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Today's Topics:
1. Re: Learning Sanskrit by fresh approach - Lesson 6
(S. L. Abhyankar)
2. Audio of shabda manjari and dhaatu manjari (Ramakrishna Upadrasta)
3. Fwd: Announcement of gItA anvaya sandhi vigraha group
(Ramakrishna Upadrasta)
4. Re: Bahu shabda stri linga (S. L. Abhyankar)
5. No disaster, info about shAkalya (Jay Vaidya)
6. Learning Sanskrit by a fresh approach - Lesson 8 (S. L. Abhyankar)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Message: 1
Date: Sat, 29 May 2010 19:16:33 -0400
From: "S. L. Abhyankar" <sl.abhyan...@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [Sanskrit] Learning Sanskrit by fresh approach - Lesson 6
To: Prakash Kulkarni <pgku...@yahoo.com>
Cc: sanskrit@cs.utah.edu
Message-ID:
<aanlktikpjpibhyp5ppnp2t0tthumjhva7rsufolxv...@mail.gmail.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
Dear Shri. Prakashji,
(1) English terminology for terms in Sanskrit grammar
1.1) I believe that the terminology is not standardised.
1.2) I have been thinking it good to call ???? ???? ?????? as declensions.
In turn I call ???? as conjugation and ???? as compounding.
1.3) As mentioned by you, I have seen people using the word conjugations
for ????-?????? and word "declensions" for ????-??????. I thought there is
no harm in calling both ????-?????? and ????-?????? as declensions. By that,
the term conjugation becomes free and available for ????
2) Information about ??? - Your inputs really set me into some research on
the internet. I got 2 inputs. I guess, these will interest you also.
2.1) from a dictionary at
http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?script=HK&tinput=vasu
Sanskrit word Transliteration Grammar English word
??? vasu adj. excellent
??? vasu adj. good
??? vasu n. goods
??? vasu n. wealth
????? vasudhaa adj. giving wealth
????? vasudhaa f. Earth
?????? vaasuki N. of divine being
??????? vasutti f. enrichment
?????? vasumat adj. wealthy
?????? vasumat adj. rich
?????? vasudeva m. father of Krishna
?????? vasumataa f. wealth
???????? vasudhaadhipa m. king
?????????? vasusaMpuurNa adj. full of riches
2.2) from http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070920012129AAADx7w
Ashta Vasu(s).
Long ago, there were eight Semi-gods known as Ashta Vasus. Once, out of
sheer greed, they wanted to steal Sage Vashista's cow and the youngest of
them, by name Prabhasa had stolen the cow. Vashista was enraged at this and
cursed them to be born as human beings upon the earth. When the Vasus sought
to be forgiven, the sage relented and laid down that the seven Vasus could
live only for a few hours upon the earth but the Prabhasa was to lead his
entire life upon the earth. These Ashta-Vasus were the babies born to Ganga.
The seven Vasus were thrown into the river and Prabhasa was the only
survivor.
According to the Mahabharata, the names of the Eight Vasus are as follows:
?Dharo Dhruvascha Somascha Ahascha Anilo Anala:
Pratyooshascha Prabhaasascha Vasava: ashtou prakeertitaa:?
1. Anala:
2. Anila:
3. Soma:
4. Ahas
5. Dhara:
6. Dhruva:
7. Pratyoosha:
8. Prabhaasa:
Of these eight Vasus, who is the first and foremost? The Lord answers this
in the Bhagavat Gita, telling us that among Vasus, He is Agni??Vasoonaam
Paavakaschaasmi?. Agni occupies a pride of place among Vasus on account of
his origin from the holiest of sources?the Lord?s face (?Mukhaat Indrascha
Agnischa??Purusha Sooktam)?and also because he is the conveyor of
sacrificial offerings to the other Devatas. These Ashta Vasus were the
grandchildren of the Creator, the four-headed Brahmaa-
As per another account the Ashta Dik Paalakaas are considered as 8 vasus who
Guard eight directions eight deities-.
Gods ruling the eight sides are --Indra, (East), Agni (Southeast), Yama
(South), Nirriti (Southwest), Varuna (West), Kubera (North) and Eesaana
(Northeast). However, according to the Manu Smriti, they are?
1. Soma
2. Agni
3. Arka
4. Anila
5. Indra
6. Kubera
7. Varuna and
8. Yama.-
Source(s):
-http://groups.yahoo.com/group/SriRangaSr?
http://www.indiandance.ru/En/Mahabharata?
