#19405: Add lyapunov_rank() method for polyhedral cones
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   Reporter:  mjo          |            Owner:
       Type:  enhancement  |           Status:  new
   Priority:  major        |        Milestone:  sage-6.10
  Component:  geometry     |         Keywords:
  Merged in:               |          Authors:
  Reviewers:               |  Report Upstream:  N/A
Work issues:               |           Branch:
     Commit:               |     Dependencies:
   Stopgaps:               |
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 The Lyapunov rank measures the length of a `lyapunov_like_basis()` and
 quantifies how many equations you can get out of the complementarity
 condition `<x,s> = 0`. Counting a basis is easy but unnecessarily slow
 when, for example, you have a single ray in a 100-dimensional space.

 The new `lyapunov_rank()` method computes the rank using a shortcut based
 on considering that single ray as living in its own span. Then the
 remaining 99-dimensions worth of zeros are easily dealt with.

 The operation of "considering the ray as living in its own span" is a bit
 tricky, and can only be done up to linear isomorphism. A private helper
 method `_restrict_to_space()` handles that.

 This is new stuff, but I've presented it to the department
 (http://michael.orlitzky.com/presentations
 /the_lyapunov_rank_of_an_improper_cone_-_part_i_-_algorithms.pdf) and a
 few people have even read the preprint. Perhaps more importantly, there's
 a doctest that checks the answer against the naive algorithm:
 `len(K.lyapunov_like_basis())`. So I'm Pretty Sure it works.

--
Ticket URL: <http://trac.sagemath.org/ticket/19405>
Sage <http://www.sagemath.org>
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