Make the mpileup step output vcf (drop the -Ou option) and check what the output looks like. Are there any candidate variant sites?

On 24/09/2020 00:16, Elisabeth Diatta wrote:
Thank you Petr for your response.
I tried the command in the link you sent me however, it only creates the header of the bcf file after running for about 24hrs. No calls are made.

Can you please help me solve this?


Elisabeth


On Wednesday, September 23, 2020, 02:39:54 AM GMT-4, Petr Danecek <p...@sanger.ac.uk> wrote:


Hi,

you are using very old commands, this is the current way:
http://samtools.github.io/bcftools/howtos/variant-calling.html [samtools.github.io] <https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__samtools.github.io_bcftools_howtos_variant-2Dcalling.html&d=DwMCaQ&c=D7ByGjS34AllFgecYw0iC6Zq7qlm8uclZFI0SqQnqBo&r=xdvdTaAZDWitAtUqWIZL0A&m=cuZdecjfTS1qvWte1BHe6ppR8mq-psUbLO0KHfvIrx8&s=eDQxroEP9HQhY8J4xoPZYn72LnuBFWtUqz7-4FMHP-Q&e=>

Best,
Petr


On 23/09/2020 04:26, Elisabeth Diatta via Samtools-help wrote:
Hello, my name is Elisabeth.

I am seeking help about some analysis I've been doing with samtools and bcftools.

In my SNP calling process, I face a problem in the step passing from the BAM to the VCF file, I always get the following error message and I wanted to know if you know what that error means and how to solve this.
Error message:
*[mpileup] 1 samples in 1 input files
[E::bcf_hdr_read] Failed to read BCF header
Failed to open -: could not parse header*
*
*
My command is:
*samtools mpileup -uf reference.fa file.sorted.bam | bcftools call -m -v -O z - > file.raw.vcf.gz*
*
*
I have searched online for solutions but did not find any that works. Could you please help me figure out what I am doing wrong in the calling?
Thank you.

Best,
Elisabeth


    On Tue, Sep 22, 2020 at 9:36 AM, Robert Davies
    <r...@sanger.ac.uk> <mailto:r...@sanger.ac.uk> wrote:
    Samtools (and HTSlib and BCFtools) version 1.11 is now available from
    GitHub and SourceForge

    https://sourceforge.net/projects/samtools/ [sourceforge.net]
    
<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__sourceforge.net_projects_samtools_&d=DwMFaQ&c=D7ByGjS34AllFgecYw0iC6Zq7qlm8uclZFI0SqQnqBo&r=xdvdTaAZDWitAtUqWIZL0A&m=YtERQE9oUxXB0-ZMrP5yIPUnCYcun7jng0mJN5vi6dY&s=egdRzxfLdh6XidOcYBvHRv_hz7BGQBfcFlnSnlIvMcI&e=>
    https://github.com/samtools/htslib/releases/tag/1.11 [github.com]
    
<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__github.com_samtools_htslib_releases_tag_1.11&d=DwMFaQ&c=D7ByGjS34AllFgecYw0iC6Zq7qlm8uclZFI0SqQnqBo&r=xdvdTaAZDWitAtUqWIZL0A&m=YtERQE9oUxXB0-ZMrP5yIPUnCYcun7jng0mJN5vi6dY&s=J88rSVe0yWP2ZRwm39hQGA0i_i9m85HpyLcKjvmITPk&e=>
    https://github.com/samtools/samtools/releases/tag/1.11
    [github.com]
    
<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__github.com_samtools_samtools_releases_tag_1.11&d=DwMFaQ&c=D7ByGjS34AllFgecYw0iC6Zq7qlm8uclZFI0SqQnqBo&r=xdvdTaAZDWitAtUqWIZL0A&m=YtERQE9oUxXB0-ZMrP5yIPUnCYcun7jng0mJN5vi6dY&s=CckjS31lc5ZL50KUUgr4Z1h2W7AZl4ujbB2aofYk5Rw&e=>
    https://github.com/samtools/bcftools/releases/tag/1.11
    [github.com]
    
