Currently many of the persistence methods all have different behaviours 
when it comes to whether setters are called, and validations and or 
callbacks are run,
Knowing what happens requires deeper knowledge of rails than just reading 
the method name

This can be confusing for newcomers and even people very familiar with 
rails will need to double check which does what.

save(validate: false) => callbacks: yes, validations: no, 
only_save_mentioned_columns: N/A
save => callbacks: yes, validations: yes, touch: yes, 
only_save_mentioned_columns: N/A
save(touch: false) => callbacks: yes, validations: yes, touch: no, 
only_save_mentioned_columns: N/A
save(validate: false, touch: false) => callbacks: yes, validations: no, 
touch: no, only_save_mentioned_columns: N/A
update/update_attributes => callbacks: yes, validations: yes, setters: yes, 
touch: yes, only_save_mentioned_columns: no
update_columns/update_column => callbacks: no, validations: no, setters: 
no, touch: no, only_save_mentioned_columns: yes
update_attribute => callbacks: yes, validations: no, setters: yes, touch: 
yes, only_save_mentioned_columns: no
increment!/decrement!/toggle! => callbacks: no, validations: no, setters: 
no, touch: no, only_save_mentioned_columns: yes
increment!/decrement!(touch: true) => callbacks: no, validations: no, 
setters: no, touch: yes, only_save_mentioned_columns: yes
touch => callbacks: some, validations: no, setters: no, touch: yes, 
only_save_mentioned_columns: yes

update_all/Class update => callbacks: no, validations: no, setters: no, 
touch: no, only_save_mentioned_columns: yes

Proposal A: 

Follow what the `save` pattern started, and provide explicit instructions 
to update, and a more complete list to save

1. Add `callbacks: false` option to save.
2. Add `validate:`,`touch:`,`callbacks:`,`only_save_mentioned_columns:` to 
update, with the option of providing the instructions in a separate hash 
for models where those are columns/attributes
e.g. `update(column: whatever, callbacks: false)`, or `update(**params, 
callbacks: false)` or `update({ column: whatever }, callbacks: false)`, or 
`update(params, callbacks: false)`
3. deprecate the other update_* methods
4. always use attributes/setters. if one wants to not use the setters, 
don't use these pretty methods, and instead use []=/write_attribute and 
then save
5. only_save_mentioned_columns is a bad name, but I'm having difficulty 
thinking of a better one that's as clear
6. validate the keyword arguments passed to save/update, so people don't 
accidentally write 'skip_callbacks: true' or 'validates: false' or etc

Proposal B:

Rather than modifying update_*/save signatures, deprecate and replace with 
a method called `persist` and `persist!` that takes those options

I'd be happy to undertake the work of doing this PR if this is something 
you'd be interested in merging


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