Politicus: Europe needs to decide how to live with Islam John Vinocur International Herald Tribune TUESDAY, JULY 26, 2005
PARIS Europe has a particularly hard time dealing with Islamic terrorism from within because effectively confronting it in the long term means making and enforcing new, clearer definitions of how much Islam it can live with inside its borders. It is a horribly awkward issue: Beyond the obvious police work, it involves defending not only Muslims' rights, but European national identities against intimidation that would make it illegitimate for European countries to draw a line at the place they think multiculturalism and parallel societies must stop. The issue goes over the heads of the homegrown terrorists themselves. It involves combating political attempts from inside European society to turn into intolerance, fascism or hysteria every expression of resolve countering Islamic groups that reject European notions of democracy. Control imams preaching hatred and violence? Search and detain suspects who fit the description of terrorist attackers with Yorkshire accents and European passports? Insist that Britain, France, the Netherlands or Germany have the right to demand the subordination of religion-based traditions to their own national laws and norms? Or argue that Islam's ultimate compatibility with European humanism is in question, even with a little more care and a little extra sensitivity (or submission) on offer from the European side? These questions are a long way from finding answers representing a European consensus. But there they are, solidified at the weekend by the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung's publication of findings from a study called "Quantitative Analysis of Terrorism and Immigration" by the Nixon Center in Washington, which concludes that the biggest group of Islamic terrorists active in Europe and North America over the past decade have had either Western nationality or are immigrants to the West. This is not easy stuff to take on in a Europe whose future has been described blissfully as that of a soft-power superpower, less respectful of muscle than persuasion, by José Manuel Barroso, the European Commission president. Or whose difficult reality - including the exponential arithmetic of Muslim population growth and of the lack of common guidelines for Muslim assimilation - was compounded by the implicit rejection of a European identity in the French and Dutch no votes on a European constitution. On this line, Le Figaro talked in Leicester over the weekend with Hassan Patel, whom the newspaper described as the spokesman of a federation of Islamic student groups in England. Patel had his own view on where the frontier lay between parallel societies (the de facto situation of dozens of Muslim communities in Europe) and the purview of a country like Britain to insist that its standards hold sway everywhere, without footnotes or restrictions. His notion read a bit like a warning: "The authorities won't be able to impose a secularized Islam on the Muslims against their will. If Britain takes discriminatory measures against the Muslims, young people's frustration will only mount and the cases of suicide attacks will develop." These intimidating terms make a kind of test case for the rest of Europe out of Britain's stated will to more sharply define its relations with its Muslims. Positive results might well reiterate the necessity for European tolerance, but also demarcate the parameters of respect Muslim immigrants have to demonstrate for Europe's laws and traditions. With some exceptions, notably in the Netherlands and to a lesser degree in France, this is a task whose extent has remained outside comfortable discussion in Europe. Bernard Kouchner, the outspoken French Socialist and former cabinet minister, who for years has ranked first in national polls of preferred opposition politicians, signaled the immense challenge of drawing new lines of compliance for Muslim communities. European laisser-aller, he told me, "has broken the framework of community that allowed the family to be maintained. We've killed the authority of the fathers in our countries. What's left over won't maintain discipline, schools in the ghettos don't, associations can't. We haven't demanded discipline on any level anywhere." Defining his idea of the struggle with fundamentalist aspects of Islam, Tony Blair now talks of an "evil ideology" and "barbaric ideas" to be fought "without compromise or delusion." But in some sectors of European opinion, the hedged response of the moment, like that after the Sept. 11 attacks on New York, can have the unspoken subtext of this-doesn't-apply-to-us, or we'll wait and see on committing. When the Bavarian interior minister, Günter Beckstein, said last week that terrorist attacks in Germany were not a question of whether but when - the same language used by London police officials months before the July 7 bombings - Süddeutsche Zeitung, the left-of-center Munich newspaper, savaged him, calling his evaluation dangerous, irresponsible and frightening for the public. Because Europe is torn by ideological differences - parts of its hard left have made multicultural egalitarianism a touchstone of anticapitalist decency - Spain's Socialist prime minister, José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, could say months after Madrid's terrorist bombings that he would not use the term Islamic terrorism because it seemed offensive. The British Broadcasting Corporation has a hard time calling Britain's own homegrown bombers terrorists, as if the BBC's charter of objectivity were brought into doubt by the word's terrible exactness. But there are also less politically correct approaches. Rita Verdonk, the Netherlands' right-of-center minister for integration, insists face-to-face in meetings with Muslim residents that they accept the standards and values of their Western host. In Blair's case, as much as a Verdonk might on a similar wavelength, his capacity to win the rest of Europe to his case for dealing with homegrown Islamic fundamentalist killers hardly finds strength in his aversion to pairing the issue with Iraq. Reality is that Islamic terrorism in Europe is emboldened by the situation in Iraq - but as has been argued in this space before, the incitation to violence in London or Madrid essentially lies in the coalition's incapacity to bring terrorism under control in Baghdad. Obviously, a component in Europe's homegrown attacks is not the supposed humiliation of Islam by American troops in pulling down Saddam's statue, but the television images that demonstrate the impunity of terrorism in Iraq now. Pushed, this notion may suggest that if Europe is going to ultimately defend itself against murder from within, it will have to address what more it can do to bring calm to Iraq. But unless Blair and George W. Bush act first and with renewed decisiveness there, how to fault the Europeans who find a risk they don't need to take now in confronting Islam inch by inch on the limits of its implantation on their turf? E-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://www.iht.com/bin/print_ipub.php? file=/protected/articles/2005/07/25/news/politicus.php *** sustineti [romania_eu_list] prin 1% din impozitul pe 2005 - detalii la http://www.europe.org.ro/euroatlantic_club/unulasuta.php *** Yahoo! Groups Links <*> To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/romania_eu_list/ <*> To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] <*> Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