<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__github.com_samtools_bcftools_releases_tag_1.11&d=DwMFaQ&c=D7ByGjS34AllFgecYw0iC6Zq7qlm8uclZFI0SqQnqBo&r=xdvdTaAZDWitAtUqWIZL0A&m=YtERQE9oUxXB0-ZMrP5yIPUnCYcun7jng0mJN5vi6dY&s=hf_OWb_xoM4LQhyjoFPf1tfpfWW_mOyTJWw7Z4TEJJE&e=>
    The main changes are listed below:

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    htslib - changes v1.11
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Features and Updates
    --------------------

    * Support added for remote reference files.  fai_path() can take
    a remote
      reference file and will return the corresponding index file. 
    Remote
      indexes can be handled by refs_load_fai().  UR tags in @SQ
    lines can
      now be set to remote URIs. (#1017)

    * Added tabix --separate-regions option, which adds header
    comment lines
      separating different regions' output records when multiple
    target regions
      are supplied on the command line. (#1108)

    * Added tabix --cache option to set a BGZF block cache size. 
    Most beneficial
      when the -R option is used and the same blocks need to be
    re-read multiple
      times.  (#1053)

    * Improved error checking in tabix and added a --verbosity option
    so it is
      possible to change the amount of logging when it runs. (#1040)

    * A note about the maximum chromosome length usable with TBI
    indexes has been
      added to the tabix manual page. Thanks to John Marshall.  (#1070)

    * New method vcf_open_mode() changes the opening mode of a
    variant file based
      on its file extension. Similar to sam_open_mode(). (#1096)

    * The VCF parser has been made faster and easier to maintain. (#1057)

    * bcf_record_check() has been made faster, giving a 15% speed
    increase when
      reading an uncompressed BCF file. (#1130)

    * The VCF parser now recognises the "<NON_REF>" symbolic allele
    produced by
      GATK. (#1045)

    * Support has been added for simultaneous reading of unindexed
    VCF/BCF files
      when using the synced_bcf_reader interface.  Input files must
    have the
      chromosomes in the same order as each other and be consistent
    with the
      order of sequences in the header. (#1089)

    * The VCF and BCF readers will now attempt to fix up invalid
    INFO/END tags
      where the stored END value is less than POS, resulting in an
    apparently
      negative record length.  Such files have been generated by
    programs which
      used END incorrectly, and by broken lift-over processes that
    failed to
      update any END tags present. (#1021; fixed samtools/bcftools#1154)

    * The htsFile interface can now detect the crypt4gh encrypted
    format (see
    https://samtools.github.io/hts-specs/crypt4gh.pdf
    [samtools.github.io]
    
<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__samtools.github.io_hts-2Dspecs_crypt4gh.pdf&d=DwMFaQ&c=D7ByGjS34AllFgecYw0iC6Zq7qlm8uclZFI0SqQnqBo&r=xdvdTaAZDWitAtUqWIZL0A&m=YtERQE9oUxXB0-ZMrP5yIPUnCYcun7jng0mJN5vi6dY&s=8h8iHh1NNtEw1mx62jSAIeP_edPkFc0S0tjogWQrflY&e=>).
 
    If HTSlib is built
      with external plug-in support, and the hfile_crypt4gh plug-in
    is present,
      the file will be passed to it for decryption.  The plug-in can
    be obtained
      from https://github.com/samtools/htslib-crypt4gh. [github.com]
    
<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__github.com_samtools_htslib-2Dcrypt4gh.&d=DwMFaQ&c=D7ByGjS34AllFgecYw0iC6Zq7qlm8uclZFI0SqQnqBo&r=xdvdTaAZDWitAtUqWIZL0A&m=YtERQE9oUxXB0-ZMrP5yIPUnCYcun7jng0mJN5vi6dY&s=8CqSiPPmQGEjFrb0c7n4YhtLPh7XU7BPqPLBEvAC7es&e=>(#1046)

