Billy,

Well done!

// Lennart

On Fri, Jun 10, 2016 at 12:49 PM, Centroids <[email protected]>
wrote:

> Hi Billy,
>
> Impressive.  Did you intend this as your first column for Mile's forum?
>
> E
>
> Sent from my iPhone
>
> On Jun 9, 2016, at 23:43, BILROJ via Centroids: The Center of the Radical
> Centrist Community <[email protected]> wrote:
>
>
> *The Crossroads of Faith and the 21st Century *
>
> *The Quest for Objectivity about Religion*
>
> By*:* Billy Rojas
> .
> .
> .
> Religion is the "third rail" of American politics. Say the wrong thing
> about religion
> and a politician has no future in public life. But what if religious faith
> really
> matters to you? In that case, silence about religion is a betrayal of your
> character, a denial of your true self, and a crime against your conscience.
> .
> This said, most people are essentially clueless about how to speak
> about religion, or to write about religion. They are uneducated to the
> subject,
> they define it in subjective terms as if objectivity is impossible.
> They make
> any number of assumptions that other people do not think are true at all.
> And they take the view that questions of faith necessarily are private in
> nature
> and based on nothing but opinions. However, these views are indefensible.
> .
> Not only this, such an outlook is self-defeating. This is true across the
> board
> but is especially true with respect to politics. *Unless* you are
> educated to
> religion you cannot have a future in politics, this is the new truth of the
> 21st century even if we may still be some years from understanding
> this fact, before the message sinks in and becomes a taken-for-granted
> truism which no-one would dream of denying for fear of looking
> like a simpleton.
> .
> Before taking these observations further, however, three questions need to
> be answered*:*  (1) What does any of this have to do with Radical
> Centrism?
> A related question is*: * (2) In what way is the study of religion useful
> in the
> world of politics?  And we must ask*:*  (3) How can anyone be objective
> about
> religion*;* isn't faith, by definition, a matter of personal experience?
> In fact,
> isn't experience  -visions, emotions, inexplicable encounters with the
> unseen-  what it is all about, beyond rational analysis?
> .
> However, while these questions may seem reasonable to most people,
> each is based on blissful ignorance of what religion as a phenomenon
> is really all about. Regardless, precisely because few people know
> what they are talking about when discussing religion, it is necessary
> to provide telling answers that break through the misconceptions that
> get in the way of seeing religion objectively.
> .
> Here, then, are the answers to the questions*:*
> .
> *(1)*  Basic to Radical Centrism is the fact that most of the time Left
> vs. Right
> views of issues are misleading or even totally wrong in conception.
> Note that this is about Radical Centrism, not "centrism." As nearly
> everyone
> knows, centrism almost always starts with the assumption that the optimal
> solutions to problems involve compromise, generally half steps that get us
> to a moderate center that combines some views of Left and Right to arrive
> at
> a "blended" result. To be sure, sometimes, now and then, this kind of
> process
> is the best we can do. However, the basic principle of *Radical *Centrism
> is
> very different. "RC," as the philosophy is often abbreviated, is about
> combining the *strongest *principles or ideas offered by the Left and the
> Right
> in such a way that when looked at as a whole what we get is a rational mix
> of uncompromised ideas that, together, balance out. In most cases this
> mixture
> will also include at least a few ideas that cannot be classified as either
> Left or Right,
> that are "independent" in character.
> .
> Of course, when the issue is religion we may be talking about so-called
> modernists vs. traditionalists, or the contrast might be between the views
> of
> Theravada Buddhists and Mahayana Buddhists, and so forth. Which, by the
> way,
> should be enough to tell you that  -just in these two examples-  we are
> discussing
> large numbers of people. Of all Christians in the United States
> traditionalists
> outnumber modernists approximately 2*:* 1 or even more like 3*: *1. Of
> all Buddhists
> in Asia we are discussing the beliefs and values of  believers in Japan,
> Korea,
> China, Taiwan, and Viet Nam, for the Mahayana, vs. the beliefs of virtually
> all Buddhists in Thailand, Burma, and Sri Lanka, Cambodia, and Laos, who
> are Theravadins. That is, these kinds of distinctions  -and there are many
> more-
> are basic to just about all religions and may have little or nothing to do
> with
> liberals vs conservatives.  Or when there is a connection, as there is in
> America
> between modernists and the Left  vs. traditionalists and the Right, entire
> "other"
> considerations may be involved besides issues that typically exercise
> * political*
> Leftists or * political* Rightists.
