#8327: Implement the universal cyclotomic field, using Zumbroich basis
-------------------------------+--------------------------------------------
   Reporter:  nthiery          |       Owner:  davidloeffler                    
       Type:  enhancement      |      Status:  needs_review                     
   Priority:  major            |   Milestone:                                   
  Component:  number fields    |    Keywords:  Cyclotomic field, Zumbroich basis
     Author:  Christian Stump  |    Upstream:  N/A                              
   Reviewer:                   |      Merged:                                   
Work_issues:                   |  
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Description changed by stumpc5:

Old description:

> Here is a user story for this feature.
>
> We construct the universal cyclotomic field::
>
> {{{
>     sage: F = CyclotomicField()
> }}}
>
> This field contains all roots of unity:
>
> {{{
>     sage: z3 = F.zeta(3)
>     sage: z3
>     E(3)
>     sage: z3^3
>     1
>     sage: z5 = F.zeta(5)
>     sage: z5
>     E(5)
>     sage: z5^5
>     1
> }}}
>
> It comes equipped with a distinguished basis, called the Zumbroich
> basis, which consists of a strict subset of all roots of unity::
>
> {{{
>     sage: z9 = F.zeta(9)
>     -E(9)^4-E(9)^7
>     sage: z3 * z5
>     sage: E(15)^8
>     sage: z3 + z5
>     -E(15)^2-2*E(15)^8-E(15)^11-E(15)^13-E(15)^14
>     sage: [z9^i for i in range(0,9)]
>     [1, -E(9)^4-E(9)^7, E(9)^2, E(3), E(9)^4, E(9)^5, E(3)^2, E(9)^7,
> -E(9)^2-E(9)^5 ]
> }}}
>
> Note: we might want some other style of pretty printing.
>
> The following is called AsRootOfUnity in Chevie; we might want instead
> to use (z1*z3).multiplicative_order()::
>
> {{{
>     sage: (z1*z3).as_root_of_unity()
>     11/18
> }}}
>
> Depending on the progress on #6391 (lib gap), we might want to
> implement this directly in Sage or to instead expose GAP's
> implementation, creating elements as in::
>
> {{{
> sage: z5 = gap("E(5)")
> sage: z3 = gap("E(3)")
> sage: z3+z5
> -E(15)^2-2*E(15)^8-E(15)^11-E(15)^13-E(15)^14
> }}}

New description:

 This patch provides the universal cyclotomic field

 {{{
     sage: UCF
     Universal Cyclotomic Field endowed with the Zumbroich basis
 }}}

 in sage. This field is the smallest field extension of QQ which contains
 all roots of unity.

 {{{
     sage: E(3); E(3)^3
     E(3)
     1
     sage: E(6); E(6)^2; E(6)^3; E(6)^6
     -E(3)^2
     E(3)
     -1
     1
 }}}

 It comes equipped with a distinguished basis, called the Zumbroich
 basis, which gives, for any n, A basis of QQ( E(n) ) over QQ, where (n,k)
 stands for E(n)^k.

 {{{
     sage: UCF.zumbroich_basis(6)
     [(6, 2), (6, 4)]
 }}}

 As seen for E(6), every element in UCF is expressed in terms of the
 smallest cyclotomic field in which it is contained.

 {{{
 sage: E(6)*E(4)
 -E(12)^11
 }}}

 It provides arithmetics on UCF as addition, multiplication, and inverses:

 {{{
     sage: E(3)+E(4)
     E(12)^4 - E(12)^7 - E(12)^11
     sage: E(3)*E(4)
     E(12)^7
     sage: (E(3)+E(4)).inverse()
     E(12)^4 + E(12)^8 + E(12)^11
     sage: (E(3)+E(4))*(E(3)+E(4)).inverse()
     1
 }}}

 And also things like Galois conjugates.

 {{{
     sage: (E(3)+E(4)).galois_conjugates()
     [E(12)^4 - E(12)^7 - E(12)^11, -E(12)^7 + E(12)^8 - E(12)^11, E(12)^4
 + E(12)^7 + E(12)^11, E(12)^7 + E(12)^8 + E(12)^11]
 }}}

 The ticket does not use the gap interface; it depends on #9651 (Addition
 of combinatorial free module).

--

-- 
Ticket URL: <http://trac.sagemath.org/sage_trac/ticket/8327#comment:11>
Sage <http://www.sagemath.org>
Sage: Creating a Viable Open Source Alternative to Magma, Maple, Mathematica, 
and MATLAB

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