3) More about ??????? from ??????? - Some 8-9 years ago, I had compiled a
summary of ??????? from a book by William Buck. Couple of years back I put
it into ???? ????? by my own amateurish attempt. The portion relevant
to ??????? is as follows -
???? ???????? ? ???? ?? ????? ? ?????????? ?? ? ???????? ??||
?????????? ???? ? ?????? ????? ? ????????? ?? ? ?????? ??||
???? ????? ? ???? ??????????? ? ????????????? ? ??? ??? ??||
???? ????????? ? ?? ??? ???? ? ??? ?????? ? ??????? ??||
????????? ? ?????? ????? ? ?????? ?????? ? ???? ???? ??||
???????? ?????? ? ????? ????????? ? ????? ?????? ? ????? ???? ??||
???????????? ? ???? ?????? ? ???????????????? ? ?????? ??||
????? ?????? ? ???? ??????? ? ???? ???? ????? ? ?????? ??||
???? ?? ????? ? ????? ?????? ? ???????? ???????? ? ?????????? ??||
????????? ????? ? ????? ?????? ? ????? ????? ? ?????? ???||
??????????? ???? ? ????????? ?????? ? ???? ?????? ? ???? ??? ???||
???????? ???? ? ?????? ?????? ???? ? ?????? ??? ? ??? ???? ???||
?????? ????????? ? ??? ??? ??? ? ???????? ?? ? ?????? ???||
????? ??????? ?? ? ??? ???? ? ?????????? ? ?????? ???||
???? ???????? ? ?????? ?? ??? ? ????????? ??? ? ????? ???||
???????? ???? ? ???? ??? ???? ? ?????? ?????? ? ???? ???? ???||
??????? ??? ? ???? ??????? ? ??? ??????? ? ???? ????? ???||
???????? ?? ? ??????? ?????? ? ???? ?? ?????? ? ??? ?????? ???||
???? ????? ? ???????? ???? ? ????????????? ? ???????? ???||
???????? ??????? ?? ? ?? ??? ???? ? ???????????? ? ????? ???||
????????????? ? ??? ????????? ? ?????? ???? ? ?????????? ???||
????? ???? ? ????????? ??? ? ????? ????? ? ??? ???? ???||
????? ??????? ? ??????? ???? ? ??????? ???? ???? ? ????????? ???||
?????? ???????? ? ????? ???????? ? ??? ????????? ? ???? ??? ???||
???? ????????? ? ?? ??????????? ? ?????? ?????? ? ??? ???? ???||
????????? ?????? ? ???? ???? ??????? ? ???? ?????????? ? ???????????? ???||
??????? ????? ? ???????? ???? ? ?????? ????? ?? ? ???????? ???||
?????????? ??? ? ????? ???? ? ?????? ????? ?????? ? ?????? ???? ???||
?????????? ?? ? ????? ????? ? ?????? ????? ? ??????? ???||
??????????? ? ?????? ??????? ? ???? ?? ???? ? ?????? ?????? ???||
??????????? ? ???????? ?? ? ??????? ???? ? ??????? ???||
???????? ?????? ? ???? ????? ? ????? ??? ? ?????? ???||
??????? ???? ? ????? ????? ? ???? ??? ?? ? ???????? ???||
?? ??? ???? ? ???? ?????? ? ???? ???????? ? ???? ?????? ???||
?? ?? ????? ? ????????? ??????? ? ?????? ????? ? ?? ??? ???||
????? ?????? ? ?? ???????? ? ???? ?????? ??? ? ???????? ???||
??? ???? ???? ? ??????? ??? ? ???? ????? ? ???? ???? ???||
???????? ?????? ? ????? ?????? ? ??? ??? ???? ? ??????? ???||
??? ????????? ? ??????? ??? ? ???? ???? ????? ? ????????? ???||
???????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ? ????? ????? ? ????? ???? ???||
???????? ???? ? ???? ?????? ? ??????? ??? ? ?????? ???? ???||
????? ? ???? ? ???? ????????? ? ????? ????? ? ???????? ???||
???????? ????? ? ????? ????? ? ????? ?????? ? ???? ????? ???||
I hope, you will like this also.