> .
> Other examples of important distinctions are those between Mormons who
> trace
> their heritage to Brigham Young vs. those who look to Emma Smith,
> secularized
> Catholics vs. pietistic Catholics, observant vs. non-observant Jews, Parsi
> Zoroastrians vs. westernized diaspora Zoroastrians, or politicized Sufis
> vs. mystical Sufis. But the point can be made more clearly by looking at
> one case of this phenomenon as it has played out in America...
> .
> The conceit of the first generation of ecumenists, basically in the 1950s
> and 1960s,
> was that the way forward to promote religions tolerance in the United
> States
> was to assume that believers of different faiths should talk together to
> discuss their differences and meet in the middle. Everyone should be
> prepared
> to give up perceived purity of their beliefs and arrive at views based on
> a new
> synthesis of ideas, each new principle the product of compromises large
> and
> small. It was widely assumed that the only reasonable outcomes would
> reflect
> the views of mainline Christian groups even if, in some instances,
> there might
> be concessions to Jews, or Baha'is, or Evangelicals, or 'progressive'
> Hindus.
> .
> This did not work, it could not work, and among Christians of the World
> Council
> of Churches, it wasn't long before the eastern  Orthodox walked out*  en
> bloc*
> because of moral issues about which they said many American Protestants
> were
> excessively latitudinarian. Meanwhile, all appeals to traditionalists to
> join the
> ecumenical movement were dismal failures*; *they weren't interested and
> were
> highly critical of 'liberal' compromises with Hollywood values,  critical
> of
> liberal interest in economic grievances, and critical of liberal
> inattention to what
> we might call the psychological needs of Christians  -which they themselves
> characterized as inexcusable short-shrifting of spiritual experience.
> .
> There were also meetings between ecumenical Christians and believers of
> other faiths but these also pretty much came to nothing even if, here and
> there,
> private individuals discovered new truths, arrived at new insights, and
> found themselves with new friends from other cultures.
> .
> What is commonly assumed is that this takes us to an impasse and a
> necessary
> admission that nothing can be done. People who take a purely centrist view
> of these kinds of questions simply do not have any answers.
> .
> People who have a Radical Centrist outlook have any number of answers.
> .
> This is not to say that Radical Centrist solutions to problems may be
> regarded
> as acceptable to institutions. As things are in today's real world that
> may be
> very unlikely. However, the fault may have nothing to do with the quality
> of RC ideas and everything to do with institutional dependence on large
> sums of money, on legacy effects like seniority of an organization's
> officers,
> or its place in the power or prestige system. But a Radical Centrist
> solution
> may be very good for an individual or small group.
>
> The 'secret' is very simple*:  *Radical Centrism gives you permission to
> be
> a contrarian, to think for yourself, to have original ideas. Not for the
> sake
> of novelty or trendiness. For the sake of  truthfulness.
>
> The problem is that  -bizarre as it may sound-  our culture sometimes
> regards
> truth as a liability, not a necessity. This is obvious in politics, of
> course, which
> often operates on the basis of lies, deception, evasions, and spin, but
> this also
> can be a factor in the realm of religion. For example, which physical
> miracles
> reported in the Bible have been verified scientifically?  None*.*
>
> This is not to speak of personal spiritual encounters that may change
> lives
> dramatically, nor fortuitous coincidences, nor interpretations of real
> world events
> that are not necessarily miraculous but that can be understood that way.
> But did Moses part the Red Sea, did Jesus walk on water, did the walls of
> Jericho
> tumble down at the sounding of trumpets, did the Sun stand still in the
> sky
> to permit Joshua to win a battle, and so forth?  There is zero proof of
> any such
> events*;* they all are fictions, as is the Great Flood,  the rising from
> the dead
> of a large number of the deceased as reported in the Gospel of Matthew,
> and a literal reading of the poetic and beautiful story of the star of
> Bethlehem
> shining light beams like lasers directly down to a specific location on
> Earth.