    * hts_srand48() now seeds the same POSIX-standard sequences of
    pseudo-random
      numbers regardless of platform, including on OpenBSD where
    plain srand48()
      produces a different cryptographically-strong non-deterministic
    sequence.
      Thanks to John Marshall. (#1002)

    * Iterators now work with 64 bit positions. (#1018)

    * Improved the speed of range queries when using BAI indexes by
    making better
      use of the linear index data included in the file. The best
    improvement is
      on low-coverage data. (#1031)

    * Alignments which consume no reference bases are now considered
    to have
      length 1.  This would make such alignments cover 1 reference
    position in
      the same manner as alignments that are unmapped or have no CIGAR
      strings. These alignments can now be returned by iterator-based
    queries.
        Thanks to John Marshall. (#1063; fixed
    samtools/samtools#1240, see also
      samtools/hts-specs#521).

    * A bam_set_seqi() function to modify a single base in the BAM
    structure has
      been added.  This is a companion function to bam_seqi(). (#1022)

    * Writing SAM format is around 30% faster. (#1035)

    * Added sam_format_aux1() which converts a BAM aux tag to a SAM
    format
      string. (#1134)

    * bam_aux_update_str() no longer requires NUL-terminated
    strings.  It is also
      now possible to create tags containing part of a longer string.
    (#1088)

    * It is now possible to use external plug-ins in language
    bindings that
      dynamically load HTSlib.  Note that a side-effect of this change is
      that some plug-ins now link against libhts.so, which means that
    they
      have to be able to find the shared library when they are
    started up.
      Thanks to John Marshall. (#1072)

    * bgzf_close(), and therefore hts_close(), will now return
    non-zero when
      closing a BGZF handle on which errors have been detected. 
    (Part of #1117)

    * Added a special case to the kt_fisher_exact() test for when the
    table
      probability is too small to be represented in a double.  This
    fixes a
      bug where it would, for some inputs, fail to correctly
    determine which
      side of the distribution the table was on resulting in swapped
    p-values
      being returned for the left- and right-tailed tests.  The
    two-tailed
      test value was not affected by this problem. (#1126)

    * Improved error diagnostics in the CRAM decoder (#1042), BGZF
    (#1049), the
      VCF and BCF readers (#1059), and the SAM parser (#1073).

    * ks_resize() now allocates 1.5 times the requested size when it
    needs to
      expand a kstring instead of rounding up to the next power of
    two. This has
      been done mainly to make the inlined function smaller, but it
    also reduces
      the overhead of storing data in kstrings at the expense of
    possibly needing
      a few more reallocations. (#1129)

    CRAM improvements
    -----------------

    * Delay CRAM crc32 checks until the data actually needs to be
    used.  With
      other changes this leads to a 20x speed up in indexing and
    other sub-query
      based actions. (#988)

    * CRAM now handles the transition from mapped to unmapped data in
    a better
      way, improving compression of the unmapped data. (#961)

    * CRAM can now use libdeflate. (#961)

    * Fixed bug in MD tag generation with "b" read feature codes,
    causing the
      numbers in the tag to be too large.  Note that HTSlib never
    uses this
      feature code so it is unlikely that this bug would be seen on
    real data.
      The problem was found when testing against hand-crafted CRAM
    files. (#1086)

    * Fixed a regression where the CRAM multi-region iterator became
    much less
      efficient when using threads.  It now works more like the
    single iterator
      and does not preemptively decode the next container unless it
    will be used.
      (#1061)

    * Set CRAM default quality in lossy quality modes. If lossy
    quality is
      enabled and 'B', 'q' or 'Q' features are used, CRAM starts off with
      QUAL being all 255 (as per BAM spec and "*" quality) and then
    modifies
      individual qualities as dictated by the specific features.