4) You have given a fantastic information that the ????? - "?????? ????????"
is engraved at the entrance of our Parliament ! Having mentioned in my
lesson, that such philosophy has been the basis of Indian Polity, I was
thinking that this quotation merits to appear prominently in some emblem of
India. And Lo! It is there! I am thrilled.
Many Thanks and Regards,
???????? ,
?????????????????? ???????? |
???????? ?????? ????????? ?
On Sat, May 29, 2010 at 9:38 AM, Prakash Kulkarni <pgku...@yahoo.com> wrote:
> Dear Shri Abhyankarji,
>
> I have enjoyed going thru your Lessons. Personally, I would prefer the
> style followed from 6th Lesson but perhaps there is some merit in using the
> first style for the beginning.
>
> As you have mentioned , you have chosen the shlokas thoughtfully.
>
> I have some comments for your consideration
>
> In Grammar, the word " Conjugation " is used to indicate inflection of
> verbs for different voices, moods etc. In Sanskrit it is used for the 10
> GaNas. For Sandhi, , Bhandarkar uses the word Sandhi only even in English.
>
> Regarding the word Vasudha, in " Vasudhaiva kutumbakam ", vasu is used in
> the meaning of wealth. Vasoon dharayati iti vasudha or vasundhara.... the
> Earth holds wealth. Here ashta vasus are not involved. Also ashta vasus are
> not the ashta dikpals. Further, ashta vasus are not deities of lower order.
> They are among the GaNa devatas meaning they are together as a group of
> eight, like e g twelve Adityas. The lower order are Yaksha, Gandharva etc
> Why use apostrophe when giving plural of vasu..
>
> One interesting fact is this shloka is inscribed over the entrance of our
> Parliament.
>
> With best regards,
> PGK
>
>
>
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Message: 2
Date: Sun, 30 May 2010 19:34:56 +0200
From: Ramakrishna Upadrasta <uramakris...@gmail.com>
Subject: [Sanskrit] Audio of shabda manjari and dhaatu manjari
To: Sanskrit Mailing List <sanskrit@cs.utah.edu>
Message-ID:
<aanlktilfcivowqyosxgdzq_-r8pvlxhvehyszv9uw...@mail.gmail.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
namaste members,
I am looking for good audio versions of shabda-manjari, dhaatu manjari
etc. recited in traditional way by traditional scholars.
For example the classic raama shabda beginning with 'akaaraanta
puMli~ngaH raama shabdaH' continuing with raamaH raamau raamaaH
......' and ending with 'evaM deva mukuMda prabhrutayaH'.
If it is available somewhere on the web, it would be great if someone
could point out the location.
dhanyavaadaH
Ramakrishna
------------------------------
Message: 3
Date: Mon, 31 May 2010 17:55:38 +0200
From: Ramakrishna Upadrasta <uramakris...@gmail.com>
Subject: [Sanskrit] Fwd: Announcement of gItA anvaya sandhi vigraha
group
To: Sanskrit Mailing List <sanskrit@cs.utah.edu>
Message-ID:
<aanlktilfhqgc_ea_ecyjrt77vlcdrvwnhwtfwcw-g...@mail.gmail.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
namaste saMskRita-priyaaH,
OM shrii gurubho namaH
You may be interested in joining the 'gItA anvaya sandhi vigraha'
google group whose link is at the end of this mail. Briefly, joining
this group would send you one mail per day, with some number of gItA
verses, along with their sandhi vigraha. It assumes that you have a
reasonable understanding of the gItA and can understand devanaagari.
(Running a similar group which does the same in ITRANS is also in
consideration, provided there is a request).
Here is the group description from the group page:
========================================================
Welcome to gItA anvaya sandhi vigraha newsgroup. This newsgroup is
devoted to studying some number of gItA verses everyday, along with
their sandhi vigraha. It is based on the theme of Samskrita Bharati, a
great organization, which has published books with the theme of
teaching Sanskrit using Gita and teaching Gita using Sanskrit
concepts.
By subscribing to this mailing list, you will receive some number of
gItA verses along with the padachheda of the verses and the
sandhi-vigraha. ?The honor code to join the newsgroup is that the
reader would read the messages posted on that day itself.
Some sample verses are the following:
???????? ????????? ???????????????? .
?????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ????????????? .. ?.??
????????? ????\-?????? ????\-???\-????????? .
??????? ????\-???????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????? .. ?.??
