Thanks,
I asked this because I did the Hartl tutorial and he uses this :
describe User do
before { @user = User.new(name: "Example User", email: "[email protected]") }
and this :
before_save { self.email = email.downcase }
And from googling I get the impression that this is not the right way so that
is why I asked here.
Roelof
Op zondag 10 augustus 2014 23:31:26 UTC+2 schreef Aaron Kromer:
> That’s a few questions. Let me see if I can provide a little perspective
> on them. *Note these are just my opinions and do not reflect any RSpec
> standard / best practice / recommendation / etc.*
>
> …is not wise to use before
>
> This is largely a matter of opinion. Now, you may have come across
> something stating that before(:all) or it’s new more intent revealing
> alias before(:context) is not wise to use. In general, I agree with this
> view. This is only run once before the entire example group (context) it is
> defined in. There are rare cases where this is what you need, but
> generally, it’s not what you need. It usually leaks mutable state across
> specs, which can have very surprising and difficult to debug consequences.
> It also has many caveats regarding DB state, transactions, and other system
> level dependencies.
>
> On the other hand, before(:each) or the new before(:example), which is
> the default if you just write before, it more acceptable to use. It is
> also normally what you want. It keeps state clean across specs, it hooks
> into transactions, rspec-mocks, etc. Unless you have a provable, with valid
> data showing it, case where this is detrimental to performance, it’s the
> proper choice.
>
> Personally, I feel before and let should be used sparingly. They should
> be reserved for cases when you mean to state: *“All of the following
> specs in this group really must have this setup action done before each of
> them.”*
>
> Note I wrote “setup action”. This does not apply to any action regarding
> the object under test. I personally believe those should not be put in any
> before block, but explicitly listed in the spec so that it is clear what
> you are testing, versus what is setting up the testing environment. Let me
> share a code sample explaining this view:
>
> RSpec.describe Array, "list of elements" do
> describe "popping the array" do
> let(:element_list) do
> [:first, :second, :last]
> end
>
> # This is the same as before(:each) or before(:example)
> before do
> element_list.pop
> end
>
> # Note we are **cannot** use the same setup state since we need to capture
> # the value
> it "returns the last value of the array" do
> expect([:first, :second, :last].pop).to eq(:last)
> end
>
> # Note it's very unclear what the test is doing just by looking at it. We
> # are describing an action on an Array instance. Yet, that isn't clear
> from
> # this spec at all, since all we see is that we check the array elements
> it "mutates the array removing the last element" do
> expect(element_list).to eq([:first, :second])
> end
> endend
>
> I’ve seen the above code “cleaned up” to be more expressive by converting
> it into something like:
>
> RSpec.describe Array, "list of elements" do
> describe "popping the array" do
> let(:array_with_elements) do
> [:first, :second, :last]
> end
>
> # This is idiom is often viewed as an implicit `before`.
> #
> # Except, it's not. It's only run once you send the `element_list`
> message.
> # If you do this in the wrong spot then it may lead to surprising tests.
> #
> # This often leads people to use bang form `subject!`, which is
> # functionally the same as:
> #
> # subject(:element_list) { ... }
> # before { element_list }
> #
> # But this is often not the right tool and can have some surprising
> issues:
> # http://aaronkromer.com/blog/2013-05-19-the-bang-is-for-surprise.html
> #
> # Additionally, using `subject` here, IMO, is just wrong. The subject is
> # not the element returned from `#pop`. It's a specific instance of
> # `Array`. We are testing the behavior of `#pop`.
> subject(:popped_element) do
> array_with_elements.pop
> end
>
> # Looks clean, but is misleading as to what is actually the subject of the
> # spec. Here it's the popped element, but in reality, it's the return
> value
> # of calling the action `pop`.
> it "returns the last value of the array" do
> expect(popped_element).to eq(:last)
> end
>
> # This turns out to appear trickier to test. Often the initial pass looks
> # something like this:
> #
> # expect(array_with_elements).to eq([:first, :second])
> #
> # That will fail though. Why? Because if we are not using the bang form of
> # `subject!`, a `before`, or something like `preload` (see blog link
> # above) then nothing is actually popped before this spec is run. Thus the
> # array is never mutated. Leaving `array_with_elements` unmodified.
> it "mutates the array removing the last element" do
> popped_element
> expect(array_with_elements).to eq([:first, :second])
> end
> endend
>
> I’ve also seen people go the following route, as well, it looks a bit
> cleaner:
>
> # Looks cleaner using ivars. In general, I am not a fan of ivars and instead#
> prefer to use local variables and message passing. This allows for clean#
> extractions of ideas / concepts without modifying lots of code.## For more
> details see this SO answer:
> http://stackoverflow.com/a/5359979/47438RSpec.describe Array, "list of
> elements" do
> describe "popping the array" do
> before do
> @element_list = [:first, :second, :last]
> @popped_element = @element_list.pop
> end
>
> # Looks clean, but is misleading as to what is actually the subject of the
> # spec. Here it's the popped element, but in reality, it's the return
> value
> # of calling the action `pop`.
> it "returns the last value of the array" do
> expect(@popped_element).to eq(:last)
> end
>
> # Again, looks clean, but is misleading. Here we are actually looking at
> # the real object under test (the proper subject). But, it's already
> # mutated. We still have to hunt down that mutation.
> it "mutates the array removing the last element" do
> expect(@element_list).to eq([:first, :second])
> end
> endend
>
> Another large issue I have with the last form above is it completely hides
> the mutation and behavior being tested in the before block. Just looking
> at the before block, it’s not obvious what is setup and what is being
> tested. It isn’t until I’ve read all of the specs, or a large number of
> them, that things become clear to me.
>
> This is why, I prefer a form more along the lines of:
>
> RSpec.describe Array, "list of elements" do
> describe "popping the array" do
> subject(:element_list) do
> [:first, :second, :last]
> end
>
> it "returns the last value of the array" do
> expect(element_list.pop).to eq(:last)
> end
>
> it "mutates the array removing the last element" do
> expect{ element_list.pop }.to change{ element_list }
> .from([:first, :second, :last])
> .to([:first, :second])
> end
> endend
>
> To me this is cleaner, more explicit, and more obvious what is happening.
> But I’m just one person.
>
> way to test validations
>
> I would test them just as I would any side-effect based protocol:
>
> RSpec.describe Admin, type: :model do
> describe "requires a name" do
> subject(:nameless_admin) do
> Admin.new(name: nil)
> end
>
> it "is not valid" do
> expect(nameless_admin.valid?).to be false
> end
>
> it "sets an error on the name attribute" do
> expect{ nameless_admin.valid? }
> .to change{ nameless_admin.errors[:name] }
> .from([])
> .to(include "can't be blank")
> end
> endend
>
> inout of a form by using capybara
>
> This is a bit broader. In general, I simply go to the web page, fill in
> the form, then check the response. These are usually feature type
> acceptance specs. When I write these, I sometimes don’t adhere to the “one
> expectation per spec” guideline. This is because I am often testing a
> workflow, and I need to validate my expected assumptions along the path.
>
> RSpec.describe "Signing up for the site", type: :feature do
> it "requires a name to be specified" do
> visit sign_up_url
> click_button "Sign Up"
> expect(current_url).to eq sign_up_url
> expect(page).to have_contenxt "Name can't be blank"
> endend
>
> Checkout the capybara readme (https://github.com/jnicklas/capybara) for
> more examples.
>
>
> Happy testing!
>
>
> Aaron
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