kabo87777 opened a new pull request, #16566:
URL: https://github.com/apache/iotdb/pull/16566

   # Fix Non-Deterministic Behavior in AggregationDistributionTest
   
   ## Problem
   The test `testAggregationWithMultiGroupByLevelNode` was failing 
non-deterministically under NonDex with a 40% failure rate due to 
order-dependent fragment access.
   
   ## Way to Reproduce
   
   ```bash
   cd iotdb-core/datanode
   mvn edu.illinois:nondex-maven-plugin:2.1.1:nondex \
     
-Dtest=AggregationDistributionTest#testAggregationWithMultiGroupByLevelNode \
     -DnondexRuns=5
   
   # Expected: Test fails with certain NonDex seeds (e.g., 1016066, 1098954)
   # Failure: AssertionError at line 367 when assertions expect specific 
fragment order
   ```
   
   ## Root Cause
   The test accessed fragment instances by fixed array indices (`get(0)`, 
`get(1)`), assuming they would always appear in a specific order:
   
   ```java
   // Assumed fragment 0 has descriptor pattern 1
   verifyGroupByLevelDescriptor(expectedDescriptorValue,
       fragmentInstances.get(0)...);
   
   // Assumed fragment 1 has descriptor pattern 2  
   verifyGroupByLevelDescriptor(expectedDescriptorValue2,
       fragmentInstances.get(1)...);
   ```
   
   When NonDex shuffled collection iteration order during distributed query 
planning, fragment instances appeared in different orders, causing the test to 
fail even though the query plan was semantically correct.
   
   ## Solution
   Made the test **order-independent** by iterating through all fragments and 
pattern-matching against expected descriptors instead of accessing by index:
   
   1. **Iterate through all fragments** instead of assuming fixed indices
   2. **Pattern-match descriptors** to identify which fragment has which 
expected pattern
   3. **Verify both patterns exist** regardless of order
   
   ```java
   boolean foundFirst = false;
   boolean foundSecond = false;
   
   for (FragmentInstance instance : fragmentInstances) {
     // Extract GroupByLevelNode from fragment
     PlanNode childNode = planNodeTree.getChildren().get(0);
     if (!(childNode instanceof GroupByLevelNode)) continue;
     
     GroupByLevelNode groupByLevel = (GroupByLevelNode) childNode;
     if (matchesExpectedDescriptor(groupByLevel, expectedDescriptorValue1)) {
       foundFirst = true;
     } else if (matchesExpectedDescriptor(groupByLevel, 
expectedDescriptorValue2)) {
       foundSecond = true;
     }
   }
   
   assertTrue("Expected to find fragment with single grouped path descriptor", 
foundFirst);
   assertTrue("Expected to find fragment with two specific paths descriptor", 
foundSecond);
   ```
   
   Added helper method `matchesExpectedDescriptor()` to check if a 
`GroupByLevelNode` matches expected descriptor patterns using set-based 
comparison.
   
   ---
   
   This PR has:
   - [x] been self-reviewed
   - [x] been tested with NonDex to verify non-determinism is eliminated
   - [x] passed all existing tests
   - [x] followed code style guidelines (spotless:apply)
   
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   <hr>
   
   This PR has:
   - [ ] been self-reviewed.
       - [ ] concurrent read
       - [ ] concurrent write
       - [ ] concurrent read and write 
   - [ ] added documentation for new or modified features or behaviors.
   - [ ] added Javadocs for most classes and all non-trivial methods. 
   - [ ] added or updated version, __license__, or notice information
   - [ ] added comments explaining the "why" and the intent of the code 
wherever would not be obvious 
     for an unfamiliar reader.
   - [ ] added unit tests or modified existing tests to cover new code paths, 
ensuring the threshold 
     for code coverage.
   - [ ] added integration tests.
   - [ ] been tested in a test IoTDB cluster.
   
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   <hr>
   
   ##### Key changed/added classes (or packages if there are too many classes) 
in this PR
   


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