SEP

Implement Lattices over ZZ, with pairings into QQ or ZZ

0. (Maybe) Implement a FreeModule_ZZ_quotient class. This would also
allow for constructing abelian groups in the sort of canonical way
(something people have been asking for...)

1. Implement a LatticeModule class, which will inherit from
FreeModule_generic_pid: instances of LatticeModule will inherit an
underlying free ZZ module and make use of the optional
inner_product_matrix property.

This shouldn't just be a free ZZ module with inner product matrix,
since we want specific functions for computing the dual lattice, etc.
which are more appropriate in a Lattice class.
  a. Attributes will include
    - is_euclidean (whether the inner product matrix is symmetric,
rather than skew-symmetric)
    - is_integral (whether the image of the pairing is in ZZ or QQ)
    - discriminant (the determinant of the matrix [<a_i,a_j>], where
{a_i} is a basis for the module).  A lattice is nondegenerate if its
discriminant is nonvanishing.
  b.  Euclidean lattices also have the attributes:
    - signature
    - even/odd (whether <a,a> \in 2 ZZ for all a)
  c. Use L.<a,b> for the pairing induced on module elements by the
inner product matrix.

2. Implement a SubLatticeModule class, which will inherit from
FreeModule_submodule_with_basis_pid and from Lattice, but override
L.<a,b> for the inner product.
   a.  Function is_primitive (a sublattice M of a lattice L is
primitive if L/M is a free ZZ-module)
   b.  Functions to get parent lattice and sublattice as LatticeModule
objects.

3. Implement a LatticeQuotient class (for now, just full sublattices,
i.e., finite quotients).
  -- Inherit from FreeModule_ZZ_quotient?
  -- Inherit from AbelianGroup?
  -- Inherit from nothing?
( The question here is what the underlying structure for a
LatticeQuotient should actually be. The important thing is how will
someone want to access elements of a LatticeQuotient? )
   a.  Attributes will include a quadratic_form_matrix with entries
defined over QQ/ZZ or QQ/2ZZ

4. Create a dual_lattice function for integral euclidean lattices,
with optional "embedding" argument

5. Implement a dual_quotient function for integral euclidean lattices
which returns a LatticeQuotient.

6. Implement isomorphism tests for indefinite integral euclidean
lattices.

-- Robert Miller, Andrey Novoseltsev, Ursula Whitcher

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