Without going so far as to use interval arithmetic (which leads to at
least one annoying problem: the RealIntervalField in Sage has no
is_square() methods which is enough to make it hard to work with as
far as creating points on elliptic curves is concerned) I came up with
a better solution.

I will create a trac ticket for this.  Briefly, I replaced the small
function which took a real point and decided whether or not it was
integral.  It used to test whether the x and y coordinates were
withing some (arbitrary) epsilon of the nearest integer.  Now it just
rounds them and tests if they resulting integers satisfy the curve's
defining equation.  This is a lot more robust, and now all the test
cases from Zagier's paper succeed *without increasing precision from
100 bits*.

John

On 15 December 2016 at 16:06, John Cremona <[email protected]> wrote:
> On 15 December 2016 at 14:52,  <[email protected]> wrote:
>> @John : Good point. The change in precision, at least seems to fix the
>> previous problems (at least in the specific examples).
>> I suppose, this is the precision that is used to bound the coefficients of
>> the linear form of elliptic logarithms (?)
>> If this is the case, and I remember right, this precision  varies and there
>> are some relations to get  the "right" precision.
>> I checked the book of Tzanakis : Elliptic Diophantine Equations, and
>> provides some relations on how to choose the precision on the computation of
>> elliptic logarithms  ( relations  (10.7) and (9.10))
>> Maybe computing each time the right precision is not very efficient.
>>
>
> No, it is simpler and more stupid than that.  In the serious part of
> the computation where we deal with elliptic logs, precision is dealt
> with in (I hope) a more intelligent way.  Here it is just computing
> all linear combinations sum(n_i*P_i) for all r-tuples (n_1,...,n_r)
> with all |n_i| up to some bound and testing for integrality; and -- as
> William notes -- it is doing that over R rather than Q as it is much
> faster.  And the "decision" to do that with 100 bits of precision was
> an arbitrary choice I made about 8 years ago based on no analysis at
> all -- my bad.
>
> Interval arithmetic would certainly be good; I will have a quick
> attempt at that but don't have time to put much work into it.
>
> John
>
>> I don't know if that helps.
>>
>> Costas
>>
>>
>> On Thursday, December 15, 2016 at 4:37:59 PM UTC+2, William wrote:
>>>
>>> On Thu, Dec 15, 2016 at 4:51 AM, Dima Pasechnik <[email protected]> wrote:
>>> >
>>> >
>>> > On Thursday, December 15, 2016 at 12:23:15 PM UTC, John Cremona wrote:
>>> >>
>>> >> I just confirmed that if I change RealField(100) to RealField(200) in
>>> >> one place (line 6975 of ell_rational_field.py) then both the points
>>> >> Costas missed are found, so I was right that this is a stupid problem
>>> >> of precision rather than something more complicated.
>>> >>
>>> >> I can easily make a patch to make this change, but if I do there will
>>> >> be two objections (at least): first, that I have done no analysis to
>>> >> see whether 200 bits will always work (clearly not) so this is just
>>> >> kicking a problem down the road; and secondly that I will nopt have
>>> >> fixed other known problems, as I explained earlier.
>>> >>
>>> >> I tried all the examples in Zagier's paper (Tables 1-3 except the
>>> >> non-standard examples in Table 3) using 1000 bits (which is not
>>> >> noticeably slower than 100 -- note that first the algorithm finds a
>>> >> Mordell-Weil basis which often dominates).  All work fine and very
>>> >> quickly.
>>> >
>>> >
>>> > I am just wondering whether some kind of interval or ball arithmetic
>>> > ought to be used there (we do have Arb package in Sage nowadays),
>>> > instead of blindly increasing precision?
>>>
>>> Without looking, the computation is "Otherwise it is very very much
>>> faster to first compute the linear combinations over RR, and only
>>> compute them as
>>> rational points if they are approximately integral."  This does seem
>>> like a perfect situation in which to apply standard interval
>>> arithmetic over RR.
>>> We're just applying algebraic operations to points purely to speed up
>>> an algorithm, then checking at the end if the resulting coordinates
>>> could possibly be integers...
>>>
>>>  - William
>>>
>>>
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >>
>>> >>
>>> >> John
>>> >>
>>> >> On 15 December 2016 at 09:17, John Cremona <[email protected]> wrote:
>>> >> > On 14 December 2016 at 21:34,  <[email protected]> wrote:
>>> >> >> Thank you both for the answers,
>>> >> >>
>>> >> >> I found another problematic example
>>> >> >>
>>> >> >> sage:E1=EllipticCurve([0,0,0,37,18]);E1;S=E1.integral_points();S;
>>> >> >> Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + 37*x + 18
>>> >> >> over Rational Field
>>> >> >> [(2 : 10 : 1), (126 : 1416 : 1)]
>>> >> >>
>>> >> >>
>>> >> >>
