Bring. It. On. [?] On Mon, Aug 23, 2010 at 3:13 PM, Mr. Worf <hellomahog...@gmail.com> wrote:
> > > Nanoscale DNA sequencing technique to advance personalized medicine > > By Darren Quick <http://www.gizmag.com/author/darren-quick/> > > *18:35 August 22, 2010* > > 2 > Pictures<http://www.gizmag.com/nanoscale-dna-sequencing-technique/16103/picture/119543/> > [image: Illustration depicting a single strand of DNA moving through a > nanopore that is being > used...]<http://www.gizmag.com/nanoscale-dna-sequencing-technique/16103/picture/119543/> > > Illustration depicting a single strand of DNA moving through a nanopore > that is being used to sequence the DNA (Image: Ian Derrington) > *Image > Gallery<http://www.gizmag.com/nanoscale-dna-sequencing-technique/16103/picture/119543/> > (2 > images)* > GENEWIZ, > Inc.<http://googleads.g.doubleclick.net/aclk?sa=l&ai=BKH-jEchyTM-IHKGajQTqy4SWC-a9jLMBytmm-A3AjbcB8Kt-EAEYASCz3PoBKAQ4AFCGuc-d_P____8BYMmO8IbIo6AZsgEOd3d3Lmdpem1hZy5jb226AQozMDB4MjUwX2pzyAEB2gGTAWh0dHA6Ly93d3cuZ2l6bWFnLmNvbS9uYW5vc2NhbGUtZG5hLXNlcXVlbmNpbmctdGVjaG5pcXVlLzE2MTAzLz91dG1fc291cmNlPUdpem1hZytTdWJzY3JpYmVycyZ1dG1fY2FtcGFpZ249MTI0ZWUzYzNiZi1VQS0yMjM1MzYwLTQmdXRtX21lZGl1bT1lbWFpbIACAagDAegD1gfoAy31AwAAAEQ&num=1&sig=AGiWqtyVzbtzjzP-_Zc1KtIaVGOCAdwo2w&client=ca-pub-1607124478120364&adurl=http://genewiz.com/%3F_kk%3Ddna%2520resequencing%26_kt%3Da239477f-a409-422a-87aa-f24a91b2d694> > - > www.genewiz.com<http://googleads.g.doubleclick.net/aclk?sa=l&ai=BKH-jEchyTM-IHKGajQTqy4SWC-a9jLMBytmm-A3AjbcB8Kt-EAEYASCz3PoBKAQ4AFCGuc-d_P____8BYMmO8IbIo6AZsgEOd3d3Lmdpem1hZy5jb226AQozMDB4MjUwX2pzyAEB2gGTAWh0dHA6Ly93d3cuZ2l6bWFnLmNvbS9uYW5vc2NhbGUtZG5hLXNlcXVlbmNpbmctdGVjaG5pcXVlLzE2MTAzLz91dG1fc291cmNlPUdpem1hZytTdWJzY3JpYmVycyZ1dG1fY2FtcGFpZ249MTI0ZWUzYzNiZi1VQS0yMjM1MzYwLTQmdXRtX21lZGl1bT1lbWFpbIACAagDAegD1gfoAy31AwAAAEQ&num=1&sig=AGiWqtyVzbtzjzP-_Zc1KtIaVGOCAdwo2w&client=ca-pub-1607124478120364&adurl=http://genewiz.com/%3F_kk%3Ddna%2520resequencing%26_kt%3Da239477f-a409-422a-87aa-f24a91b2d694> > DNA Sequencing Services Molecular Biology Services > $89 Home DNA > Test<http://googleads.g.doubleclick.net/aclk?sa=l&ai=BZBkMEchyTM-IHKGajQTqy4SWC_a5-LUBtMbt6gbAjbcB0IdWEAIYAiCz3PoBKAQ4AFC1hKfTAWDJjvCGyKOgGaABiab-_gOyAQ53d3cuZ2l6bWFnLmNvbboBCjMwMHgyNTBfanPIAQHaAZMBaHR0cDovL3d3dy5naXptYWcuY29tL25hbm9zY2FsZS1kbmEtc2VxdWVuY2luZy10ZWNobmlxdWUvMTYxMDMvP3V0bV9zb3VyY2U9R2l6bWFnK1N1YnNjcmliZXJzJnV0bV9jYW1wYWlnbj0xMjRlZTNjM2JmLVVBLTIyMzUzNjAtNCZ1dG1fbWVkaXVtPWVtYWlsgAIByALim7IBqAMB6APWB-gDLfUDAAAARA&num=2&sig=AGiWqty-Ir8X9M8gk-3XcviaEsV9Mun_ug&client=ca-pub-1607124478120364&adurl=https://www.gtldna.net/%3Fsrc%3Dgoogle> > - > www.gtldna.net<http://googleads.g.doubleclick.net/aclk?sa=l&ai=BZBkMEchyTM-IHKGajQTqy4SWC_a5-LUBtMbt6gbAjbcB0IdWEAIYAiCz3PoBKAQ4AFC1hKfTAWDJjvCGyKOgGaABiab-_gOyAQ53d3cuZ2l6bWFnLmNvbboBCjMwMHgyNTBfanPIAQHaAZMBaHR0cDovL3d3dy5naXptYWcuY29tL25hbm9zY2FsZS1kbmEtc2VxdWVuY2luZy10ZWNobmlxdWUvMTYxMDMvP3V0bV9zb3VyY2U9R2l6bWFnK1N1YnNjcmliZXJzJnV0bV9jYW1wYWlnbj0xMjRlZTNjM2JmLVVBLTIyMzUzNjAtNCZ1dG1fbWVkaXVtPWVtYWlsgAIByALim7IBqAMB6APWB-gDLfUDAAAARA&num=2&sig=AGiWqty-Ir8X9M8gk-3XcviaEsV9Mun_ug&client=ca-pub-1607124478120364&adurl=https://www.gtldna.net/%3Fsrc%3Dgoogle> > Free FedEx Return w/Kit! 