>
> Another word for fiction is "lie."  Fictions may be white lies, falsehoods
> told for
> beneficial effect, it is no problem to take that view in many cases, but
> the fact
> is that none of these things happened. Which is a near universal problem
> because, bad as this is for Bible literalists, it is worse in other
> religions,
> most notably Hinduism and some schools of Buddhism. It isn't much of
> a problem in Islam which claims few miracles *per se*, but the Koran has
> another
> problem, namely falsification of history, like claiming that Alexander was
> a Muslim, which is preposterous, or asserting that a substitute was nailed
> to the cross at the crucifixion and that Jesus was spared from death.
> .
> There are much greater problems of deception than these however. Scholars
> now know, for example, that large parts of the Hebrew Bible were
> deliberately
> falsified, quite possibly by Ezra, to promote a monotheistic interpretation
> of ancient religion by editing originally henotheistic scriptures to make
> them
> denounce belief in a divine couple,  -Yahweh and his Asherah-  to demonize
> the Goddess, and claim that God is a hermit with no desire for the
> opposite sex.
> Whatever one thinks of any alternative theology, there is little dispute
> that
> the Torah and many other books of the Tanach were heavily edited in the
> ancient era past and falsified in the process.
> .
> Indeed, the evidence is overwhelming, and it does not matter if this
> upsets you
> or not. The facts speak for themselves.
> .
> There are similar problems in the New Testament with whole books, most
> notably
> the Pastorals, not written by the Apostle Paul despite claims to his
> authorship,
> and with the near impossibility of attributing James to Jesus' brother,
> considering
> that this text was written by a Greek speaker who knew literary Greek.
> James,
> from every indication, did not receive that kind of education*;* the
> conclusion is
> just about unavoidable that authorship of the Book of  James, as
> supposedly
> by James, is a case of false attribution.
> .
> The question is whether or not you value truth. Do you put truth above
> other virtues?
> We can allow for "white lies" and the kinds of fictions essential to drama
> and
> mythology, but what about everything else?  The fact is that we cannot even
> address this issue unless we recognize just how untruthful people often are
> -and this sometimes includes ourselves.
> .
> Part of the "project" of Radical Centrism is inspiring courage to face the
> truth,
> whatever that truth may be. This is a philosophical principle with major
> implications.
> Yes, arriving at a center is a virtue, but not at the expense of
> compromising
> away one's fundamental values. It is essential in Radical Centrism to
> accept
> the truths in any position you are evaluating for what they are.
> .
> Left and Right ideologies are "packages" of positions that serve a
> theory-derived
> purpose  -the emancipation of the working class, the defense of property
> rights,
> the necessity for free speech, among them. This does not say that their
> purposes
> are wrong just that as organizing principles they are insufficient. They
> are
> reductionist, they try to reduce all issues to one issue, and that isn't
> how
> the world works. Radical Centrism is a form of  "systems thinking,"  taking
> into account *all* relevant facts and ideas and truths.
> .
> As difficult as it is for some people to understand how this functions in
> the
> realm of politics, it is harder in the sphere of religion.
> .
> In effect, the idea being discussed here is much like a concept sometimes
> called "cafeteria Catholicism." There are Protestant versions of the same
> thing,
> Jewish versions, Buddhist versions, and so forth. Hinduism can almost be
> thought of as one vast cafeteria. The believer picks and chooses from
> the alternatives, arriving at a collection of ideas that satisfy his or her
> individual needs and desires. However, things are not so simple.
> .
> The reason is that there is a truth test involved in Radical Centrist
> thought
> that may or may not be present in other outlooks. It isn't enough to choose
> something, what is chosen needs to stand the test of  rightness and
> truthfulness.
> Is it really in your best interests?  Are you exchanging one fiction, one
> mythology, for another, or are you choosing truth?
> .
> This is anything but a screed in favor of Atheism. Metaphysics without God
> can be every bit as wrong as a metaphysics of God, or of many Gods.
> Besides, Atheism, in most forms, is two dimensional, flat, not cognizant
> of the depths of religion and the many functions of faith in the real
> world
> and throughout the real worlds of our evolutionary past.
> .