????\-?????? ????????? ????\-???????? ???????
????\-???\-????????? ???? ???????? ???????? ?????? .
?????????????????? ???????? ??????????? .
???????? ?????????? ?? ? ?????? ?????? .. ??.??
???-????-???? ???-???? ???-????? ????-??????? .
???????? ????-?????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?????? .. ??.??
?? ??????! ?? ???-????-????, ???-????,
????-??????? ????-?????? ???????? ???-????? (?????),
?? ???? ??? .
????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? .
??????? ?????????????????????????????????? .. ?.??
? ???? ??????? ???? ? ????? ??????? ??? .
????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??????-???????? .. ?.??
???? ???? ? ??????? ??? ????? ? ??????? . ??????-???????? ??
????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? .
?????? ???????? ??????????????????????? .
?????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????? .. ??.??
?????? ????-????? ??? ?????? ?????-????-????? .
?????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? .. ??.??
???? ??? ?????? ????-?????, ?????? ?????-????-?????, ??????
????????? (?????), ?????? (?) ?????? ??????? .
??????????????????????? ????????????? .
???????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ? ??????? .. ??.?
??????-????? ???-????? ????????? ??????? ??????? .
???????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??????? .. ??.?
???????? ???? ??????? (????? ??) ????????? ??????-?????
???-????? ??????? ??????? . ?? ??? ???, ?? ??????? (??? ??????).
The text which we would be using is written by Shri Sunder Hattangadi.
The document we would be using is available at the following link at
Sanskrit Docs location:
http://sanskritdocuments.org/doc_giitaa/gitAanvayasandhivigraha.itx
http://sanskritdocuments.org/all_pdf/gitAanvayasandhivigraha.pdf
Many sincere namaskaarams to Shri Sunder-ji for the original, and the
people at Sanskrit docs for putting this (as well as lot of documents)
online.
May your study be successful!
========================================================
The link to the group is at the following location:
http://groups.google.com/group/gita-anvaya-sandhi-vigraha
praNAmaH
Ramakrishna
------------------------------
Message: 4
Date: Mon, 31 May 2010 13:57:30 -0400
From: "S. L. Abhyankar" <sl.abhyan...@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [Sanskrit] Bahu shabda stri linga
To: sanskrit@cs.utah.edu
Message-ID:
<aanlktikbhthoma2sxarumqg9uxkt065l-8nmuwxrs...@mail.gmail.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
I wonder whether the plural declensions in the specimen word "dhenu" at
http://murthygss.tripod.com/Sabda_dhenu.htm
can be the appropriate guideline.
???????? ,
?????????????????? ???????? |
???????? ?????? ????????? ?
>
> ---------- Forwarded message ----------
> From: anupam srivatsav <anupam.srivat...@gmail.com>
> To: Sanskrit Mailing List <sanskrit@cs.utah.edu>
> Date: Sat, 29 May 2010 14:38:23 +0530
> Subject: [Sanskrit] Bahu shabda stri linga
> Dear members,
> Namaste.
>
> Can anyone decline the shabda 'bahu' in stri lingam?
>
> With regards,
> Anupam.
>
>
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Message: 5
Date: Mon, 31 May 2010 14:47:57 -0700 (PDT)
From: Jay Vaidya <deejayvai...@yahoo.com>
Subject: [Sanskrit] No disaster, info about shAkalya
To: sanskrit@cs.utah.edu
Message-ID: <980419.86465...@web56603.mail.re3.yahoo.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Dear Piergiorgio,
First information regarding shAkalya :
The only information we know about the grammarian shAkalya is that pANini
refers to him respectfully. There is also a shAkalya who performed the
"shAkalya" rescension of the Rgveda, but it is not known whether this is the
same person.
Of shAkalya's grammatical opinions, we only know those in which he differs from
other grammarians:
(1)
sambuddhau shAkalyasya itau anArShe 1.1.16
In non-vedic usage, if a 'o'-sound-ending word is followed by "iti" shAkalya
says that no sandhi happens. Others say that sandhi happens.
bhAno+iti
shAkalya says no sandhi, therefore "bhAno iti" it remains.
