While trying not to be rude, I'm not sure where you got the impression that 
firewalls are somehow obsolete. The role of a firewall today is the same as 
it has always been: to stand between private hosts and the public internet.

You've made several statements that I think involve incorrect assumptions:

"when all sorts of stuff would leave open unsecured ports lying around."

Define "unsecured port". Arguably, any port is an "unsecured port" if it's 
open to the internet. It's the sysadmin's prerogative as to whether the 
port should be secured (protected by a firewall) or not.

Applications listen on ports. Sometimes you have an application running 
that you don't want listening to just anyone who connects to it. For 
example, let's say you're running MySQL on your database server, which will 
serve database connections to a cluster of three app servers. A firewall 
makes it possible to restrict connections on TCP port 3306 (MySQL) to 
specific hosts. MySQL has the ability to restrict logins to specific hosts, 
but it is not uncommon for networked software to contain vulnerabilities 
that allow remote attackers to obtain privileged information by sending 
specially crafted requests. The heartbleed OpenSSL vulnerability is a great 
example. A firewall allows you to restrict who can make such requests.

These days, it's more common to run firewall software directly on the 
database server than it is to use a separate device. However, once your 
infrastructure grows past a certain point, running individual firewalls on 
every hosts becomes a pain to support, so you may eventually grow to a 
point where you want to run a private network that is entirely behind a 
separate firewall device.

Firewalls allow a sysadmin to implement a policy called default deny. The 
policy of default deny is a good security practice. Under this policy, you 
deny all traffic by default, then specify exactly what you want to allow 
through. This protects you from accidentally exposing ports and software 
that you don't explicitly want to.

Firewalls are alive and well, and if you run your own servers, I'd strongly 
encourage you to install a firewall. Set it up for default deny, and 
explicitly open ports to the services you want to allow.

On Friday, April 11, 2014 3:15:33 PM UTC-4, Ian Young wrote:
>
> This is a genuine question, not trolling I promise.
>  
> In this day and age, what is the benefit of firewalls? I know they were 
> important in the old days of the web, when all sorts of stuff would leave 
> open unsecured ports lying around. And I know they're still useful in, say, 
> a small office with networked printers and whatnot. But on a modern web 
> application server, is a firewall necessary? What benefits does it provide?
>  

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