> Atheism is not only "soulless" in a formal sense but also soulless in
> a metaphorical sense, meaning unimaginative, cold rather than warm,
> superficial rather than psychological, and blandly ideological rather than
> painfully realistic. So it seems to me.
> .
> Yet this leaves plenty of room for criticism of religion. The principle of
> choice
> in matters of faith presupposes criticisms of views that you do not accept
> -otherwise why  would you have rejected those alternatives?  But  it does
> say that there are innumerable truths to find within religious experiences
> of all kinds. However, the objective is truth, not comforting fictions*:*
> The truth and nothing but the truth  -unless we are talking about drama
> or literature  -or story-telling that features engaging myths.
> .
> There is also a methodology. Masking good decisions about religious
> questions requires more than prayerful contemplation. There may  well be
> value in prayer, of course. This has been recognized from time immemorial.
> Mesopotamian sacred texts include many prayers and supplications, prayers
> and thanksgivings, prayers and reflections on the meaning of life and fate.
> There is something similar in many Pagan prayers of ancient Greece,
> it wasn't only Christians or Jews who prayed. Its just that prayers offer
> no guarantee of response to questions; besides, as the Apostle Paul said
> in various contexts, believers can and should avail themselves of the
> light of reason. Praying does not excuse anyone from the responsibility
> of problem-solving thinking. .
> .
> In case anyone has the interest I can tell you my own methodology  -which
> seems to work reasonably well, with the disclaimer, anyway, that I am
> responsible for my own mistakes.
> .
> It starts with dedication  to discovering unadorned truth as my highest
> intellectual
> value. If  I  have a mission in life it necessarily comes with the
> imperative to
> speak the truth, to expose falsehood and error, which, of course, is
> something
> that presupposes knowing truth. This is derivative of the example of
> Socrates
> and Diotima, the priestess who was his mentor, who showed him how to
> proceed to find the truth.
> .
> Not sure if this can be explained further, but at about age 17, not long
> before
> I headed off to college, I had read about  Socrates and was forever
> impressed
> by his example*; *he had made the value of seeking the truth absolutely
> clear.
> .
> This came with a methodology of his own, albeit filtered through
> Plato, which
> I was dubious about, but the worth of truth was undeniable. And it
> reinforced
> the message in sermons I had heard in Baptist church in previous years,
> the pastor citing the Apostle Paul saying, for instance*:* "Throw off
> falsehood,
> speak the truth to one another,"  and "let no-one deceive you with shallow
> arguments," and "look facts in the face," and "stop lying to one another."
> .
> But how are you supposed to do that?  It took a good deal of trial and
> error
> but essentially what made the best sense to me was to combine the insights
> of several philosophers and religious thinkers*: *Martin Luther, whom I
> bad
> discovered in high school, St. Thomas Aquinas, Des Cartes, Henri
> Saint-Simon,
> Kant, and Hegel. And the American pragmatists.
>
> To the list must be added *Sigmund Freud*, the first modern-era
> thinker that I know of  who made use of myths as paradigms for solving
> psychological problems. The one contribution from the Orient was
> not one particular thinker but a school of thought, *Zen Buddhism*.
> What Zen teaches that is invaluable to know, is that obvious solutions
> to problems are often wrong and ultimately waste your time. To find
> compelling answers that can stand any test it is vital to look for the
> unexpected, to be prepared to find surprises, to examine every serious
> problem from every conceivable angle, and not to be satisfied until you
> find the simplest, most elegant solution possible. This kind of idea
> is also known in a less complicated form in the philosophy
> of  William of  Ockham.
> .
> From *Luther* comes the idea that unless a problem really matters to you,
> viscerally, it probably isn't worth the effort. When it does matter to you
> give it all you've got. Do your very best.  When you do approach a problem
> what is necessary is  -to use modern idiom-  to turn on your "crap
> detector"
> and look for any and all nonsense embedded in a point of view you are
> examining. It is crucial to dispose of any and all superfluous or wrong
> ideas.
> In most cases such nonsense is there to be found. Look for it, its probably
> under your nose, and such "crap" must be eliminated. Which, not at all
> incidentally,
> was a view taught by Edward F. Carpenter, the founding headmaster of
> "Harlem Prep," aka, Harlem Preparatory School  -who invented the
> phrase "crap detector."