>>> >> >> and
>>> >> >>
>>> >> >> R = E1(64039202,512470496030);M=E1(2,10 );3*M==R
>>> >> >> True
>>> >> >>
>>> >> >> Both examples are from the paper
>>> >> >> of Don Zagier: Large integral points on Elliptic curves
>>> >> >>
>>> >> >> Also, I tried the previous examples in the online calculator of
>>> >> >> magma
>>> >> >> and
>>> >> >> seems that magma works fine.
>>> >> >>
>>> >> >>  magma: E := EllipticCurve([0,0,0,37,18]);
>>> >> >>  IntegralPoints(E);
>>> >> >> [ (2 : 10 : 1), (126 : 1416 : 1), (64039202 : 512470496030 : 1) ]
>>> >> >> [ <(2 : 10 : 1), 1>, <(126 : 1416 : 1), 1>,
>>> >> >> <(64039202 : 512470496030 : 1), 1> ]
>>> >> >>
>>> >> >>
>>> >> >>
>>> >> >> I use this function a lot and
>>> >> >> I think many people (heavily) use this function
>>> >> >> for their research. I was not aware of the problems of this function
>>> >> >> :(
>>> >> >>
>>> >> >> I am wondering if this bug affects other functions concerning
>>> >> >> elliptic curves?
>>> >> >
>>> >> > The only other functions I can think of are
>>> >> > EllipticCurves_with_good_reduction_outside_S() which uses the more
>>> >> > general S-integral points code, which potentially suffers from
>>> >> > similar
>>> >> > problems and more (it uses p-adic elliptic logs for example, and
>>> >> > p-adic precision matters).  But that does not use the function I
>>> >> > mentioned for which real precision seems to be a problem.
>>> >> >
>>> >> > Nils: of course I know you were not jibing at me!
>>> >> >
>>> >> > Costas: thanks for pointing this out, and the extra exmaples.  I know
>>> >> > Zagier's paper well, and we should certainly include the examples
>>> >> > from
>>> >> > that paper as doctests where possible.
>>> >> >
>>> >> > Regarding Magma comparison:  the Sage code was written in 2008 by two
>>> >> > masters' students under my supervision, though it has had some
>>> >> > attention since then.  At that time I was systematically testing
>>> >> > against Magma, and in the process we found many cases where our
>>> >> > developing code missed points and many more where Magma missed
>>> >> > points.
>>> >> > All of these were duly reported to Steve Donelly (of Magma).  As a
>>> >> > result, Sage ended up with a not-too-bad implementation, and Magma's
>>> >> > was vastly improved: Steve essentially completely rewrote Magma's
>>> >> > original code using many new ideas, which he has sadly not written up
>>> >> > and so are not available to the rest of the world.
>>> >> >
>>> >> > To give a small idea of the problems I have been trying to address
>>> >> > (see https://trac.sagemath.org/ticket/10973).  The Sage
>>> >> > implementation
>>> >> > for integral points over Q (but not S-integral points) follwed
>>> >> > closely
>>> >> > the account in Henri COhen's book, which in turn follwed Smart's
>>> >> > book.
>>> >> > But there are errors in those, arising from Smart's incorrect use of
>>> >> > formulas from a paper of Sinnou David (literally he and David have
>>> >> > opposite conventions for the periods of an elliptic curve, one has
>>> >> > w1/w2 in the fundmental region and the other has w2/w1).   I noticed
>>> >> > that 2 years ago, or possibly 3, but it has been so caught up in
>>> >> > other
>>> >> > issues on that ticket (including some more glaring gaps in Smart's
>>> >> > account of integral points over number fields) that it has not yet
>>> >> > been finished.
>>> >> >
>>> >> >>
>>> >> >> Thanks again for the answers
>>> >> >
>>> >> > You are welcome,
>>> >> >
>>> >> > John
>>> >> >
>>> >> >> Costas.
>>> >> >>
>>> >> >>
>>> >> >>
>>> >> >>
>>> >> >>
>>> >> >> On Wednesday, December 14, 2016 at 10:25:25 PM UTC+2, Nils Bruin
>>> >> >> wrote:
>>> >> >>>
>>> >> >>> On Wednesday, December 14, 2016 at 12:09:36 PM UTC-8, John Cremona
>>> >> >>> wrote:
>>> >> >>>>
>>> >> >>>>
>>> >> >>>> Thanks for the bug report.  As Nils pointed out there are known
>>> >> >>>> bugs
>>> >> >>>> in the integral point code which cause solutions to be missed.
>>> >> >>>
>>> >> >>>
>>> >> >>> Just to make clear: I wasn't taking a jibe at sage/or John on this,
>>> >> >>> and I
>>> >> >>> wasn't previously aware there are bugs in the integral points code
>>> >> >>> in
>>> >> >>> Sage.
>>> >> >>> I was just observing that in the past 20 years, any computer
>>> >> >>> algebra
>>> >> >>> package
>>> >> >>> that implements integral point finding on elliptic curves has had
>>> >> >>> significant errors (of the type reported here). Apparently it's
>>> >> >>> something
>>> >> >>> that is particularly hard to get reliably correct.
>>> >> >>
>>> >> >> --
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>>> >> >> send
>>> >> >> an
>>> >> >> email to [email protected].
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>>> >
>>> > --
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>>>
>>>
>>> --
>>> William (http://wstein.org)
>>
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