NOTES ON INSTALLING NMT RT-Linux Kernel-2.2.10+Beta11 ==================================================== ****> READ ALL THESE NOTES BEFORE PROCEEDING ... These notes pertain to kernel v2.2.10 and RT-Linux Beta11. Decide now if you require the kernel in bz2 or gz format. Since the beta11 real time extensions come in gz format, I will assume you get the kernel the same way. Caveat Emptor: these instructions worked for me. Your mileage may vay. Please report problems (but do not expect me to fix them). By the way, I am installing this on a dual Pentium II 350MHz with 256Mb of main memory so all of the below is just a good mornings work :-) 0. Login as root and watch your typing! CHECK HERE WHEN OK ______ 1. Get the appropriate kernel from ftp.kernel.org (if the load is too high try ftp.us.kernel.org or something appropriate to your country): % cd /usr/src % ftp ftp.kernel.org username: anonymous password: [EMAIL PROTECTED] ftp> cd pub/linux/kernel/v2.2 ftp> binary ftp> get linux-2.2.10.tar.gz ftp> quit CHECK HERE WHEN OK ______ 2. Move any old linux directory and unpack the kernel. % if [ -e linux ]; then mv linux linux.old; fi % gunzip -c linux-2.2.10.tar.gz | tar xvf - __OR__ % bunzip2 -c linux-2.2.10.tar.bz2 | tar xvf - CHECK HERE WHEN OK ______ 3. Go to the linux directory and prepare the kernel. Make sure the asm include directory points to the correct directory in the linux source tree for your architechture! % cd linux % rm /usr/include/asm /usr/include/linux /usr/include/scsi % ln -s /usr/src/linux/include/asm-i386 /usr/include/asm % ln -s /usr/src/linux/include/linux /usr/include/linux % ln -s /usr/src/linux/include/scsi /usr/include/scsi % make mrproper CHECK HERE WHEN OK ______ 4. Configure the kernel for your system. The command "make config" should work on any dumb terminal but I prefer to use the menu-driven X-interface: % make xconfig Remember to select SMP if you require it plus the enhanced real time clock support! CHECK HERE WHEN OK ______ 5. Make the dependencies and clean up before proceeding: % make dep % make clean CHECK HERE WHEN OK ______ 6. Decide which kernel image you want to build. In my humble opinion the safest at this stage is bzdisk which compresses the kernel and makes a boot floppy. So, put a floppy in the drive and type: % make bzdisk (other options are: % make zImage __OR__ % make bzImage) CHECK HERE WHEN OK ______ 7. The kernel should make without errors. If you get errors check your distribution and options and try again. Start at note 1. CHECK HERE WHEN OK ______ 8. Assuming your kernel built OK, build and install the modules: % make modules % make modules_install CHECK HERE WHEN OK ______ 9. Prepare your machine for a reboot. The following just cleans up some files (which may not be present on your system): % rm /var/log/messages % touch /var/log/messages % rm /var/log/kernel % touch /var/log/kernel % kill -HUP `cat /var/run/syslogd.pid` If the above commands do not work, ignore them as they are purely housecleaning options. CHECK HERE WHEN OK ______ 10. You can boot from the floppy by putting the floppy in the drive and typing: % reboot The system should boot normally (for your architecture). If it does not, and you have LILO, try step 11. If both fail, return to step 1 and try again. CHECK HERE WHEN OK ______ 11. You can boot from the hard drive with LILO. Here I force the /etc/lilo.conf file to accept a new boot sequence but it might be easier for you to edit the file with vi, emacs etc. Be aware that you partition might not be called /dev/hda3! Note the tabs in the following echo statements. % cp /usr/src/linux/arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot/bzImage2210 % cp /etc/lilo.conf /etc/lilo.conf.old % echo "image=/boot/bzImage2210" >> /etc/lilo.conf % echo " label=linux2210" >> /etc/lilo.conf % echo " root=/dev/hda3" >> /etc/lilo.conf % echo " read-only" >> /etc/lilo.conf % /sbin/lilo % reboot and at the LILO: prompt type, linux2210. You should boot the new kernel directly off the hard disk. CHECK HERE WHEN OK ______ 12. The rest of these notes assume that the regular linux kernel was built successfully. Indeed, I am installing the beta11 RT-Linux extensions from a working system booted with the v2.2.10 kernel. First, back up the configured kernel tree that you just made and clean the directories: % cd /usr/src % tar czvf /usr/src/linux-2.2.10.tar.gz linux % cd /usr/src/linux % make clean CHECK HERE WHEN OK ______ 13. Unpack the RT-Linux extensions in beta11: NB: The created directory is /usr/src/beta11/rtl etc! % cd /usr/src % gunzip -c beta11.tgz | tar xvf - CHECK HERE WHEN OK ______ 14. Return to the linux tree and patch the kernel: % cd /usr/src/linux % patch -p1 < /usr/src/beta11/kernel_patch > ../patch.beta11 2>&1 CHECK HERE WHEN OK ______ 15. Check the patch file. The output I received is shown below and reports no errors: % more ../patch.beta11 patching file `Makefile' patching file `arch/i386/config.in' patching file `arch/i386/kernel/entry.S' patching file `arch/i386/kernel/i386_ksyms.c' patching file `arch/i386/kernel/io_apic.c' patching file `arch/i386/kernel/irq.c' patching file `arch/i386/kernel/irq.h' patching file `arch/i386/kernel/smp.c' patching file `arch/i386/kernel/time.c' patching file `fs/proc/array.c' patching file `fs/proc/root.c' patching file `include/asm-i386/irq.h' patching file `include/asm-i386/rtl_sync.h' patching file `include/asm-i386/system.h' patching file `include/asm-i386/timex.h' patching file `include/linux/cons.h' patching file `include/linux/major.h' patching file `include/linux/proc_fs.h' patching file `include/linux/rtl.h' patching file `init/main.c' patching file `kernel/Makefile' patching file `kernel/ksyms.c' patching file `kernel/rtl.c' CHECK HERE WHEN OK ______ 16. Now go back and remake the kernel, modules, modules_install and reboot from the floppy or hard drive as before. Note that I call the new image on disk rtImage as opposed to bzImage (but you can call it whatever you like): NB: It is here that one must re-do the config as the "Processor Type and Features" menu now includes the "Hard realtime support" which is N by default. If you are brave, you could patch your previous .config file with CONFIG_RTL=y. % make xconfig % make dep % make bzdisk % make modules % make modules_install % rm /var/log/messages % touch /var/log/messages % rm /var/log/kernel % touch /var/log/kernel % kill -HUP `cat /var/run/syslogd.pid` % cp /usr/src/linux/arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot/rtImage2210 % cp /etc/lilo.conf /etc/lilo.conf.old % echo "image=/boot/rtImage2210" >> /etc/lilo.conf % echo " label=RTL-2210" >> /etc/lilo.conf % echo " root=/dev/hda3" >> /etc/lilo.conf % echo " read-only" >> /etc/lilo.conf % /sbin/lilo % reboot CHECK HERE WHEN OK ______ 17. You should now be able to boot the linux kernel modified for real time performance. The login banner I get is: Red Hat Linux Release 5.2 (Apollo) Kernel 2.2.10-RTL_BETA11 on an i686 login: CHECK HERE WHEN OK ______ 18. Now go to the beta directory and read the READMEFIRST file: % cd /usr/src/beta11 % more READMEFIRST CHECK HERE WHEN OK ______ 19. The beta release will not make from the unpacking directory so you need to change some things around. Also you need to delete all the old fifos as the major number has changed (and let the rtl make re-create them): % cd /usr/src % mv beta11/rtl rtl % cd rtl % pwd /usr/src/rtl % rm -i /dev/rtf* Optionally, remake the fifos with the mkrtf utility (appended below) specifying major number 150: % mkrtf 150 CHECK HERE WHEN OK ______ 20. It is here that some people tun into problems (although they do not know it yet). There is a file called updateconf called by the Makefile. This file replaces the /usr/src/rtl/.config which is shipped as empty. The problem is that updateconf uses the C pre-processor (cpp) and the update fails if the executable is not in your path. The usual place for the cpp file is /lib/cpp and I edit the updatecong file to reflect this: % cd /usr/src/rtl/misc % mv updateconf updateconf.original % sed '1,$s?cpp?