All others say "bhAnaviti", because sandhi happens as usual
(2)
iko asavarNe shAkalyasya hrasvaH cha 6.1.127
shAkalya says that whenever i, ii, u, uu, R^i, R^ii, l^i are followed by a
non-homogeneous vowel, they become short, and after that sandhi is prohibited.
example : kumArI + atra
shAkalya says this results in: kumAri atra
All others say that it results : kumAryatra
(For your benefit, in this Monier-Williams and Max Mueller probably go with the
others, not with shAkalya)
(3)
lopaH shAkalyasya 8.3.19
too complicated to explain. The example is:
kaH+Aste
shAkalya says this results in : ka Aste
shAkaTAyana says that this results in : kayAste, where 'y' is very slightly
articulated.
(We have from tradition that pANini was with shAkalya on this one.)
(4)
sarvatra shAkalyasya 8.4.51
This is the denial of all duplications that Max Mueller mentions.
This is all we know about shAkalya's grammatical opinions.
- - -
No disaster.
- - -
The availability of duplications has resulted in no disasters. Duplications
have been used for two thousand years (at least). Is there some disaster that
Indians should have had that they forgot? I do not know what Max Mueller meant
by "no practical object". My guess is that his practical object was to teach
European beginners sanskRta grammar (I can guess as much by the name of book),
and he does not want to make the study difficult for them.
Now regarding duplications :
There is no semantic difference between the duplicated and non-duplicated
options-none of the examples you give have different meanings. Do you know any
words where the duplication results in a different meaning? Can you explain
what morphological problems will result? Is there any problem with alternate
allomorphy?
I don't understand your fear regarding optional forms to students: why does the
student need a clear reason to avoid simplification of doubled consonants? When
are doubled consonants simplified (certainly not in the example of
duplications)? Can you give me an example?
The traditional teaching of sanskRta grammar is descriptive. It only describes
the forms that are available in the speech of "standard" speakers.
In any case, if there are three consonants in a row no more duplications
happen, according to shAkaTAyana.
triprabhRtiShu shAkaTAyanasya 8.4.50
Just because a duplication is described to be "allowed", it does not mean one
will keep duplicating instead of completing the sentence.
It appears that the availability of optional forms is a problem for you. Just
because one has options, one does not keep flipping between options. One
chooses an option and goes ahead. Please check if Max Mueller gives any
optional forms at all. I think he should for something or the other. For
example, consider page 34, section 92 in Max Mueller's book, where he gives
this example:
vAk+shatam = vAkshatam OR vAkchhatam
What semantic or morphological confusion (or disaster) do you think is caused
by having these options? It is fine if a beginner chooses to remember only one,
and use only that one. But could they insist that the other is wrong?
Please read in Max Mueller's introduction (in the same book), that he maintains
pANini's authority as ultimate.Although pANini's logical processes are complex
and sometimes confusing for the beginner, he does not ever refute pANini. In
fact, pANini's logical processes are not confusing for the trained student.
Here is a quotation from Max Mueller's introduction:
> Nothing remained in fact in order to arrive at any satisfactory result but to
> collate
> the whole of my grammar with regard not only to the irregular but likewise to
> the
> regular forms with Panini and other native grammarians and to supply for each
> doubtful case and for rules that might seem to differ from those of any of my
> predecessors a reference to Panini or to other native authorities ...
Note: When he is in doubt regarding his European-Sanskritist predecessors, he
consults pANini and native authorities. It would do us all great benefit to
follow his example: when in doubt make reference to pANini and other native
authorities.
He goes on to say:
> I only regret that I did not give these authoritative references throughout
> the whole
> of my work because even where there cannot be any difference of opinion some
> of my
> readers might thus have been saved the time and trouble of looking through
> Panini to
> find the Sutras that bear on every form of the Sanskrit language
Of course, he expects readers to go to the source - pANini's sUtra; so he
apologizes for not giving full references. Also note: "EVERY FORM of the
Sanskrit language". Obviously there are multiple forms, and they are given in
pANini's sUtra.
I hope you will also follow Max Mueller's expectation for advanced students: If
you have progressed beyond the beginner stage, please consult pANini and the
native authorities. Since there has been no semantic or morphological disaster
so far, let us rest easy that there will not be a disaster just waiting to
happen in the future.
Regards,
Dhananjay
Message: 3
From: "Piergiorgio Muzi" <glob...@comm2000.it>
Subject: Re: [Sanskrit] siddhyanti - by Max Muller
Dear Jay,
thanks for your right observation. I can check M.M?ller's Sanskrit Grammar. You
have reported correctly the par. 146 of the same book I have.