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Free account! > RNA Therapeutic > Institute<http://googleads.g.doubleclick.net/aclk?sa=l&ai=BcfJYEchyTM-IHKGajQTqy4SWC5SaulOY8tfRBcCNtwHA33IQBBgEILPc-gEoBDgAUOKi5cT9_____wFgyY7whsijoBmyAQ53d3cuZ2l6bWFnLmNvbboBCjMwMHgyNTBfanPIAQHaAZMBaHR0cDovL3d3dy5naXptYWcuY29tL25hbm9zY2FsZS1kbmEtc2VxdWVuY2luZy10ZWNobmlxdWUvMTYxMDMvP3V0bV9zb3VyY2U9R2l6bWFnK1N1YnNjcmliZXJzJnV0bV9jYW1wYWlnbj0xMjRlZTNjM2JmLVVBLTIyMzUzNjAtNCZ1dG1fbWVkaXVtPWVtYWlsyALuiI4SqAMB6APWB-gDLfUDAAAARA&num=4&sig=AGiWqtzeM6w0KzXWN8gUxyF9XRnqUafiug&client=ca-pub-1607124478120364&adurl=http://www.umassmed.edu/rti/index.aspx> > - > www.umassmed.edu/rti<http://googleads.g.doubleclick.net/aclk?sa=l&ai=BcfJYEchyTM-IHKGajQTqy4SWC5SaulOY8tfRBcCNtwHA33IQBBgEILPc-gEoBDgAUOKi5cT9_____wFgyY7whsijoBmyAQ53d3cuZ2l6bWFnLmNvbboBCjMwMHgyNTBfanPIAQHaAZMBaHR0cDovL3d3dy5naXptYWcuY29tL25hbm9zY2FsZS1kbmEtc2VxdWVuY2luZy10ZWNobmlxdWUvMTYxMDMvP3V0bV9zb3VyY2U9R2l6bWFnK1N1YnNjcmliZXJzJnV0bV9jYW1wYWlnbj0xMjRlZTNjM2JmLVVBLTIyMzUzNjAtNCZ1dG1fbWVkaXVtPWVtYWlsyALuiI4SqAMB6APWB-gDLfUDAAAARA&num=4&sig=AGiWqtzeM6w0KzXWN8gUxyF9XRnqUafiug&client=ca-pub-1607124478120364&adurl=http://www.umassmed.edu/rti/index.aspx> > Applying RNA biological discoveries toward unmet needs in human health > Ads by > Google<http://www.google.com/url?ct=abg&q=https://www.google.com/adsense/support/bin/request.py%3Fcontact%3Dabg_afc%26url%3Dhttp://www.gizmag.com/nanoscale-dna-sequencing-technique/16103/%253Futm_source%253DGizmag%252BSubscribers%2526utm_campaign%253D124ee3c3bf-UA-2235360-4%2526utm_medium%253Demail%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dca-pub-1607124478120364%26adU%3Dwww.genewiz.com%26adT%3DGENEWIZ,%2BInc.%26adU%3Dwww.gtldna.net%26adT%3D%252489%2BHome%2BDNA%2BTest%26adU%3Ddnanexus.com%26adT%3DDNA%2Banalysis%2Bin%2Bthe%2Bcloud%26adU%3Dwww.umassmed.edu/rti%26adT%3DRNA%2BTherapeutic%2BInstitute%26gl%3DUS&usg=AFQjCNGNN0oLE9fTJ1DCII_PyMxkAo_CFQ> > > One of the long held hopes for DNA <http://www.gizmag.com/tag/dna/> sequencing > is that it will usher in an era of personalized, predictive medicine by > providing individualized blueprints of genetic predispositions for specific > conditions and diseases, such as cancer, diabetes and addiction. Researchers > have now devised a method that works at a very small scale to sequence DNA > quickly and relatively inexpensively that could open the door to more > effective individualized medicine. > > The technique creates a