> .
> *Aquinas* was a towering intellect who devised a system of systematic
> correction
> of errors as essential to learning and defending truth. It isn't always
> necessary
> but it sometimes is, and in all such cases Aquinas set the example of what
> to do.
> Start by informing yourself of what your opposition is saying
> -conscientiously.
> Study the views of the "other side," know them as well as you know your
> own views. Then refute them decisively so that you have cleared the decks
> and the truth is there to be seen in contrast to every mistaken view. In
> other
> words, you need to have a fighting spirit, you need to utterly annihilate
> your
> opposition so that their views can clearly be seen as based on error.
> .
> *Des Cartes* taught the value of systematic doubt. Question everything,
> do not
> make assumptions about anything at all. Never start by defending views
> insisted upon by a religion or ideology  or school of thought.  Doubt it
> all and
> see where it takes you. No sacred cows allowed, no dogmas, and
> no words attributed to God. Use your intellect, be ruthless on your quest
> for truth, be thorough. Then, when you simply cannot doubt anything else,
> see what you have and build upon whatever solid truths are available to
> you.
> .
> Henri *Saint-Simon* was a *philosophe*  -moreso a popularizer of ideas
> than
> a philosopher as such-  whose one contribution to the subject of
> truth seeking was extremely important:  He recognized the fact that
> a combination of the methods of science with the task of discovering
> the truths of human existence should be entirely possible and, at the
> same time, reveal vital facts about our nature to us. Hence, and
> his reputation for this is well deserved, he is regarded as the father
> of sociology and the social sciences more generally. That is, it is not
> enough
> to deduce conclusions from established bodies of knowledge nor is it
> enough
> to use scientific method to delve into the secrets of the natural world.
> The methods of science should be applied to seeking truth about human
> beings
> as uncovered trough careful observation, controlled experiment, and
> study of empirical facts. That is, it is essential to approach almost
> every
> problem you want to solve the way a physicist approaches the study
> of atoms or energy*:* Accumulate facts,  maybe find out new facts through
> your own investigations, formulate an hypothesis that explains a
> phenomenon,
> test your theory trying to find its weaknesses, and don't imagine you
> have discovered an actual truth unless you have done everything
> necessary to be as certain as it is possible to get. This sets the bar
> quite high and most of the time this is more than anyone can accomplish,
> but at a minimum this model of finding truth should guide your work.
> .
> *Kant,* in effect, is the father of Radical Centrism. What is absolutely
> crucial
> to his system of thought is the problem of the "antinomies of reason."
> This will
> take a few paragraphs to explain but it is worth the time to think through
> his thesis about the functions of reason.  What follows is not, however,
> an analysis of metaphysics, Kant's original subject, but how his logic
> can produce valuable conclusions when applied to problems encountered
> in politics and religion. This is an interpretation of Kant but, you may
> agree,
> a useful interpretation.
> .
> What Kant noticed is the fact that we are regularly confronted with
> contrary
> claims about reality. This presents us with the problem of reason itself,
> our need to resolve contrary (or seemingly contradictory) assertions*: *
> We have free will vs. there is no such thing as free will. The Holy Spirit
> is female
> as characterized in the Hebrew Bible vs. the Holy Spirit is male, as
> described
> in the New Testament. Jesus was human but divine vs. Jesus was entirely
> human.
> Or, to go outside the realm of Biblical faith, into Taoism, truth
> manifests in
> the world of nature which we need to  live in harmony with vs. truth is
> found by  locating voids in nature, spaces that open our understanding
> to the realm of the sacred, something not possible through our usual
> perceptions the world around us.
> .
> How can we resolve these kinds of important questions? Each contrary view
> is powerful and persuasive.
> .
> The answer is that there would not be such contraries if our reason was not
> subject to limitations and prone to accepting illusions as objective facts
> when,
> of course, illusions are fictions. "True contraries," in other words,
> are due to inescapable distortions of reason. We are human beings,
> by definition we are flawed, imperfect, and subject to errors
> of judgement. It is in this realization that a solution to the problem
> of contraries can be found.
> .
> Maybe it isn't always the case, but one reason for the existence of
> contraries
> is the fact that each "talks past" the other. They aren't really in the
> same
> ballpark*;* each operates on the basis of a different set of assumptions.