If we accept this rule without conditions the effects would be disastrous. It
would permit doubling the consonants of an enormous number of Sanskrit words
with correspondent consequences. Not only wouldn't we get any "practical object
in this practice", as M?ller says, but we would be free to substitute pakkta
for pakta, annta for anta, appta for apta and cittra for citra, assya for asya,
attra for atra and even ?ttma for ?tma! Needless to say that this attitude
could create confusion in all the cases where there is a morphological and
semantical difference between simple or double consonants. Indeed this freedom
is not followed by anybody, if not exceptionally. Of course as far as you
consent duplication , the student has no clear reason to avoid simplification
of double consonants...Try to see the consequences, please. I can only agree
about "discontinuing it throughout" in agreement with the criticism of
Sh?kalya, accepted by M?ller. BTW do you know
this grammarian?
Regards,
Piergiorgio
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Message: 6
Date: Tue, 1 Jun 2010 00:44:33 -0400
From: "S. L. Abhyankar" <sl.abhyan...@gmail.com>
Subject: [Sanskrit] Learning Sanskrit by a fresh approach - Lesson 8
To: sanskrit@cs.utah.edu
Message-ID:
<aanlktin_qkonawpil9pgj4qbtykpzybi-vfbs3ru8...@mail.gmail.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
Learning Sanskrit by a fresh approach - Lesson 8
Here is an interesting ????????? very onomatopoetically composed. Also it
displays the flight of imagination of the poet. He leaves it to the reader
to draw the moral.
???????????????? ???????? ?????????? ?
??????????????? ???????? ????????? ?
????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?
?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?
Just two conjugations ???? here.
???????????????? = ??????: ????????
??????: = Night
???????? = will pass
???????? ??????????
???????? = will be or will become
?????????? = good morning
??????????????? = ???????? ????????
???????? = one who has splendour; sun ??? + ???
??? = splendour
??? A Suffix which helps to make a derived noun, meaning "having". Here ???
+ ??? becomes a derived noun, with meaning "having splendour" One common
place example is the word ??????
???????? = will rise
???????? ?????????
???????? = will smile
?????????
???? = ???? ????? ??? ??????
??? = mud
???? = in mud
? = ????? = is born; grows ? is a sufffix which is used to render a meaning
"born of" or "born at" or "is born"
?????? = that which grows in mud = lotus
????? = glory
????????? = ??????? ?????, ????? ???????? ???? glory of lotus
????? ???????? ?????? ????????
????? = thus
???????? = thinking; ???????? is masculine, seventh case singular of ??????
?? a present active participle, derived from the causative of the verb ?? +
???
??????
?????: = ???? ??:, ?????? ???????? ????
???? = into the treasure, into the bosom
??: = gone This is masculine first case singular of the past passive
participle of root verb ???
?????? = having gone into the treasure
????????
???????: = ???? ???? ???? ??, ????????? ???? One who has two wings
???? = two
???? = wings (?), tentacles (?), pitch as of double-pitched noise (?). If
??? is to mean "wing", term ??????? can mean any bird. But it is mostly
used for a honeybee. Then what is meaning of ???, that it applies mostly to
honeybee ?
This phrase ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? merits special attention. Three
words ???????? ?????? ???????? are all in seventh case ??????. This style of
composition makes the phrase, a sub-clause. The meaning in seventh case of
each word is not to be taken. As a phrase, the meaning becomes, "(as) the
honeybee had gone into the bosom and was thinking.." or "(as) the honeybee,
which had gone into the bosom, was thinking.."
?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???????
?? ???? ???? = interjection, mostly to express sadness
?????? = ??????? Second case singular of ????? meaning "lotus"
?? ??????? = ??: ???????
??: = elephant
??????? = uprooted, This is declension in past tense, third person, singular
of root verb ??? + ?? meaning "to uproot"
The overall meaning becomes -
As the honeybee, which had gone into the bosom (of a lotus), was thinking...
"..night will pass and good morning will dawn,
sun will rise and glory of (this) lotus will smile.."
Oh God ! an elephant uprooted the lotus !!
Moral ?
Never think that things will work out the way you would like. The honeybee
possibly thought that it will have all the time of passing of night until
sunrise and opening of the petals of the lotus, all that time, to enjoy the
nectar at the bosom of the lotus to its heart's content. But alas, an
elephant came along and uprooted the lotus itself !!