      However that then produces ASCII quality " " (space, q=-1) for the
    unmodified bases.  Instead ASCII quality "?" (q=30) is used, as per
    HTSJDK. Quality 255 is still used for sequences with no
    modifications at
    all. (#1094)

    Build changes
    -------------

    These are compiler, configuration and makefile based changes.

    * `make all` now also builds htslib_static.mk and
    htslib-uninstalled.pc.
      Thanks to John Marshall. (#1011)

    * Various cppcheck-1.90 warnings have been fixed. (#995, #1011)

    * HTSlib now prefers its own headers when being compiled, fixing
    build
      failures on machines that already had a system-installed HTSlib.
      Thanks to John Marshall. (#1078; fixed #347)

    * Define HTSLIB_EXPORT without using a helper macro to reduce the
    length of
      compiler diagnostics that mention exported functions.  Thanks
    to John
      Marshall. (#1029)

    * Fix dirty default build by including latest pkg.m4 instead of using
      aclocal.m4. Thanks to Damien Zammit. (#1091)

    * Struct tags have been added to htslib/*.h public typedefs. 
    This makes it
      possible to forward declare htsFile without including
    htslib/hts.h. Thanks
      to Lucas Czech and John Marshall. (#1115; fixed #1106)

    * Fixed compiler warnings emitted by the latest gcc and clang
    releases when
      compiling HTSlib, along with some -Wextra warnings in the
    public include
      files.  Thanks to John Marshall. (#1066, #1063, #1083)

    Bug fixes
    ---------

    * Fixed hfile_libcurl breakage when using libcurl 7.69.1 or later.
      Thanks to John Marshall for tracking down the exact libcurl
    change that
      caused the incompatibility. (#1105; fixed
    samtools/samtools#1254 and
      samtools/samtools#1284)

    * Fixed overflows kroundup32() and kroundup_size_t() which caused
    them to
      return zero when rounding up values where the most significant
    bit was set.
        When this happens they now return the highest value that can
    be stored
      (#1044).  All of the kroundup macro definitions have also been
    gathered
      together into a unified implementation (#1051).

    * Fixed missing return parameter value in idx_test_and_fetch().
    Thanks to
      Lilian Janin. (#1014)

    * Fixed crashes due to inconsistent selection between BGZF and
    plain (hFILE)
      interfaces when reading files. [fuzz] (#1019)

    * Added and/or fixed byte swapping code for big-endian
    platforms.  Thanks to
      Jun Aruga, John Marshall, Michael R Crusoe and Gianfranco
    Costamagna for
      their help. (#1023; fixed #119 and #355)

    * Fixed a problem with multi-threaded on-the-fly indexes which would
      occasionally write virtual offsets pointing at the end of a
    BGZF block.
      Attempting to read from such an offset caused EOF to be incorrectly
      reported.  These offsets are now handled correctly, and the
    indexer has
      been updated to avoid generating them.  (#1028; fixed
      samtools/samtools#1197)

    * In sam_hdr_create(), free newly allocated SN strings when
    encountering an
      error. [fuzz] (#1034)

    * Prevent double free in case of idx_test_and_fetch() failure.
    Thanks to
      @fanwayne for the bug report. (#1047; fixed #1033)

    * In the header, link a new PG line only to valid chains. Prevents an
      explosive growth of PG lines on headers where PG lines are
    already present
      but not linked together correctly. (#1062; fixed
    samtools/samtools#1235)

    * Also in the header, when calling sam_hdr_update_line(), update
    target
      arrays only when the name or length is changed. (#1007)

    * Fixed buffer overflows in CRAM MD5 calculation triggered by
    files with
      invalid compression headers, or files with embedded references
    that were
      one byte too short. [fuzz] (#1024, #1068)

    * Fix mpileup regression between 1.9 and 1.10 where overlap
    detection was
      incorrectly skipped on reads where RNEXT, PNEXT and TLEN were
    set to the
      "unavailable" values ("*", 0, 0 in SAM). (#1097)