> The task, therefore, is to unmask these assumptions and examine what each
> is really all about. Each is as strong as it is because each is founded
> on actual truths. To discover what is essential in antinomies it is
> necessary
> to change one's perspective, to rethink one's premises*;* only then
> can the solution emerge.
> .
> Here is an antinomy that matters greatly to millions of people*:*
> .
> The Bible is wholly consistent, there are no errors in its pages, it is
> authoritative for all things of concern to a spiritual life.
> vs*.*
> The Bible is inconsistent, there are errors of many kinds in its pages,
> it is not authoritative for much of anything.
> .
> .
> But what if the Bible is authoritative despite being imperfect?  What if
> there are both consistencies and inconsistencies?  What if there are
> both profound truths and a good number of errors? In this case
> each antinomy is untenable. Paradoxically, both are true *and  *false.
> .
> There is also a consideration that neither Jews nor Christians wish to
> think about.
> You can argue a case that, speaking of the Tanakh, the Old Testament,
> there really are two Bibles in one. This refers to a set of "books" of the
> Bible
> that are consistent with a henotheistic interpretation   -a God *and*
> Goddess
> interpretation. This refers to the following texts*: * Judges, Ruth,
> parts of
> Proverbs, notably chapters 8 and 9, Ecclesiastes, Song of  Songs, Esther,
> and Jonah. There also are passages in Genesis and other books that show
> evidence of an original composition far older than the monotheistic version
> we now have, which also are compatible with henotheistic views, Numbers 31
> and Malachi 1*:* 11,  for instance. This takes any debate to an entirely
> new
> level and raises many questions that radically challenge monotheistic
> views.
>
> About consistency and inconsistency, the observation can be made that
> there are examples of each in the Bible, in both testaments. Where there
> is undoubted consistency why shouldn't we make it clear that the book
> is authoritative to us?  There are historical *inconsistencies *between
> Judges
> and Joshua, for instance. In that case the court of appeal should be the
> historical and archaeological record. Sometimes we can eliminate
> inconsistencies
> by affirming the truth of some passages and discrediting other verses that
> simply cannot pass empirical tests of fact.
> .
> Where there is complete consistency, for example,  is with respect to the
> Bible's
> views  of sodomy, both male and female. There are at least 30 passages on
> the issue in the Holy Book and they all condemn same sex sexuality in all
> of its forms*;*  attempts by ersatz 'liberal' Christians to explain away
> these
> condemnations  have proven to be based on fallacies or on outright
> falsifications
> of obvious meanings. This leaves us with, for good reason,  complete
> rejection
> of homosexuality*;*  this repudiation is necessary to both  Jewish and
> Christian
> believers. You are free to disagree  -but not as a Christian or a Jew.
> No 'debate' is thinkable.  Nothing could be clearer.
> .
> These kinds of explanations will not satisfy either so-called
> "fundamentalists"
> or modernists but they do not need to do so. All that is necessary is that
> alternative explanations speak to the intellectual and "whole person" needs
> of some number men and women. In the future there may be many more
> than there are today. What is essential is establishing a truth  -so that
> it
> may grow in the awareness of people. In effect, Radical Centrism
> is about winning the war to establish truth  -against lies and deceptions
> and illusions. To borrow an adage attributed to Margaret Thatcher,
> "first win the argument, then win the election." This becomes*:*
> .
> First win the argument about the truth and then win converts to
> a new Cause. What is demonstrably true will prevail even if it takes
> more time than it should. Never underestimate the power of entrenched
> interests.  But always put truth first because it is the right thing to do.
> .
> *Hegel* is also important to Radical Centrists because he made it clear
> that
> truth may arise from competition  -or conflict-  between opposite
> positions.
> In fact, there are many examples of this phenomenon. A position is advanced
> that affirms a positive principle*;* this is called the Thesis. In due
> course
> as the Thesis plays out in the real world, problems with it arise since
> nothing is perfect in this life and a negative view arises in opposition
> *;*
> this is called the Antithesis. Finally, there is a clash between Thesis
> and Antithesis*;* the result is a new position that combines the truths
> in both the Thesis and Antithesis, discarding everything extraneous
> or incorrect. This is known as the Synthesis. Eventually the Synthesis
> serves as a new Thesis and the process repeats itself. Whether or not
> this is exactly how all tensions between ideas work out in life isn't
> critical,
> what *is *important is that something similar to this process takes place
> and is a guide to how Radical Centrists think about problems.
