#17601: Meta-Ticket: Asymptotic Expressions in Sage
-------------------------------------------------+-------------------------
       Reporter:  behackl                        |        Owner:
           Type:  enhancement                    |       Status:  new
       Priority:  major                          |    Milestone:  sage-6.6
      Component:  symbolics                      |   Resolution:
       Keywords:  asymptotics, gsoc15            |    Merged in:
        Authors:  Benjamin Hackl, Clemens        |    Reviewers:
  Heuberger, Daniel Krenn                        |  Work issues:
Report Upstream:  N/A                            |       Commit:
         Branch:                                 |     Stopgaps:
   Dependencies:  #17600, #17693, #17715,        |
  #17716, #18182, #18222, #18223, #18586,        |
  #18587, #18930, #19017, #19028, #19047,        |
  #19048, #19068                                 |
-------------------------------------------------+-------------------------
Changes (by behackl):

 * dependencies:
     #17600, #17693, #17715, #17716, #18182, #18222, #18223, #18586,
     #18587, #18930, #19017, #19028, #19047, #19048
     =>
     #17600, #17693, #17715, #17716, #18182, #18222, #18223, #18586,
     #18587, #18930, #19017, #19028, #19047, #19048, #19068


Old description:

> We intend to implement asymptotic expressions in Sage. We would like to
> do computations with simple expressions such as
>
> n^2^ + n^3/2^ + O(n^1/2^),
>
> but also with expressions such as
>
> 2^n^ * n + O(n*log(n))
>
> or even multivariate expressions such as
>
> 3*k/n + O(k^2^ / n^2^) with |k| <= n^(1/2)^.
>
> Of course, O(n) - O(n) = O(n) must hold and we want to perform various
> arithmetic operations with these asymptotic expressions. Eventually,
> specified O-constants shall also be supported.
>
> See #17716 for more examples.
> -------
>
> **Roadmap**:
>

> * Implementing a minimal working example
>     * #17600 (!AsymptoticGrowthElement): elements which handle the
> asymptotic growth. Such an element holds, e.g. n^2^ or k/n or n*log(n).
> This can compare, multiply etc., but has **no** coefficient; the order of
> magnitude is managed here. Concretely for this ticket:
> !MonomialGrowthElement, implementation for powers.
>     * #18930: Factory for user-friendly generation of growth groups
>     * #17715 (!AsymptoticTerm): a summand for asymptotic expressions.
> They contain the growth and additional information on the type of the
> summand. For starters, there will be big-Oh terms (e.g. `O(n)` and exact
> terms (e.g. `3*n^2`).
>     * #17693 (!MutablePoset): data structure for storing asymptotic terms
> within an asymptotic expression.
>     * #17716 (!AsymptoticRing and !AsymptoticExpression): sum of
> asymptotic terms.
>
> * Extending the functionality of !AsymptoticExpression
>     * #19017: Easy access to the `O`-constructor in `big_oh.py`.
>     * Implement Division for asymptotic Expressions
>     * Implement higher-order operations like `exp` and `log` for
> asymptotic expressions.
>     * Improve the user interface: extend the conversion from the symbolic
> ring such that more than just monomials can be converted.
>     * Implement comparison for asymptotic expressions.
>     * Improve the performance of computations in the !AsymptoticRing.
>     * #19048: `AsymptoticRing.an_element()`
>         * #19047: `QQ.some_elements()`
>
> * Extending the functionality of growth groups
>     * #19028: More growth group implementations: exponential growth
> groups.
>     * #18587: cartesian products for growth groups (allowing the
> construction of more complicated univariate as well as multivariate
> asymptotic expressions)
>         * #18223: cartesian products with orders
>         * #18586: passing on parameters and extra_category for cartesian
> products
>         * implement dependencies like |k| <= n^1/2^ for different growth
> group variables.
>
> * Further plans
>     * growth groups with asymptotic at a non-infinity point
>     * Implementation of more types of asymptotic terms (little-oh terms,
> omega-terms, variations of big-Oh terms ...)
>

> * Additional Dependencies:
>     * #18182: pushout construction and finding common parents
> for/including cartesian products
>     * #18222: provide <=, <, >=, > for poset elements by the category
> (depends on #10130)

New description:

 We intend to implement asymptotic expressions in Sage. We would like to do
 computations with simple expressions such as

 n^2^ + n^3/2^ + O(n^1/2^),

 but also with expressions such as

 2^n^ * n + O(n*log(n))

 or even multivariate expressions such as

 3*k/n + O(k^2^ / n^2^) with |k| <= n^(1/2)^.

 Of course, O(n) - O(n) = O(n) must hold and we want to perform various
 arithmetic operations with these asymptotic expressions. Eventually,
 specified O-constants shall also be supported.

 See #17716 for more examples.
 -------

 **Roadmap**:


 * Implementing a minimal working example
     * #17600 (!AsymptoticGrowthElement): elements which handle the
 asymptotic growth. Such an element holds, e.g. n^2^ or k/n or n*log(n).
 This can compare, multiply etc., but has **no** coefficient; the order of
 magnitude is managed here. Concretely for this ticket:
 !MonomialGrowthElement, implementation for powers.
     * #18930: Factory for user-friendly generation of growth groups
     * #17715 (!AsymptoticTerm): a summand for asymptotic expressions. They
 contain the growth and additional information on the type of the summand.
 For starters, there will be big-Oh terms (e.g. `O(n)` and exact terms
 (e.g. `3*n^2`).
     * #17693 (!MutablePoset): data structure for storing asymptotic terms
 within an asymptotic expression.
     * #17716 (!AsymptoticRing and !AsymptoticExpression): sum of
 asymptotic terms.

 * Extending the functionality of !AsymptoticExpression
     * #19017: Easy access to the `O`-constructor in `big_oh.py`.
     * #19068: Implement Division for asymptotic Expressions.
     * Implement higher-order operations like `exp` and `log` for
 asymptotic expressions.
     * Improve the user interface: extend the conversion from the symbolic
 ring such that more than just monomials can be converted.
     * Implement comparison for asymptotic expressions.
     * Improve the performance of computations in the !AsymptoticRing.
     * #19048: `AsymptoticRing.an_element()`
         * #19047: `QQ.some_elements()`

 * Extending the functionality of growth groups
     * #19028: More growth group implementations: exponential growth
 groups.
     * #18587: cartesian products for growth groups (allowing the
 construction of more complicated univariate as well as multivariate
 asymptotic expressions)
         * #18223: cartesian products with orders
         * #18586: passing on parameters and extra_category for cartesian
 products
         * implement dependencies like |k| <= n^1/2^ for different growth
 group variables.

 * Further plans
     * growth groups with asymptotic at a non-infinity point
     * Implementation of more types of asymptotic terms (little-oh terms,
 omega-terms, variations of big-Oh terms ...)


 * Additional Dependencies:
     * #18182: pushout construction and finding common parents
 for/including cartesian products
     * #18222: provide <=, <, >=, > for poset elements by the category
 (depends on #10130)

--

--
Ticket URL: <http://trac.sagemath.org/ticket/17601#comment:25>
Sage <http://www.sagemath.org>
Sage: Creating a Viable Open Source Alternative to Magma, Maple, Mathematica, 
and MATLAB

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