#4326: [with patch, needs review] Root systems improvements
---------------------------+------------------------------------------------
 Reporter:  nthiery        |       Owner:  nthiery                              
                                        
     Type:  enhancement    |      Status:  assigned                             
                                        
 Priority:  major          |   Milestone:  sage-combinat                        
                                        
Component:  combinatorics  |    Keywords:  root systems                         
                                        
 Reviewer:  bump           |      Author:  nthiery with help from schilling, 
bump, Nicolas Borie,  Qiang Wang, Steve Pon
   Merged:                 |  
---------------------------+------------------------------------------------
Description changed by nthiery:

Old description:

> Patch from Sage-Combinat:
> http://combinat.sagemath.org/patches/file/tip/root_systems-4326-nt.patch
>
> Documention:
>  - quickref + links in sage.combinat.root_system
>  - Long introduction in CartanTypes
>  - ...
>
> Cartan Types:
>  - Object oriented clean up: each cartan type has its own class (in
>    .type_....py) which contains all its specific data (dynkin diagram,
>    ascii art, ...). All the dispatch logic is now concentrated in the
>    CartanType factory.
>  - fixed the definition of rank for affine types (Anne Schilling)
>  - systematic implementation of the classical type underlying an affine
> type (Anne Schilling)
>  - New methods: is_untwisted_affine, special_node, a, acheck,
>    translation_factors, symmetrizer, row_annihilator col_annihilator
> (partly Nicolas Borie)
>  - Relabelled Cartan types (with composition, classical, special_node,
> dual)
>  - Use A~... B~* BC~ convention for affine types;
>    Kac' convention implemented by renaming them (see CartanType?)
>  - F3 is nonexistent so use F4 in one test (Dan Bump)
>  - ascii art for reducible (Dan Bump), relabelled, and dual Cartan types
>
> Root systems:
>  - Preliminary plots (Nicolas Borie)
>  - New methods for affine root systems (mostly Nicolas Borie):
>    null_(co)root, level
>  - RootSystem(["A",3,1]) returns None rather than the ambient space
>    for type A_3 (which was wrong!)
>  - positive and negative roots for all (finite) root lattice realizations
>
> Coxeter groups:
>  - New categories: (Finite) CoxeterGroups, (Finite, Affine) WeylGroups
>    standardized methods: first_descent, has_descent, descents,
>    reduced_word, length, from_reduced_word, with systematic associated
>    test (test_has_descent, ...) simple_reflections,
>    simple_projections, coset_representatives, binary_factorisations, ...
>    (many of them were extracted and generalized from WeylGroup)
>  - lower and upper cover for Bruhat order (Steve Pon)
>  - affine stanley symmetric functions for types A, A affine
>  - Documentation (with help from Qiang Wang, Nicolas Borie)
>
> The following are not yet addressed, and will be bumped to a subsequent
> patch:
>
> DynkinDiagram:
>  - allow for slicing notation for column/row extraction: c[i,:]
>
> AmbientSpace:
>  - fundamental coweights by appropriate scaling of the fundamental
> weights
>  - embedding coweight lattice
>
> WeightLatticeRealization
>  - scalar product with coweight lattice in finite dimension
>
> Classical case:
>  - reverse map to coroot space and coroot lattice by scalar product with
> the fundamental weights
>  - associated coroot in the root and weight space
>  - s_\alpha on the (co)root and (co)weight lattice for any root \alpha
>
> Affine case:
>  - affine ambient space
>
> Categorification of RootLatticeRealization / ...
> New category CoxeterGroupModules
> Support for non crystalographic root systems

New description:

 Patch taken from Sage-Combinat:
 http://combinat.sagemath.org/patches/file/tip/root_systems-4326-nt.patch

 Depends on: #6136 #6253 #6250 #5891

 -------------

 Documention:
  - quickref + links in sage.combinat.root_system
  - Long introduction in CartanTypes
  - ...

 Cartan Types:
  - Object oriented clean up: each cartan type has its own class (in
    .type_....py) which contains all its specific data (dynkin diagram,
    ascii art, ...). All the dispatch logic is now concentrated in the
    CartanType factory.
  - fixed the definition of rank for affine types (Anne Schilling)
  - systematic implementation of the classical type underlying an affine
 type (Anne Schilling)
  - New methods: is_untwisted_affine, special_node, a, acheck,
    translation_factors, symmetrizer, row_annihilator col_annihilator
 (partly Nicolas Borie)
  - Relabelled Cartan types (with composition, classical, special_node,
 dual)
  - Use A~... B~* BC~ convention for affine types;
    Kac' convention implemented by renaming them (see CartanType?)
  - F3 is nonexistent so use F4 in one test (Dan Bump)
  - ascii art for reducible (Dan Bump), relabelled, and dual Cartan types

 Root systems:
  - Preliminary plots (Nicolas Borie)
  - New methods for affine root systems (mostly Nicolas Borie):
    null_(co)root, level
  - RootSystem(["A",3,1]) returns None rather than the ambient space
    for type A_3 (which was wrong!)
  - positive and negative roots for all (finite) root lattice realizations

 Coxeter groups:
  - New categories: (Finite) CoxeterGroups, (Finite, Affine) WeylGroups
    standardized methods: first_descent, has_descent, descents,
    reduced_word, length, from_reduced_word, with systematic associated
    test (test_has_descent, ...) simple_reflections,
    simple_projections, coset_representatives, binary_factorisations, ...
    (many of them were extracted and generalized from WeylGroup)
  - lower and upper cover for Bruhat order (Steve Pon)
  - affine stanley symmetric functions for types A, A affine
  - Documentation (with help from Qiang Wang, Nicolas Borie)

 The following are not yet addressed, and will be bumped to a subsequent
 patch:

 DynkinDiagram:
  - allow for slicing notation for column/row extraction: c[i,:]

 AmbientSpace:
  - fundamental coweights by appropriate scaling of the fundamental weights
  - embedding coweight lattice

 WeightLatticeRealization
  - scalar product with coweight lattice in finite dimension

 Classical case:
  - reverse map to coroot space and coroot lattice by scalar product with
 the fundamental weights
  - associated coroot in the root and weight space
  - s_\alpha on the (co)root and (co)weight lattice for any root \alpha

 Affine case:
  - affine ambient space

 Categorification of RootLatticeRealization / ...
 New category CoxeterGroupModules
 Support for non crystalographic root systems

--

-- 
Ticket URL: <http://trac.sagemath.org/sage_trac/ticket/4326#comment:6>
Sage <http://sagemath.org/>
Sage: Creating a Viable Open Source Alternative to Magma, Maple, Mathematica, 
and MATLAB

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