DNA reader that combines biology and nanotechnology > using a nanopore taken from Mycobacterium smegmatis porin A. The nanopore > has an opening 1 billionth of a meter in size, just large enough to measure > a single strand of DNA as it passes through. The nanopore has an opening 1 > billionth of a meter in size, just large enough to measure a single strand > of DNA as it passes through. > > The scientists placed the pore in a membrane surrounded by > potassium-chloride solution. A small voltage was applied to create an ion > current flowing through the nanopore, and the current's electrical signature > changed depending on the nucleotides traveling through the nanopore. Each of > the nucleotides that are the essence of DNA – cytosine, guanine, adenine and > thymine – produced a distinctive signature. > > <http://www.gizmag.com/nanoscale-dna-sequencing-technique/16103/picture/119542/> > > One at a time please > > The team had to solve two major problems. One was to create a short and > narrow opening just large enough to allow a single strand of DNA to pass > through the nanopore and for only a single DNA molecule to be in the opening > at any time. Michael Niederweis at the University of Alabama at Birmingham > modified the M. smegmatis bacterium to produce a suitable pore. > > The second problem was that the nucleotides flowed through the nanopore at > a rate of one every millionth of a second, far too fast to sort out the > signal from each DNA molecule. To compensate, the researchers attached a > section of double-stranded DNA between each nucleotide they wanted to > measure. The second strand would briefly catch on the edge of the nanopore, > halting the flow of DNA long enough for the single nucleotide to be held > within the nanopore DNA reader. After a few milliseconds, the > double-stranded section would separate and the DNA flow continued until > another double strand was encountered, allowing the next nucleotide to be > read. > > The delay, though measured in thousandths of a second, is long enough to > read the electrical signals from the target nucleotides. > > "We can practically read the DNA sequence from an oscilloscope trace," said > Jens Gundlach, a University of Washington <http://www.washington.edu/> physics > professor and lead author of a paper describing the new technique published > the week of Aug. 16 in the *Proceedings of the National Academy of > Sciences <http://www.pnas.org/>*. > > -- > Celebrating 10 years of bringing diversity to perversity! > Mahogany at: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/mahogany_pleasures_of_darkness/ > > -- "If all the world's a stage and we are merely players, who the bloody hell wrote the script?" -- Charles E Grant http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fQUxw9aUVik
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