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Today's Topics:
1. The prefix "vi" (Vis Tekumalla)
2. Re: The prefix "vi" (P.K.Ramakrishnan)
3. Re: The prefix "vi" (P.K.Ramakrishnan)
4. Re: Sanskrit Parser. (Lakshmi Srinivas)
5. preverb vi (Desiraju Hanumanta Rao)
6. Re: The prefix "vi" (Ambujam Raman)
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Message: 1
Date: Tue, 22 Mar 2005 12:10:28 -0800 (PST)
From: Vis Tekumalla <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: [Sanskrit] The prefix "vi"
To: Sanskrit <[email protected]>
Message-ID: <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Namaste:
We come across the prefix "vi" used differently with different words and
different contexts. For example, vi-j~nAna (visheSha j~nAna), vikarNa
(visheSha-karNa or vinA-karNa), vi-lochana, vi-naShTa, etc. Are there any rules
governing how "vi" prefix should be used to mean visheSha vs. vinA?
vi-shveshvaraH:-)
...Vis Tekumalla
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
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Message: 2
Date: Tue, 22 Mar 2005 17:18:10 -0800 (PST)
From: "P.K.Ramakrishnan" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: [Sanskrit] The prefix "vi"
To: Vis Tekumalla <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>, sanskrit digest
<[email protected]>
Message-ID: <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
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vi in vishveshwara is different from vi in vijnana. vishvwshvara is vishva +
ishvara
PKR
Vis Tekumalla <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
Namaste:
We come across the prefix "vi" used differently with different words and
different contexts. For example, vi-j~nAna (visheSha j~nAna), vikarNa
(visheSha-karNa or vinA-karNa), vi-lochana, vi-naShTa, etc. Are there any rules
governing how "vi" prefix should be used to mean visheSha vs. vinA?
vi-shveshvaraH:-)
...Vis Tekumalla
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
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Message: 3
Date: Tue, 22 Mar 2005 21:50:37 -0800 (PST)
From: "P.K.Ramakrishnan" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: [Sanskrit] The prefix "vi"
To: Vis Tekumalla <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>, sanskrit digest
<[email protected]>
Message-ID: <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
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This I got from the web -
'vi' is used as prefix (upasarga) to make new words| it modifies the original
word in different ways|
division, special - bhAga -> vi-bhAga
distinction - sheSha -> vi-sheSha
opposition - kraya -> vi-kraya;
deliberation - vichAra
variety - chitra -> vi-chitra; vi-vidha; vi-jJAna (vi-GYAna)
intensity -> bhIShaNa -> vibhIShaNa; vi-karAla
vijyota could mean a special light, flame!
Vis Tekumalla <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
Namaste:
We come across the prefix "vi" used differently with different words and
different contexts. For example, vi-j~nAna (visheSha j~nAna), vikarNa
(visheSha-karNa or vinA-karNa), vi-lochana, vi-naShTa, etc. Are there any rules
governing how "vi" prefix should be used to mean visheSha vs. vinA?
vi-shveshvaraH:-)
...Vis Tekumalla
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
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Message: 4
Date: Wed, 23 Mar 2005 04:35:21 -0800 (PST)
From: Lakshmi Srinivas <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: [Sanskrit] Sanskrit Parser.
To: Atul Kulkarni <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>, Sanskrit Mailing List
<[email protected]>
Message-ID: <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
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The question is what are you writing a parser for - because Sanskrit is
'readily in BNF form'. This comment needs to be put in perspective.
Panini's ashtadhyayi, which is a descriptive grammar of the Sanskrit language,
is in a notation equal in power to that of the BNF notation. Plse refer in this
context:
P Z Ingerman, 'Panini-Backus form' suggested, Communications of the ACM 10
(3)(1967), 137.
Suffice it to say that a sentence is Sanskrit itself is not in BNF form !!!
