#12876: Fix element and parent classes of Hom categories to be abstract, and
simplify the Hom logic.
---------------------------+------------------------------------------------
   Reporter:  nthiery      |             Owner:  nthiery          
       Type:  enhancement  |            Status:  new              
   Priority:  major        |         Milestone:  sage-5.1         
  Component:  categories   |          Keywords:  categories, Hom  
Work issues:               |   Report Upstream:  N/A              
  Reviewers:               |           Authors:  Nicolas M. ThiƩry
  Merged in:               |      Dependencies:                   
   Stopgaps:               |  
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 This patch fixes the parent and element classes for Hom categories to
 be purely abstract, and simplifies the Hom logic:

 - Unified the logic for selecting the class when building a Homset
   (e.g. Homset, RingHomset, HeckeModuleHomspace, ...). This is now
   systematically done through the _Hom_ hook. The logic still has a
   fundamental flaw, but that's for the later #10668.
 - The cache for Hom is handled at a single point in Hom
   In particular, homsets created via the _Hom_ hook are now unique.
 - If category is None, Hom simply calls itself with the meet of the
   categories of the parent, which removes a cache handling duplication.
 - Parent.Hom calls  Hom directly (removes duplicate _Hom_ logic).
 - ParentWithBase.Hom was redundant and is gone.
 - Reduce the footprint of the current trick to delegate
   Hom(F,F)(on_basis=...) to module_morphism.
 - Update a doctest in sage.modules.vector_space_homspace to take into
   account that homsets created via _Hom_ are now unique.
 - Scheme is (apparently) an abstract base class; so it should not be
   instantiated. I changed some doctests in
   sage.schemes.generic.SchemeMorphism to use instead the concrete
   Spec(ZZ). Those doctests were breaking because Scheme does not
   implement equality, which is required for Hom caching.

 As a byproduct, the HeckeModules category does not import any more
 HeckeModulesHomspace, which was a recurrent source of import loops.

-- 
Ticket URL: <http://trac.sagemath.org/sage_trac/ticket/12876>
Sage <http://www.sagemath.org>
Sage: Creating a Viable Open Source Alternative to Magma, Maple, Mathematica, 
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