modern philosophy. This problem was resolved
by an  agreement to the effect that while on hospital grounds  Albert
would stick  to medical treatment only; what he did while he was in 
Europe was  his business. 
 
It might also  be mentioned that he was a distant relative of Jean Paul  
Sartre.
Albert's  cousin, Anne-Marie Schweitzer Sartre, was Jean Paul's  mother.
Schweitzer and Sartre met on only one occasion, a sort of  armed  truce,
since each knew about the other's views and their two sets of  ideas
could not possibly have been more different.
.
This is the story of Albert Schweitzer, a man among men, true in every  way
to his Christian faith but at the same time someone entirely at home in  the
world of ideas and himself a philosophical thinker of importance. As  he
said to his patients at Lambaréné, "thank Jesus who sent the doctor,  and
seek Christ's guidance for your own life." Yet he not only passively  saw
the value in the religions of the East,  he spent considerable time  
studying
Hinduism and Buddhism and appreciated their contributions to  religious
thought. He also, like the Apostle Paul  -maybe this was his  inspiration-
was familiar with Greek philosophy and philosophy generally and  regarded
it as useful to any thinking person. Paul's knowledge of philosophy, in  
case
you aren't aware of this fact, is documented in Acts 17:  16-28.
.
All of which is overwhelming testimony to the effect that Schweitzer was  an
heroic figure of the first rank among anyone who has ever lived. His  
self-chosen
motto was:  "My Life is My Argument."  And that  it was.
.
Not only that, Schweitzer remained active as a medical missionary well into 
 his 80s.
No-one could possibly have asked more of him. And with no question at  all,
he is one of my greatest personal heroes, an inspiration like no other.  
About whom,
however, I can never live up to. Not remotely. Just to think about him is  
to
realize how far I fall short of his example. Yet he is an example and a  
voice
in my conscience. 
.
The question has always been, simply put, can I be at least a  little like 
him?
Even that is asking a lot of myself  -especially given my admitted  flaws.

-- 
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