Man proposes, God disposes !!
Never do over-indulgence; always take risk factors also into account.
I had another idea also in mind, in taking up this ?????????. In these four
lines we have ????????, ????????, ????????, ????????, ????????, ???, ???????
all verb-forms - either declensions or participles. Even the suffix ? in ????
has a derivation from a verb.
Of these ????????, ????????, ????????, ???????? are all declensions in
future tense, third person, singular of different root verbs ???, ??, ??, ??
???????? is masculine, seventh case singular of ???????? a present active
participle, derived from the verb ?????
??? is masculine, seventh case, singular of past passive participle ?? of
root verb ???
??????? is declension in past tense, third person, singular of root verb ???
+ ??
Verbs in Sanskrit become a subject of interesting, but very compressive
study. It is possibly no exaggeration to say that Sanskrit owes much of its
charm for how one can play around with verbs ! Prominently,
1. A root verb is called as ????
2. Verbs in Sanskrit are of ten classes called as ??
3. Some verbs may belong to more than one ??-s
4. The patterns of declension are of two types, called as ???????? and
????????
5. When a ???? has declension of both patterns ???????? and ???????? it is
called as ??????
6. Declensions of verbs are influenced by tense or mood, person and number
7. There are ten tenses and moods -
the tenses are seven
Present Tense ???????? ???
Three types of Past Tense ???? ???? ??? ????
Three types of Future Tense ???????? ???? ???? ????
and the moods are three
Imperative Mood ???? ????
Mood typically indicated by "should" in English ???? ????
Mood of benevolent wishes and blessings as indicated by "May God bless you"
in English ????? ????
8. There are three persons - first person (I, we) second person (you), third
person (he-she-it, they)
9. Numbers are three - singular, dual, plural
In the dictionary, one will usually find a verb identified as follows -
????:??:???? ????. ??. ??. ??.?. ??. ??. ??.1???1?.????????2??1?.???????3??? +
???1?.??????-?? ??????4???1?.????????5?? + ??? (???????)1?.???????????????6???
+ ??1?.???????-????????
In the above table
?. = ?????????
?. = ??????
????. ??. ??. ??. = ???????? ?????-????????? ???????
?. ??. ??. ??. = ??????-???????????? ??????????? ????????
There are many adjectival and adverbial derivatives obtained from verbs.
1. Past passive participles such as ??
2. Present active participles such as ????????
3. Types of adjectives obtained from verbs ????????? ?????? by using
suffixes ? ???? ????
4. Infinitive obtained by using suffix ????
5. Adverbial derivatives obtained by using suffix ???? e.g. ????? means
"upon going"
In Sanskrit words are formed
1. by declension of nouns, pronouns and adjectives influenced by gender,
case and number
2. by declension of verbal roots influenced by tense or mood. voice,
causative, person and number
3. by declension of adjectival derivatives obtained from verbs
And there are of course the
4. indeclinables - among them adverbs, conjunctions and interjections
5. adverbial derivatives obtained from verbs, which also are indeclinables.
For doing word-by-word study we can use five structures to present a study
of every word.
For example we can see a presentation of words in this ????????? in the
following manner.
????:??????? ????:???????:?????????????:?????????????:??????:??????????
????????????.????????.night
????:??????? ????:???????:??:????????????? ???????:???: ?? ????: ???????:
?????????????:?????????????????????1?.????????????????:?????:??.will go,
will pass
????:??????? ????:????????:?????????????In this manner
????:??????? ????:???????:???????:??:????????????? ???????:???: ?? ????: ??
?????????????:?????????????: ?????????. ?. ??. ??. ?????????? + ???1?.??? =
Yes???????????????.????????.when thinking
In the table for ???????? please note ?. ?. ??. ??. = ?????? ??????????????
?? ??????????? ????????
Wow! We already have structures for four of the five types of words in
Sanskrit !
And what a study !
Do not these structures give a very satisfactory and confidant feeling that
"well, the ????????? is really thoroughly understood !" ?
As an exercise, you can compile a study of all the other words !
???????? |
*-o-O-o-*
Very honestly and very earnestly, I seek comments on this lesson to make it
error-free, so that, the structures in particular can be carried forward in
forthcoming lessons. Please help !!
???????? ,
?????????????????? ???????? |
???????? ?????? ????????? ?
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