> > 2.    May I have an actor that does not interact with an 
UC? For 
> > example, I have two actors, CIC and PV, these actors have a 
parent 
> > actor called “CA”. If the actor “CA” does not interact 
>with 
an UC, is 
> > this a valid actor? And if only the actor “CA” interact 
with an UC, 
> > are “CIC” and “PV” valid actors?
> 
> There are few reasons why you might want to do this, but in
> general I'd agree with Les and say don't do it.  Remember,
> the underlying purpose of an Actor in UML is to document the 
> interaction between the system and a particular class of user
> of the system.  If there is no interaction, the actor tends 
to be
> superfluous.  There are, however, a few cases where showing
> such actors can, nevertheless, convey useful information
> about the system and its context, so I would say, if adding 
> these extra actors does indeed convey useful information,
> go ahead and add them.
> 
Let me give a brief example of situations where this occurs.

We have a series of actors using the system. I capture these in 
an actors diagram. Let's call them Manager and Developer.

Now the manager insists on having all the capabilities of a 
developer plus some of their own that the developer doesn't 
have.

When showing a developer interacting with the system, you also 
have to show the manager having the same capability. Now we 
can't have two actors initiating the use case (developer and  
manager). We don't want to duplicate the functionality of a use 
case. So we create a 'User' actor who takes the role of a 
developer + manager. Now whenever we want to show a developer 
initiating a use case we use 'user' instaed, to indicate that 
the manager may also be the initiator.

The developer is never shown on a use case diagram, but many 
would still feel it important to retain the role of a developer 
as an actor in the use case model.

Les.

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