Apologies in advance for this misuse of the List.  I was hoping someone 
would be checking the List on a Sunday that might have some personal 
knowledge of corporate structures and be able to answer couple of simple 
questions. (simple if you know the answer!)  I wouldn't bug the List but I 
need some validation/verification on Monday and thought that someone might 
be a corporate officer with more knowledge than I (which wouldn't take 
much) and be able to help.  Please respond privately so as to not impact 
the list traffic any further.  Thanks.

Please respond to: [EMAIL PROTECTED]

Obviously I'm not an attorney but I need to have a better understanding of 
the following issues.  I know that laws may vary state to state, and the 
opinions that I get may not be from attorneys either,  but a general idea 
of what is considered "normal" will help.

1. In a corporation, what provides the authority for an individual to 
obligate the corporation financially?  ie.
        a. Owners (or stock holders) are authorized by the fact that they are 
owners? (I don't think so, but I'm not sure.)
        b. Board members are authorized because they are Board Members. (again, I 
don't think so, but I'm not sure.)
        c. The Board normally specifically bestows the authority on to specific 
individuals in the organization (i.e CEO, CFO, etc) and grants such 
authority to others through approved policies and procedures (ie. a 
purchasing department and purchasing procedures.) - (I think this is 
probably the case)
        d. some combination of the above.

2. In a corporation, assuming that the corporate vail holds, which 
individuals, if any,  can be held responsible for the corporate 
liabilities?  I think the answer is "current board members" but again I am 
not sure.

I am sure that there are thousands of answers to the above given different 
scenarios but I am just looking for the "normal and usual" situation.

Thanks for any feed back and I understand that any such feed back is not 
Legal Advice.

Thanks again,
Michael Moser
  

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