    * kputs() now checks for null pointer in source string. [fuzz]
    (#1087)

    * Fix potential bcf_update_alleles() crash on 0 alleles. Thanks
    to John
      Marshall. (#994)

    * Added bcf_unpack() calls to some bcf_update functions to fix a
    bug where
      updates made after a call to bcf_dup() could be lost. (#1032;
    fixed #1030)

    * Error message typo "Number=R" instead of "Number=G" fixed in
      bcf_remove_allele_set(). Thanks to Ilya Vorontsov. (#1100)

    * Fixed crashes that could occur in BCF files that use IDX= header
      annotations to create a sparse set of CHROM, FILTER or FORMAT
    indexes,
      and include records that use one of the missing index values.
    [fuzz]
      (#1092)

    * Fixed potential integer overflows in the VCF parser and ensured
    that the
      total length of FORMAT fields cannot go over 2Gbytes. [fuzz]
    (#1044, #1104)

    * Download index files atomically in idx_test_and_fetch().  This
    prevents
      corruption when running parallel jobs on S3 files.  Thanks to John
      Marshall. (#1112; samtools/samtools#1242).

    * The pileup constructor callback is now given the copy of the
    bam1_t struct
      made by pileup instead of the original one passed to
    bam_plp_push().  This
      makes it the same as the one passed to the destructor and
    ensures that
      cached data, for example the location of an aux tag, will
    remain valid.
      (#1127)

    * Fixed possible error in code_sort() on negative CRAM Huffman
    code length.
      (#1008)

    * Fixed possible undefined shift in
    cram_byte_array_stop_decode_init().
      (#1009)

    * Fixed a bug where range queries to the end of a given reference
    would
      return incorrect results on CRAM files. (#1016; fixed
      samtools/samtools#1173)

    * Fixed an integer overflow in cram_read_slice(). [fuzz] (#1026)

    * Fixed a memory leak on failure in cram_decode_slice(). [fuzz]
    (#1054)

    * Fixed a regression which caused cram_transcode_rg() to fail,
    resulting
      in a crash in "samtools cat" on CRAM files. (#1093; fixed
      samtools/samtools#1276)

    * Fixed an undersized string reallocation in the threaded SAM
    reader which
      caused it to crash when reading SAM files with very long
    lines.  Numerous
      memory allocation checks have also been added. (#1117)

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    samtools - changes v1.11
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------

      * New samtools ampliconclip sub-command for removing primers from
        amplicon-based sequencing experiments, including the current
    COVID-19
        projects.  The primers are listed in a BED file and can be either
        soft-clipped or hard-clipped. (#1219)

      * New samtools ampliconstats sub-command to produce a textual
    summary of
        primer and amplicon usage, in a similar style to "samtools
    stats". The
        misc/plot-ampliconstats script can generate PNG images based
    on this text
        report. (#1227)

      * Samtools fixmate, addreplacerg, markdup, ampliconclip and
    sort now accept
        a -u option to enable uncompressed output, which is useful
    when sending
        data over a pipe to another process.  Other subcommands which
    already
        support this option for the same purpose are calmd, collate,
    merge, view
        and depad. (#1265)

      * samtools stats has a new GCT section, where it reports ACGT
    content
        percentages, similar to GCC but taking into account the read
    orientation.
        (#1274)

      * Samtools split now supports splitting by tag content with the
    -d option
        (#1211)

      * samtools merge now accepts a BED file as a command line
    argument (-L) and
        does the merging only with reads overlapping the specified
    regions (#1156)

      * Samtools sort now has a minhash collation (-M) to group
    unmapped reads
        with similar sequence together.  This can sometimes
    significantly reduce
        the file size. (#1093)

      * Samtools bedcov now has -g and -G options to filter-in and
    filter-out
        based on the FLAG field.  Also the new -d option adds an
    extra column per
        file counting the number of bases with a depth greater than
    or equal to a
        given threshold. (#1214)

      * Fixed samtools bedcov -j option (discard deletions and
    ref-skips) with
        multiple input files (#1212)

      * samtools bedcov will now accept BED files with columns
    separated by spaces
        as well as tabs (#1246; #1188 reported by Mary Carmack)

      * samtools depth can now include deletions (D) when computing
    the base
        coverage depth, if the user adds the -J option to the command
    line
        (#1163).