/lib/cpp?g' updateconf.original > updateconf You can check if it works by running it there and then: % chmod a+x updateconf % ./updateconf % more .config CONFIG_RTL_FP_SUPPORT=y CONFIG_RTL_USE_TSC=y CONFIG_RTL_USE_8254_TIMER=y CONFIG_RTL_USE_APIC_TIMER=y CHECK HERE WHEN OK ______ 21. If you require more than 4 fifos, edit the Makefile and copy the lines making the fifo devices (starting mknod). I prefer fifos 0-9 but you can leave it alone if you wish. Then make the modules: % make examples % make clean % make % make install CHECK HERE WHEN OK ______ 22. Initial test of the release is to insert the modules without error: % cd /lib/modules/2.2.10-RTL_BETA11/misc % insmod rtl_time.o % insmod rtl_sched.o % insmod rtl_fifo.o % lsmod Module Size Used by rtl_fifo 6768 0 (unused) rtl_sched 35857 0 (unused) rtl_time 7348 0 [rtl_sched] CHECK HERE WHEN OK ______ 23. Try making the examples (but do not run them yet!): % cd /usr/src/rtl % make examples % cd /usr/src/rtl/examples/compat % make clean % make % cd /usr/src/rtl/examples/fp % make clean % make % cd /usr/src/rtl/examples/frank % make clean % make % cd /usr/src/rtl/examples/measurement % make clean % make % cd /usr/src/rtl/examples/parallel % make clean % make % cd /usr/src/rtl/examples/regression % make clean % make % cd /usr/src/rtl/examples/sound % make clean % make CHECK HERE WHEN OK ______ 24. Test the examples. The makefiles are problematic at this point as the test targets often refer to the /usr/src/rtl/modules directory which is empty (the install command in note 20 moves them to the standard modules directory!). Appended below is my rtlinux utility for inserting/removing modules. Make sure it is executable (chmod a+x rtlinux) and that it resides in some directory in your $PATH. Also after running a test, check the output in /var/log/messages and/or /var/log/kernel. NB: None of these tests should hang the sytem! % rtlinux start % cd /usr/src/rtl/examples/compat % insmod rt_process.o; ./monitor (ctrl/C when you've seen enough) % rmmod rt_process % cd /usr/src/rtl/examples/frank % insmod frank_module.o; ./frank_app (ctrl/C when you've seen enough) % rmmod frank_module % cd /usr/src/rtl/examples/measurements % insmod rt_process.o; ./monitor (ctrl/C when you've seen enough) % rmmod rt_process % cd /usr/src/rtl/examples/regression % insmod multitask.o (ctrl/C when you've seen enough) % rmmod multitask % insmod rtc_test.o (ctrl/C when you've seen enough) % rmmod rtc_test % insmod rtc_fifo_test.o; ./monitor (ctrl/C when you've seen enough) % rmmod rtc_fifo_test % cd /usr/src/rtl/examples/sound % insmod sound.o % cat linux.au > /dev/rtf0 % rmmod sound If you have an oscilliscope, check the parallel port example: % cd /usr/src/rtl/examples/parallel % insmod sched_toggle.o Starting parallel port module % rmmod sched_toggle % insmod rtc_toggle.o Starting parallel port module Requested 8 and got 1 % rmmod rtc_toggle 25. Congratulations. RT-Linux is installed and appears to be working. Phil Daly, NOAO/AURA, 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson AZ 85719, U S A E-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] V-mail: (520) 318 8438 Fax: (520) 318 8360 +===CUT HERE===========================+ #!