>
> An example of this Hegelian dialectic in operation might be the process
> whereby the excesses of the Catholic Church in the early 1500s led
> to Luther's criticisms and creation of a new and simpler form of Christian
> faith. When Henry VIII decided to break from Rome, however, he did not
> adopt the Lutheran model, he believed that a superior solution would be
> to retain many of the liturgical and organizational features of Catholicism
> but borrow Lutheran theology and basic values. You might also think
> of Lutheranism as a Thesis among Protestants that generated Calvinism
> as its Antithesis, only to be followed later by a Synthesis that we know
> today as the Baptist Church.
> .
> The *American pragmatists* are also important to Radical Centrists. Here
> the
> test of truth is practicality: Does it work?  Is an idea you think is true
> also useful?
> Something that is true may not have much value if there is no practical
> result.
> Practicality thus sets the agenda for philosophy : The search is not just
> for
> true conclusions but for meaningful truths that can have an impact in the
> real world  -as opposed to, for example, most questions of metaphysics
> or most formulations in logical positivism. Truths should "pay off"  -in
> education,
> in politics, in the realm of culture, and in making decisions about right
> and
> wrong in matters of religious faith on which you base your life.
>
> Additionally, allow me to mention a factor that adds further depth to
> everything else,
> an important lesson from my years as a *Baha'i*. This concerns the Baha'i
> view
> that spiritual truth is not limited to any single faith. I eventually
> rejected Baha'i
> theology which said that all religions are 'equal' in value, an outlook
> that fails
> empirical tests since by objective measures they simply are not equal, but
> the
> concept that many religions *have value* passes those tests with flying
> colors.
> Hence my practice to always, in questions of religion, make sure to take
> into account any relevant information about other religions besides
> my own when thinking about spiritual questions.
>
> Christianity is unique in aggregate but not in many or most of its
> particulars.
> There are parallels to Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, and ancient faiths of the
> Mid East concerning most issues of importance. And, if you are studying
> Buddhism you should never overlook its connections to Hinduism, Taoism,
> and Confucianism  -and Shinto only exists in Japan in association with
> the Dharma. Judaism has numerous connections with other religions
> depending on which period of history you are concerned with,
> since it had relationships with Zoroastrianism in the Exilic era,
> with Greco-Roman Paganism in the Hellenistic era, with Byzantine
> Christianity after that, and so forth. Whatever the issue  -the concept
> of salvation, baptism, morality, et. al.-  it is a really good idea to
> compare what you are investigating with examples from other faiths.
> You can be sure that you will find fresh insights
>
> Finally there is the subject of *sociobiology.* This obviously is not a
> type of
> philosophy, it is a science, the newest science in fact. The animating
> principle of sociobiology is that human beings are products of evolution
> and carry with us vestiges of our primate past  -or even mammalian past
> more generally.
>
> We are creatures who for whom adaptation is central to everything else.
> As individuals we adapt to the changing circumstances of our lives,
> as groups we adapt to new social realities, and as a species we are
> the product of numerous adaptations of the past.
>
> No matter how you look at ourselves we are biological beings
> whatever else we may also be. We do not exist outside of biology.
> This does not exclude other possibilities  -think of Arthur Clarke's
> science fiction scenarios whereby we can continue to live after death
> as organized electrons, not only religious scenarios where we live
> after death in a spiritual realm-  but what is undisputed is that we
> must focus attention on flesh-and-blood realities.
>
> As things are, our biological natures are congruent with the natures
> of other species, especially other primates, which is to say that we should
> not for a moment think that we have left our animal natures in the dust.
> We remain animals. Or as Christians put it, we are born in "original sin."
> This translates into the fact that we sometimes are selfish creatures,
> again and again we do stupid things, our passions often get the better
> of us, it is a struggle to lead moral lives, and on and on. None of us
> are remotely perfect*;*  we are collections of imperfections.
> .
