In particular, if you're putting Rails on Snow Leopard to work on a
project that you started on Linux.

If you run rake db:create and see an error like this:

Couldn't create database for {"reconnect"=>false, "encoding"=>"utf8",
"username"=>"root", "adapter"=>"mysql", "database"=>"app_development",
"pool"=>5, "password"=>nil, "socket"=>"/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock"},
charset: utf8, collation: utf8_unicode_ci (if you set the charset
manually, make sure you have a matching collation)

or if you run rake db:migrate and see an error like this:

rake aborted!
Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/run/mysqld/
mysqld.sock' (38)

The problem is that the mysqld.sock file is stored in a different
location in Snow Leopard than it is in Linux.

I found the solution here:
http://superuser.com/questions/102664/rails-cant-connect-to-local-mysql-server-through-socket-var-run-mysqld-mysqld/102677#102677

In short, change the socket: line in your database.yml to point to /
tmp/mysql.sock

Having lost a day getting this stuff working, I'm posting it here to
be crawled and made public, for the sake of posterity.

Other useful directions are here: 
http://hivelogic.com/articles/compiling-mysql-on-snow-leopard
and here: 
http://hivelogic.com/articles/compiling-ruby-rubygems-and-rails-on-snow-leopard

It's likely that the mysql gem as specified in those links won't work
for you.  Try using:

sudo env ARCHFLAGS="-arch x86_64" gem install mysql -- --with-mysql-
config=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config

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