The function you want is FindAllSubgraphsOfLengthMToN

http://www.rdkit.org/Python_Docs/rdkit.Chem.rdmolops-module.html#FindAllSubgraphsOfLengthMToN

This returns bond indices, to convert them into a molecule see Chem.PathToSubmol

An example of use is here:

https://sourceforge.net/p/rdkit/mailman/message/29977419/

Once you have a molecule you can make a smarts pattern with MolToSmarts 
although this is probably not necessary as you probably want to make a 
canonical smiles for comparison purposes.

----
Brian Kelley

> On Jun 3, 2016, at 2:37 PM, Yannick .Djoumbou <y.djoum...@gmail.com> wrote:
> 
> Hi all,
> 
> Recently started using RDKit and I am quite happy with all the functions it 
> provides. Thanks for contributing to the development of such a great tool.
> 
>  I have two distinct sets of compounds, one active and another is inactive, 
> and I am trying to get a list of fragments (branched, unbranched, cyclic, 
> acyclic) represented as SMARTS, that can help distinguish elements from those 
> two sets.
> 
> 1) First, given a compound x, is there a method that could return all the 
> possible fragments from (lets ay from a min length to a max length) as SMARTS 
> ?
> 
> 2) Is there a function that takes a set of compounds and returns a list of 
> patterns with their distribution across the set?
> 
> 2) Cold you suggest a good method to approach this problem I presented 
> earlier using RDKit?
> 
> 
> Thank you for your consideration.
> 
> Regards,
> 
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