      * samtools depth will count only the bases of one read, for the
    overlapping
        section of a read pair, if the -s option is used in the
    command line
        (#1241, thanks to Teng Li).

      * samtools depth will now write zeros for the entire reference
    length, when
        "samtools depth -aa" is run on a file with no alignments.
    (#1252; #1249
        reported by Paul Donovan)

      * Stopped depth from closing stdout, which triggered test fails
    in pysam
        (#1208, thanks to John Marshall).

      * samtools view now accepts remote URIs for FASTA and FAI files.
        Furthermore, the reference and index file can be provided in
    a single
        argument, such as samtools view -T
    ftp://x.com/ref.fa##idx##ftp://y.com/index.fa.fai [x.com]
    
<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=ftp-3A__x.com_ref.fa-23-23idx-23-23ftp-3A__y.com_index.fa.fai&d=DwMFaQ&c=D7ByGjS34AllFgecYw0iC6Zq7qlm8uclZFI0SqQnqBo&r=xdvdTaAZDWitAtUqWIZL0A&m=YtERQE9oUxXB0-ZMrP5yIPUnCYcun7jng0mJN5vi6dY&s=bl5uY9qF2vhdNat5tKK1NhvGS5LotUBnsfAirgUgkto&e=>a.cram
    (#1176;
        samtools/htslib#933 reported by @uitde007)

      * samtools faidx gets new options --fai-idx and --gzi-idx to allow
        specification of the locations of the .fai and (if needed)
    .gzi index
        files. (#1283)

      * The samtools fasta/fastq '-T' option can now add SAM array
    (type 'B') tags
        to the output header lines. (#1301)

      * samtools mpileup can now display MAPQ either as ASCII
    characters (with
        -s/--output-MQ; column now restored to its documented order
    as in 1.9 and
        previous versions) or comma-separated numbers (with
    --output-extra MAPQ;
        in SAM column order alongside other selected --output-extra
    columns).

      When both -s/--output-MQ and -O/--output-BP are used, samtools
    1.10 printed
    the extra columns in the opposite order.  This changes the format
    produced
    by 1.10's --output-extra MAPQ. (#1281, thanks to John Marshall;
    reported by
    Christoffer Flensburg)

      * samtools tview now accepts a -w option to set the output
    width in text
        mode (-d T). (#1280)

      * The dict command can now add AN tags containing alternative
    names with
        "chr" prefixes added to or removed from each sequence name as
    appropriate
        and listing both "M" and "MT" alternatives for mitochondria.
    (#1164,
        thanks to John Marshall)

      * The samtools import command, labelled as obsolete in May 2009
    and removed
        from all help and documentation later that year, has finally
    been removed.
        Use samtools view instead. (#1185)

      * Replaced the remaining usage of the Samtools 0.1 legacy API
    with htslib
        calls. (#1187, thanks to John Marshall)

      * Documentation / help improvements (#1154; #1168; #1191;
    #1199; #1204;
        #1313):

        - Fixed a few man-page table layout issues

        - Added <file>##idx##<index> filename documentation

        - Fixed usage statement for samtools addreplacerg

        - Miscellaneous spelling and grammar fixes

        - Note fixmate/markdup name collated rather than name sorted
    input

        - Note that fastq and fasta inputs should also be name collated

        - Reshuffled order of main man-page and added -@ to more
    sub-pages

        - The misc/seq_cache_populate.pl script now gives REF_CACHE
    guidance

      * Additional documentation improvements, thanks to John
    Marshall (#1181;
        #1224; #1248; #1262; #1300)

