#15843: Add reduced Burau representation, Alexander polynomial to Braid
-------------------------+-------------------------------------------------
       Reporter:         |       Type:  enhancement
  lipshitz               |   Priority:  minor
         Status:  new    |  Component:  algebra
      Milestone:         |   Keywords:  Braid, braid group, Burau
  sage-6.2               |  representation, Alexander polynomial, knot
     Resolution:         |  theory
Report Upstream:  N/A    |
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 Instances of Braid class could already return the image of the braid
 under the Burau representation. This patch adds code to optionally
 return the image under the reduced Burau representation. Using the
 reduced Burau representation, it can also return the (unnormalized)
 Alexander polynomial of the braid closure of the Braid.

 Examples of the new functionality from the doc_strings:

     sage: B = BraidGroup(4)
     sage: B.inject_variables()
     Defining s0, s1, s2
     sage: s0.burau_matrix(reduced=True)
     [-t  0  0]
     [-t  1  0]
     [-t  0  1]
     sage: b = B([1,1,1,3,3,2,-3,-1,-1,2,-1,-3,-2])
     sage: b.alexander_polynomial() #The Kinoshita-Terasaka knot.
     -1/t

 (The Kinoshita-Terasaka knot has Alexander polynomial 1; the
 unnormalized Alexander polynomial is only well-defined up to
 multiplication by plus or minus t^n.)

--
Ticket URL: <http://trac.sagemath.org/ticket/15843>
Sage <http://www.sagemath.org>
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