Hope this helps,
Lakshmi Srinivas
Atul Kulkarni <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
Hi All,
I am trying to delve in to the feild of sanskrit parser, using the
sanskrit grammer (panini's Ashtadyayi), coz I have heard it is readily
in BNF (form of grammer used to design the parser). Can members of
this community help me in designing this project. I am a novice to the
language, but know few basics about it! (learned few basics long time
back in school!) I need to understand that how the langugae treats the
words while using.
Regards,
Atul.
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Message: 5
Date: Wed, 23 Mar 2005 05:40:11 -0800 (PST)
From: Desiraju Hanumanta Rao <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: [Sanskrit] preverb vi
To: [email protected]
Message-ID: <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
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Pl consult Apte's dic. about ' vi ' - some info is there. It is both an
intesifier and a modifier -
desiraju hanumanta rao
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Message: 6
Date: Wed, 23 Mar 2005 12:54:08 -0500
From: "Ambujam Raman" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: [Sanskrit] The prefix "vi"
To: "Vis Tekumalla" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>, "Sanskrit"
<[email protected]>
Message-ID: <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
To undestand the meaning of a word in context, one need to know how the word is
derived. If it is a newly coined word using an upasarga then the meaning
should be according to the normal way the upasarga modifies the word.
In words starting with 'vi' one should know whether
1. It is part of the word
2. It is an upasarga
3. It is an avyaya
4. in a contracted form in a tatpurusha (praadi) or bahuvrIhi compound.
For example:
1. In the word 'vikkaH' meaning a young elephant, vi is part of the word since
kkaH does not have a separate meaning or is derived from another word using a
k^Rit affix. The dictionary or nikhaNdu is the only source for finding the
meaning of such words.
2. Upasargas or prepositions (20 or 22 in number depending on how you count)
are added to roots which modify, intensify or sometimes entirely alter the
meaning. The important meanings are usually listed in the dictionary but not
always! By attaching taddhita or k^Rit terminations other words can be derived.
The different meanings of 'vi' as an upasarga are listed in Apte as DHR
suggested. Take for example the word 'vi~nyaanaM'. Though it is popularly
explained as visheSha ~nyaanaM, that however is not its derivation. The
upasarga vi added to the dhatu ~nyaa (class 9, krayaadi) leads to the dhatu
vi~nyaa which means to know, to discern, distinguish or discriminate etc. To
this by adding the 'lyuT' k^Rit termination we get the abstract noun
vi~nyaanaM meaning special discriminating knowledge. The meaning of upasarga
compounded words are usually listed in the dictionary but not always. One has
to infer the meaning from context applying the usual meaning of the upasarga.
In the
case of vi it is usually negation or separation.
3. Since vi is also an avyaya, we can form avyayiibhaava compound with it by
uniting with a noun and the whole thing treated like a nominative singular
neuter noun and the whole compound itself is an avyaya. E.g., viphalaM meaning
fruitlessness. Since these are formed by fixed rules they are not found in the
dictionary and the meaning would usually be clear from context.
4. The praadi tatpuruSha compounds and bahuvrIhi compounds are of special kind
where the verbs are hidden. They cannot be found in the dictionary! In fact
there should be a vyakhyaana to explain the special forms. For example to
derive vikarNa as one who has visheSha karNa (and not vikaara karNa!) is not
obvious without explanation. The number of names of the Lord in shankara's
viShnu saharanaama require the bhaashyam and others may explain those words
differently. The meanings are not engraved in granite!
In all, one has to approach with caution and common sense while trying to
interpret words which are not found ordinarily in the disctionary. It is
incumbent on the writer to be explicit so that there is no ambiguity on the
part of the reader!
rAmaH
----- Original Message -----
From: Vis Tekumalla
To: Sanskrit
Sent: Tuesday, March 22, 2005 3:10 PM
Subject: [Sanskrit] The prefix "vi"
Namaste:
We come across the prefix "vi" used differently with different words and
different contexts. For example, vi-j~nAna (visheSha j~nAna), vikarNa
(visheSha-karNa or vinA-karNa), vi-lochana, vi-naShTa, etc. Are there any rules
governing how "vi" prefix should be used to mean visheSha vs. vinA?
vi-shveshvaraH:-)
...Vis Tekumalla
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
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