        - Emphasise that samtools index requires a position-sorted file

        - Document 2^29 chromosome length limit in BAI indexes

        - Numerous typing, spelling and formatting fixes

      * Improved the message printed when samtools view fails to read
    its input
        (#1296)

      * Added build support for the OpenIndiana OS (#1165, thanks to John
        Marshall)

      * Fixed failing tests on OpenBSD (#1151, thanks to John Marshall)

      * The samtools sort tests now use less memory so the test suite
    works better
        on small virtual machines. (#1159)

      * Improved markdup's calculation of insert sizes (#1161) Also
    improved tests
        (#1150) and made it run faster when not checking for optical
    duplicates or
        adding 'do' tags (#1308)

      * Fixed samtools coverage minor inconsistency vs idxstats
    (#1205; #1203
        reported by @calliza)

      * Fixed samtools coverage quality thresholding options which
    were the wrong
        way round compared to mpileup (-q is the mapping quality
    threshold and -Q
        is base quality). (#1279; #1278 reported by @kaspernie)

      * Fixed bug where `samtools fastq -i` would add two copies of
    the barcode in
        the fastq header if both reads in a pair had a "BC:Z" tag
    (#1309; #1307
        reported by @mattsoup)

      * Samtools calmd no longer errors with a SEQ of "*" (#1230;
    #1229 reported
        by Bob Harris)

      * Samtools tview now honours $COLUMNS, fixing some CI tests
    (#1171; #1162
        reported by @cljacobs)

      * Fixed a samtools depad overflow condition (#1200)

      * Improved curses detection in configure script (#1170, #577, #940)

      * Fixed samtools stats integer overflows and added support for long
        references (#1174; #1173)

      * Fixed a 1-byte undersized memory allocation in samtools
    merge. (#1302)

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    bcftools - changes v1.11
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Changes affecting the whole of bcftools, or multiple commands:

    * Filtering -i/-e expressions

        - Breaking change in -i/-e expressions on the FILTER column. 
    Originally
          it was possible to query only a subset of filters, but not
    an exact
          match. The new behavior is:

      FILTER="A"          .. exact match, for example "A;B" does not pass
    FILTER!="A"        .. exact match, for example "A;B" does pass
    FILTER~"A"
              .. both "A" and "A;B" pass FILTER!~"A"        ..
    neither "A" nor
    "A;B" pass

        - Fix in commutative comparison operators, in some cases
    reversing sides
          would produce incorrect results (#1224; #1266)

        - Better support for filtering on sample subsests

        - Add SMPL_*/S* family of functions that evaluate within
    rather than
          across all samples. (#1180)

    * Improvements in the build system

    Changes affecting specific commands:

    * bcftools annotate:

        - Previously it was not possible to use `--columns =TAG` with
    INFO
          tags and the `--merge-logic` feature was restricted to tab
    files
          with BEG,END columns, now extended to work also with REF,ALT.

        - Make `annotate -TAG/+TAG` work also with FORMAT fields. (#1259)

        - ID and FILTER can be transferred to INFO and ID can be
    populated from
          INFO.  However, the FILTER column still cannot be populated
    from an
          INFO tag because all possible FILTER values must be known
    at the time
          of writing the header (#947; #1187)

    * bcftools consensus:

        - Fix in handling symbolic deletions and overlapping
    variants. (#1149;
          #1155; #1295)

        - Fix `--iupac-codes` crash on REF-only positions with
    `ALT="."`. (#1273)

        - Fix `--chain` crash. (#1245)

        - Preserve the case of the genome reference. (#1150)

        - Add new `-a, --absent` option which allows to set positions
    with no
          supporting evidence to "N" (or any other character). (#848;
    #940)

    * bcftools convert:

        - The option `--vcf-ids` now works also with
    `-haplegendsample2vcf`.
          (#1217)

        - New option `--keep-duplicates`

    * bcftools csq:

        - Add `misc/gff2gff.py` script for conversion between various
    flavors
          of GFF files. The initial commit supports only one type and was
          contributed by @flashton2003. (#530)

        - Add missing consequence types. (PR #1203; #1292)

        - Allow overlapping CDS to support ribosomal slippage. (#1208)

    * bcftools +fill-tags:

        - Added new annotations: INFO/END, TYPE, F_MISSING.