> All of which simply says that any conclusions we reach must be consistent
> with the fact of our animal natures, with our innate sinfulness.
> Idealization
> of human-ness does nobody the least good because that point-of-view
> is unrealistic. Not because we are born "evil" but because we are born
> with  limitations and imperfections that sometimes cause harm to
> our self interests as well as the interests of others.
> .
> Radical Centrism, then, is far more than the view that the best policy in
> politics or in other areas of life is likely to be found in the center, or
> in
> some form of moderation. Radical Centrists generally agree with "centrists"
> about objectives but we approach problems in a very different manner.
> This is because Radical Centrism is a philosophy with its own way
> of thinking that ventures far beyond making things up as you go, beyond
> applied common sense, and beyond spontaneous responses to issues*.*
> Radical Centrism is a system of thought that*  makes demands on people.*
> It asks people to never stop learning, to educate themselves to new ways
> of problem solving, and it tells them that we can do far better than
> conventional ways of doing things.
> .
> Radical Centrism, to put it in such terms, is a graduate school for the
> mind.
> .
> Not that all of the methods I may use are possible to use in all cases*;*
> and sometimes some methods are inappropriate to particular problems.
> .
> The best way to think about Radical Centrist methodology is to conceive
> it as tools in a toolkit. Not every task requires a screwdriver or a
> micrometer
> or an adjustable wrench. But you are far better off if you have a variety
> of tools
> to choose from when confronted with most problems in life, including issues
> of religion. Moreover you have the freedom to add tools to your toolbox
> that are not mentioned here or anywhere else. You can invent new tools
> or think of new uses for existing tools. All that is asked is that your
> ideas
> are consistent with ideas expressed here, not in every detail since we are
> individuals and have individual needs, but in spirit.
> .
> Is the system just outlined the only possible Radical Centrist
> point-of-view
> about religion?  Of course not. However, this is a challenge to anyone
> who disagrees with that system or with particular parts of it. Someone can
> say, "well, I don't accept those views" or "I have better ideas," but if
> you do
> have objections or better ideas, what are they?
> .
> Radical Centrism is still a new philosophy, people who are part of RC are
> still exploring the possibilities, still working toward some kind of
> comprehensive
> outlook that can become generally popular. Here is my interpretation of
> what this outlook can be and should be. It is the product of years of
> careful
> thought on the questions discussed. If you believe your approach is
> superior
> it is up to you to tell everyone else your interpretation. Otherwise, my
> view
> could become associated with Radical Centrism in the public
> mind, unopposed.
> .
> I would prefer at least some discussion and debate and would welcome
> give-and-take. Have I thought of everything important? What have
> I overlooked?  What opportunities are not identified?  Are there errors
> of fact or logic? In short, I regard informed dissent as a blessing, not
> as a liability. All that I ask is that people who don't really know what
> they are talking about not waste everyone's time with half baked objections
> or irrelevant opinions. The "price of admission" to a serious debate
> is study, making yourself informed, taking the time to think through
> the important questions about religion in human life.
> .
> .
> In the realm of religion we really need other terminology besides "Radical
> Centrism."
> The problem with this phrase is that it is closely associated with
> politics and
> secular concerns more generally. We do not have agreed-upon nomenclature
> for the purposes of religion but as a suggestion 'spiritual Radical
> Centrism'
> might be called "crossroads theology." This is taken from the Old
> Testament /
> Hebrew Bible, from the  Book of Proverbs, especially chapter 8,
> which begins*:*
>
> "Hear how Wisdom lifts her voice and Understanding cries out.
> She stands at the crossroads, by the wayside at the top of  the hill*;*
> beside the gate, at the entrance to the city, at the entry, by the open
> gate
> she calls aloud*: *Men [people] it is to you I call, I appeal to every man
> *:*Understand you simple fools, what it is to be shrewd.
> You stupid people, understand what sense means.
> Listen!  For I will speak clearly, you will have plain speech from me,
> for I speak nothing but truth..."
> .
> .
> .
>
> --
> --
> Centroids: The Center of the Radical Centrist Community <
> [email protected]>
> Google Group: http://groups.google.com/group/RadicalCentrism
> Radical Centrism website and blog: http://RadicalCentrism.org
>
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-- 
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