Curioso a Apple ter fomentado no passado o HTML para apps! Para mim HTML é para fazer sites e blogs. Num marketplace que mais parece uma selva, para se manter no top 100 de cada categoria, é necessário fazer-se apps de topo e cada pedaço de recurso do sistema é muito bem vindo.
2014-06-06 10:50 GMT+01:00 APintex Gmail <[email protected]>: > > > http://appleinsider.com/articles/14/06/04/apples-top-secret-swift-language-grew-from-work-to-sustain-objective-c-which-it-now-aims-to-replace > > Apple's top secret Swift language grew from work to sustain Objective C, > which it now aims to replace > > > Wednesday, June 04, 2014, 01:12 pm PT (04:12 pm ET) > > Feature By Daniel Eran Dilger <http://twitter.com/danieleran> > Work on Swift--Apple's surprise new programming language unveiled at > WWDC--started development four years ago in conjunction with efforts to keep > Objective C relevant. Swift now aims to quickly replace Objective C for > modern Cocoa development on iOS and OS X. > > [image: LLVM] > > > Rather than being an entirely new "beta" idea, work on Swift started in > the summer of 2010, according <http://nondot.org/sabre/> to the new > language's originator Chris Lattner (below), who has worked at Apple since > 2005. Lattner is probably best known for LLVM, the Low Level Virtual > Machine compiler infrastructure project with a wyvern dragon mascot (above). > > LLVM: A new compiler for Objective C > > LLVM originated > <http://appleinsider.com/articles/08/06/20/apples_other_open_secret_the_llvm_complier/page/1> > as Lattner's research project while a student at the University of > Illinois, Urbana-Champaign in 2000. It was first publicly released as > version 1.0 in 2003. In 2004, Lattner was a summer intern at Microsoft > Research, where he worked on the Phoenix complier infrastructure, working > to allow LLVM to compile and run .NET code. > > [image: Chris Lattner] > > > Lattner caught the attention of Apple after posting questions about > Objective-C to the company's objc-language mailing list. Apple in turn > began contributing to Lattner's LLVM open source project in 2005 and > subsequently hired Lattner and began funding his work. > > In 2007, the LLVM project released Clang <http://clang.llvm.org>, a front > end code parser for Objective C/C/C++ aimed to provide fast compiling with > low memory use, expressive diagnostics, a modular library-based > architecture, and tight integration within an IDE such as Apple's Xcode. > > In addition to the "pure" LLVM Clang project, Lattner also proposed > integrating the new LLVM, featuring its advanced code optimizer and code > generator, into the existing GCC (GNU C Compiler), adding modern methods > for "aggressive loop, standard scalar, and interprocedural optimizations > and interprocedural analyses" missing in the standard GCC components that > had long been a core element of the development tools in Unix operating > systems like Apple's OS X. > > GCC's support for Objective C, the primary development language of Apple's > OS X Cocoa (and NeXTStep, its historical predecessor), had grown stagnant, > so Apple's motivation for funding the open development of both Clang and > LLVM-GCC involved keeping the Mac's Objective C relevant as a language. > > Apple began aggressively using LLVM in OS X, providing LLVM-GCC to its Mac > developers in order to provide access to the new LLVM compiler and benefit > from its code optimizations without requiring substantial changes to their > workflow based on the previous GCC. > > The company also integrated LLVM into the OpenGL stack > <http://lists.cs.uiuc.edu/pipermail/llvmdev/2006-August/006492.html> of > OS X 10.5 Leopard in 2006, and leveraged LLVM to help in migrating the Mac > to Intel beginning in 2005 and to the ARM architecture for the iPhone in > 2007. > > By the 2012 release of OS X Mountain Lion and iOS 6, Apple had moved > entirely to Clang, leaving both LLVM-GCC and GCC behind. LLVM not only > powers Apple's software, but is also tightly integrated into the > development of Apple's custom silicon, including the A6 and A7 Application > Processors. > > LLVM also plays a key role in other Apple technologies, from the LLDB > debugger to new APIs including Metal > <http://appleinsider.com/articles/14/06/04/>, Apple's new layer for high > performance graphics on iOS that exposes the graphics capabilities of the > newest A7 with the least possible overhead, delivering a significant > performance boost over using the more general purpose OpenGL. > > Swift: A new language for LLVM > > By 2010, LLVM's solution to GCC's stagnant Objective C support created a > new scenario where LLVM could now support more features than could be > easily added to Objective C. Lattner began working on a new programming > language that summer, and a year later was joined by "a few other (amazing) > people." > > By July 2013, Lattner noted that the new Swift project had become "major > focus for the Apple Developer Tools group." It remained a secret > <http://appleinsider.com/articles/14/06/03/monday-at-wwdc-apple-delivers-big-surprises-as-most-predictions-ended-up-wrong> > to the public for the next year. Lattner notes in his resume > <http://nondot.org/sabre/Resume.html#Apple> that he "took over management > and leadership of the entire Developer Tools department at Apple" at the > beginning of 2013. > > "In addition to compilers and low-level tools," Lattner notes, "I am now > responsible for the Xcode