/bin/sh # # Utility : rtlinux # Author : P N Daly # Date : 25-June-1999, ([EMAIL PROTECTED]) # Warranty : None, use at own risk # System : Linux kernel v2.2.10, RT-Linux patch Beta11 # Usage : # To insert modules # %./rtlinux start # To remove modules # %./rtlinux stop # To check modules # %./rtlinux status # Note that modules in () were not present or not found # Where are the modules MOD_DIR=/lib/modules/2.2.10-RTL_BETA11/misc MOD_FILE=/var/lock/subsys/rtl.modules # See how we were called case "$1" in start|insert) /bin/touch ${MOD_FILE} echo -n "Inserting RT-Linux modules: " if [ -f ${MOD_DIR}/rtl_time.o ] ; then echo -n " rtl_time" /sbin/insmod -f ${MOD_DIR}/rtl_time.o || echo -n " not inserted" fi if [ -f ${MOD_DIR}/rtl_fifo.o ] ; then echo -n " rtl_fifo" /sbin/insmod -f ${MOD_DIR}/rtl_fifo.o || echo -n " not inserted" fi if [ -f ${MOD_DIR}/rtl_sched.o ] ; then echo -n " rtl_sched" /sbin/insmod -f ${MOD_DIR}/rtl_sched.o || echo -n " not inserted" fi if [ -f ${MOD_DIR}/rtl_ipc.o ] ; then echo -n " rtl_ipc" /sbin/insmod -f ${MOD_DIR}/rtl_ipc.o || echo -n " not inserted" fi echo "" ;; stop|remove) echo -n "Removing RT-Linux modules: " MODINS=`/sbin/lsmod | /bin/grep rtl_ipc` if [ "$MODINS" ]; then echo -n " rtl_ipc" /sbin/rmmod rtl_ipc else echo -n " (rtl_ipc)" fi MODINS=`/sbin/lsmod | /bin/grep rtl_fifo` if [ "$MODINS" ]; then echo -n " rtl_fifo" /sbin/rmmod rtl_fifo else echo -n " (rtl_fifo)" fi MODINS=`/sbin/lsmod | /bin/grep rtl_sched` if [ "$MODINS" ]; then echo -n " rtl_sched" /sbin/rmmod rtl_sched else echo -n " (rtl_sched)" fi MODINS=`/sbin/lsmod | /bin/grep rtl_time` if [ "$MODINS" ]; then echo -n " rtl_time" /sbin/rmmod rtl_time else echo -n " (rtl_time)" fi echo "" rm -f ${MOD_FILE} ;; status) echo -n "Checking RT-Linux modules: " MODINS=`/sbin/lsmod | /bin/grep rtl_ipc` if [ "$MODINS" ]; then echo -n " rtl_ipc" else echo -n " (rtl_ipc)" fi MODINS=`/sbin/lsmod | /bin/grep rtl_fifo` if [ "$MODINS" ]; then echo -n " rtl_fifo" else echo -n " (rtl_fifo)" fi MODINS=`/sbin/lsmod | /bin/grep rtl_sched` if [ "$MODINS" ]; then echo -n " rtl_sched" else echo -n " (rtl_sched)" fi MODINS=`/sbin/lsmod | /bin/grep rtl_time` if [ "$MODINS" ]; then echo " rtl_time" else echo " (rtl_time)" fi ;; *) echo "Usage: rtlinux {start|stop|status}" exit 1 esac # Exit normally exit 0 +===CUT HERE===========================+ #!/bin/sh # # Utility : mkrtf # Author : P N Daly # Date : 25-June-1999, ([EMAIL PROTECTED]) # Warranty : None, use at own risk # System : Linux kernel v2.2.10 # Usage : # To (re-)make the fifos for New Mexico Tech RT-Linux # %./mkrtf 150 # To (re-)make the fifos for DIAPM RTAI # %./mkrtf 63 # edit this line for the number of fifos to create NUM_FIFOS=10 # Delete the existing fifos for file in /dev/rtf* do echo "Removing $file" rm -f $file done # make new fifos with the supplied major number num=0 while [ $num -le $NUM_FIFOS ] do echo "Creating /dev/rtf$num with major number $1 minor number $num" /bin/mknod /dev/rtf$num c $1 $num num=`/usr/bin/expr $num + 1` done # Exit normally exit 0 +===CUT HERE===========================+ #!/bin/sh # # Utility : relog # Author : P N Daly # Date : 25-June-1999, ([EMAIL PROTECTED]) # Warranty : None, use at own risk # System : Linux kernel v2.2.10 # Usage : # To reset the system log files (/var/log/messages, /var/log/kernel) # %./relog # reset the log file unalias rm if [ -f /var/log/messages ] ; then rm /var/log/messages /bin/touch /var/log/messages fi # reset the log file if [ -f /var/log/kernel ] ; then rm /var/log/kernel /bin/touch /var/log/kernel fi # restart the system log daemon kill -HUP `cat /var/run/syslogd.pid` # exit normally exit 0 --- [rtl] --- To unsubscribe: echo "unsubscribe rtl" | mail [EMAIL PROTECTED] OR echo "unsubscribe rtl <Your_email>" | mail [EMAIL PROTECTED] ---- For more information on Real-Time Linux see: http://www.rtlinux.org/~rtlinux/