Below is an example of the error I encountered in my project today and 
after a great deal of searching I realized the problem to be that the *
_attributes needs to be an array!  My first question is, is there a use for 
*_attributes={} and is there something I'm missing to make it work in that 
case?  If not, then what *should* the behavior be?  Should it be allowed 
and instead create one record (a letter for example)?  Thanks.

Setup a simple rails app:

class Word < ActiveRecord::Base
  has_many :letters, dependent: :destroy
  accepts_nested_attributes_for :letters
end

class Letter < ActiveRecord::Base
  belongs_to :word
end

This works just fine (e.g. in the console):

attrs = { 'letters_attributes' => [{ 'test' => '1' }] }
Word.new attrs

But this give an error:

attrs = { 'letters_attributes' => { 'test' => '1' } }
Word.new attrs

and the output looks something like:

TypeError: no implicit conversion of Symbol into Integer
  from /../active_record/nested_attributes.rb:452:in `[]'
  from /../active_record/nested_attributes.rb:452:in `block in 
assign_nested_attributes_for_collection_association'
  from /../active_record/nested_attributes.rb:452:in `map'
  from /../active_record/nested_attributes.rb:452:in 
`assign_nested_attributes_for_collection_association'
  from /../active_record/nested_attributes.rb:339:in `letters_attributes='
  from /../active_record/attribute_assignment.rb:42:in `public_send'
  from /../active_record/attribute_assignment.rb:42:in `_assign_attribute'
  from /../active_record/attribute_assignment.rb:53:in `block in 
assign_nested_parameter_attributes'
  from /../active_record/attribute_assignment.rb:53:in `each'
  from /../active_record/attribute_assignment.rb:53:in 
`assign_nested_parameter_attributes'
  from /../active_record/attribute_assignment.rb:33:in `assign_attributes'
  from /../active_record/core.rb:192:in `initialize'
  from /../active_record/inheritance.rb:27:in `new'
  from /../active_record/inheritance.rb:27:in `new'

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