    * bcftools filter:

        - Make `--SnpGap` optionally filter also SNPs close to other
    variant
          types. (#1126)

    * bcftools gtcheck:

        - Complete revamp of the command. The new version is faster and
          allows N:M sample comparisons, not just 1:N or NxN comparisons.
          Some functionality was lost (plotting and clustering) but
    may be
          added back on popular demand.

    * bcftools +mendelian:

        - Revamp of user options, output VCFs with mendelian errors
    annotation,
          read PED files (thanks to Giulio Genovese).

    * bcftools merge:

        - Update headers when appropriate with the '--info-rules
    *:join' INFO
          rule. (#1282)

        - Local alleles merging that produce LAA and LPL when
    requested, a draft
          implementation of
    https://github.com/samtools/hts-specs/pull/434 [github.com]
    
<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__github.com_samtools_hts-2Dspecs_pull_434&d=DwMFaQ&c=D7ByGjS34AllFgecYw0iC6Zq7qlm8uclZFI0SqQnqBo&r=xdvdTaAZDWitAtUqWIZL0A&m=YtERQE9oUxXB0-ZMrP5yIPUnCYcun7jng0mJN5vi6dY&s=qHXK5HGwi23-1D4FaA247qwIDTiZZwxOtFwO_pdKjaQ&e=>
          (#1138)

        - New `--no-index` which allows to merge unindexed files.
    Requires the
          input files to have chromosomes in th same order and
    consistent with
          the order of sequences in the header. (PR #1253;
    samtools/htslib#1089)

        - Fixes in gVCF merging. (#1127; #1164)

    * bcftools norm:

        - Fixes in `--check-ref s` reference setting features with
    non-ACGT
          bases. (#473; #1300)

        - New `--keep-sum` switch to keep vector sum constant when
    splitting
          multiallelics. (#360)

    * bcftools +prune:

        - Extend to allow annotating with various LD metrics: r^2,
    Lewontin's D'
          (PMID:19433632), or Ragsdale's D (PMID:31697386).

    * bcftools query:

        - New `%N_PASS()` formatting expression to output the number
    of samples
          that pass the filtering expression.

    * bcftools reheader:

        - Improved error reporting to prevent user mistakes. (#1288)

    * bcftools roh:

        - Several fixes and improvements

            - the `--AF-file` description incorrectly suggested
    "REF\tALT"
              instead of the correct "REF,ALT". (#1142)

            - RG lines could have negative length. (#1144)

            - new `--include-noalt` option to allow also ALT=.
    records. (#1137)

    * bcftools scatter:

        - New plugin intended as a convenient inverse to `concat`
    (thanks to
          Giulio Genovese, PR #1249)

    * bcftools +split:

        - New `--groups-file` option for more flexibility of defining
    desired
          output. (#1240)

        - New `--hts-opts` option to reduce required memory by
    reusing one
          output header and allow overriding the default hFile's
    block size
          with `--hts-opts block_size=XXX`. On some file systems
    (lustre) the
          default size can be 4M which becomes a problem when
    splitting files
          with 10+ samples.

        - Add support for multisample output and sample renaming

    * bcftools +split-vep:

        - Add default types (Integer, Float, String) for VEP
    subfields and make
          `--columns -` extract all subfields into INFO tags in one go.



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    Limited, a charity registered in England with number 1021457 and a
    company registered in England with number 2742969, whose registered
    office is 215 Euston Road, London, NW1 2BE.


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-- The Wellcome Sanger Institute is operated by Genome Research Limited, a charity registered in England with number 1021457 and a company registered in England with number 2742969, whose registered office is 215 Euston Road, London, NW1 2BE.
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