IDE, Instruments performance analysis tool, Apple > Java releases, and a variety of internal tools. Xcode 5 is the first result > of this work, though much of the feature planning and implementation was > complete before I took over. I drove convergence and defined a few key > features that were released at WWDC." > > Lattner noted that the new Swift language "is the product of tireless > effort from a team of language experts, documentation gurus, compiler > optimization ninjas, and an incredibly important internal dogfooding group > who provided feedback to help refine and battle-test ideas. Of course, it > also greatly benefited from the experiences hard-won by many other > languages in the field, drawing ideas from Objective-C, Rust, Haskell, > Ruby, Python, C#, CLU, and far too many others to list." > > Apple's free iBook on Swift > <https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewBook?id=881256329> > also notes that "Swift has been years in the making," adding that "Apple > laid the foundation for Swift by advancing our existing compiler, debugger, > and framework infrastructure. > > "We simplified memory management with Automatic Reference Counting (ARC). > Our framework stack, built on the solid base of Foundation and Cocoa, has > been modernized and standardized throughout. Objective-C itself has evolved > to support blocks, collection literals, and modules, enabling framework > adoption of modern language technologies without disruption. Thanks to this > groundwork, we can now introduce a new language for the future of Apple > software development.""Swift is the first industrial-quality systems > programming language that is as expressive and enjoyable as a scripting > language" > > The company also observes that Swift "is friendly to new programmers. It > is the first industrial-quality systems programming language that is as > expressive and enjoyable as a scripting language." > > Apple also draws attention to the integration between Swift and LLVM, > noting that the new language "combines the best in modern language thinking > with wisdom from the wider Apple engineering culture. The compiler is > optimized for performance, and the language is optimized for development, > without compromising on either." > > Swift's Interactive Playgrounds & REPL > > Lattner also commented on two new features associated with Swift: Xcode's > new Playgrounds (below) and REPL (Read-Eval-Print-Loop) debugging console. > > > > "The Xcode Playgrounds feature and REPL were a personal passion of mine, > to make programming more interactive and approachable," Lattner noted. "The > Xcode and LLDB teams have done a phenomenal job turning crazy ideas into > something truly great. > > "Playgrounds were heavily influenced by Bret Victor's ideas > <http://worrydream.com/#!/LearnableProgramming> [which are cited as a > inspiration for Khan Academy's online environment for learning to program > <http://www.khanacademy.org/computing/cs>], by Light Table > <http://www.chris-granger.com/lighttable/> [an open source IDE designed > to provide realtime feedback about code and how programs work] and by many > other interactive systems. > > "I hope that by making programming more approachable and fun, we'll appeal > to the next generation of programmers and to help redefine how Computer > Science is taught," Lattner stated. > > Apple's presentation of Swift notes that "Playgrounds make writing Swift > code incredibly simple and fun. Type a line of code and the result appears > immediately. If your code runs over time, for instance through a loop, you > can watch its progress in the timeline assistant. The timeline displays > variables in a graph, draws each step when composing a view, and can play > an animated SpriteKit scene. When you've perfected your code in the > playground, simply move that code into your project." > > The company states that Xcode's Playground lets users "design a new > algorithm, watching its results every step of the way; create new tests, > verifying they work before promoting into your test suite; experiment with > new APIs to hone your Swift coding skills." > > Apple notes that the REPL debugging console in Xcode "includes an > interactive version of the Swift language built right in. Use Swift syntax > to evaluate and interact with your running app, or write new code to see > how it works in a script-like environment." > > Apple says it plans to rapidly evolve Swift in response to developers > needs and feature requests. > > Thinkful, an education startup focused on mentor-led programming > education, has already announced plans to offer a course on developing in > Swift <https://www.thinkful.com/a/dlp/learn-blue/base/IOS-002>, in a > program that begins July 16. > > -- > Recebeu esta mensagem porque subscreveu ao grupo "Mailing List da > Comunidade Portuguesa de Rich Internet Applications - www.riapt.org" do > Grupos do Google. > Para anular a subscrição deste grupo e parar de receber emails do mesmo, > envie um email para [email protected]. > Para publicar uma mensagem neste grupo, envie um email para > [email protected]. > Visite este grupo em http://groups.google.com/group/riapt. > Para mais opções, visite https://groups.google.com/d/optout. > -- Recebeu esta mensagem porque está inscrito no grupo "Mailing List da Comunidade Portuguesa de Rich Internet Applications - www.riapt.org" dos Grupos do Google. 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