The P is a designation that the primary purpose of the unit was passenger 
service, and as such, was gear differently than those units designated 
primarily for freight service (F).  The A indicates the unit has a cab, the 
B is a cabless unit, same exact locotive as the A, just no cab.  It was 
common practice on trains in that time period (1950s)to run consists of AA, 
AB, or other, if there was a trailing A unit, it was reversed, partly so the 
whole consist did not have to be turned, partly because it simply looked 
better.
To take the discussion one step further, GP stands for general purpose, and 
SD stands for special duty.  Don't know what the E as in E9 stands for.
                                                     Tom
traindoctor2003 writes: 

> Can anyone tell me what the Santa Fe Alco "PA" and "PB" unit name 
> means?
> Is it 'part a / part b? I have been wondering about this for years. 
> 
> And what would the third unit (engine) in the three part locomotion 
> series be called? I never see a reference to "PC" for the trailing 
> engine unit. 
> 
> What does the middle part of the power unit do in real life 
> (the "B" ) unit? Batteries or fuel perhaps? Thanks for quenching my 
> interest, Mikey.  
> 
> 
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