Re: [apple-crop] Chemical regulations
Ok many thanks Leslie for the track I googled the terms and landed to www.opep.cahttp://www.opep.ca www.pesticidesafety.cahttp://www.pesticidesafety.ca and finally http://www.omafra.gov.on.cahttp://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/ to get the whole story Best regards Jean Marc Jourdain De : apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net [mailto:apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net] De la part de Huffman, Leslie (OMAFRA) Envoyé : jeudi 7 avril 2011 15:49 À : Apple-crop discussion list Objet : Re: [apple-crop] Chemical regulations Hi Jean Marc, In Ontario, you need to have a Grower Pesticide Safety Certificate to purchase pesticides registered for commercial use. However, the choice of pesticide products is up to the grower, who is, of course, restricted by the label as to what can be used on the crop. No prescriptions yet that I am aware of. Leslie [cid:image001.gif@01CBF832.65821BF0] Leslie Huffman 519-738-1256 leslie.huff...@ontario.camailto:519-738-1256leslie.huff...@ontario.ca From: apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net [mailto:apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net] On Behalf Of Jourdain Jean-Marc Sent: April 7, 2011 4:53 AM To: Apple-crop discussion list Subject: [apple-crop] Chemical regulations Hello all I have been told that in Canada in case you want to purchase a phytosanitary compound, you need to give the retailer a paper like a prescription. Is it right, does someone can describe me and the list, the situation... Our growers are tempted to go this way thinking to share responsibilities with administration... Best regards Jean Marc Jourdain jourdain((at)) ctifl.fr inline: image001.gif___ apple-crop mailing list apple-crop@virtualorchard.net http://virtualorchard.net/mailman/listinfo/apple-crop
Re: [apple-crop] oil spray at pink on apples
I will also weigh in here, being a long-time proponent of delayed-dormant oil sprays against orchard pests. This is from my March 28 article in Scaffolds: The following advice developed from Paul Chapman's original research is essentially unchanged from what I print every spring, which shows the durability of not only the information, but also of a crop protectant that's still as good as it used to be: A delayed-dormant spray of petroleum oil in apples from green tip through tight cluster can be a favored approach for early season mite control, both to conserve the efficacy of and to help slow the development of resistance to our contact miticides. Our standard advice has been to try for control of overwintered eggs using 2 gal/100 at the green tip through half-inch green stage, or 1 gal/100 at tight cluster; this assumes ideal spraying conditions and thorough coverage. Naturally, this is not always achieved in real life, mainly because of weather and coverage challenges, coupled with the difficulty of getting to a number of blocks during a fairly brief window. It is possible for mites to start hatching when the trees are at solid tight cluster, so the suffocating mode of action tends to be compromised if the nymphs are able to pick their way through the droplets or dodge them entirely. Let practicality determine how best to use the following guidelines. First, to be sure that mites are in the egg stage, start on your blocks as soon as the weather and ground conditions permit, even if this means using a higher rate. Depending on how heavy the snowfalls have been in certain areas, local conditions will be the prime determinant of how easily you can get through the rows early on. Also, tend toward the high end of the dosage range, especially if there's been no frost during the 48-hour period before your intended spray, and no danger of one for 24–48 hours afterwards. For example, use 1.5 gal/100 if the buds linger somewhere between half-inch green and full tight cluster during your chosen spray period. Obviously, good coverage of the trees is critical if you're to take advantage of oil's potential efficacy; this in turn requires adequate spray volume delivered at an appropriate speed. Experience and research have shown that a 1X concentration (300 gal/A) in large trees is clearly preferable; however, if all other conditions are optimal (weather, speed, calibration), then 3X, or 100 gal/A, is the highest concentration that should be expected to give acceptable control at any given time. Growers like to concentrate more than this to save time and the hauling of extra water, but reducing coverage too much can compromise your efforts if you end up covering only a small fraction of the egg population with the residue. Don't limit this mite control tactic just to apples and pears. Talks with stone fruit growers have reminded us that many cherry, peach and plum plantings can suffer equally serious European red mite infestations that weren't given the early season attention they might have needed. We don't have hard and fast threshold guidelines for these crops, but stone fruit plantings with a history of past ERM problems should be examined for presence of the red overwintered eggs, and if they're numerous enough to see without a hand lens, then a prebloom application of 2% oil would be a prudent tactic to help ward off this damage, particularly if your fungicide program at this time doesn't present any compatibility problems. Finally, we have heard of some growers who have recently expressed unfounded concern that oil has a negative impact on the health of their trees. To this I can only re-assert that petroleum oil has been used for well over a century as a delayed-dormant treatment to control mites, scales, and even some aphids, with no ill effects on the health of the tree or the current season's crop. The primary cautions we advise when using oils at this time of year stem from their use a) in association with or too close in time to applications of sulfur-containing fungicides, or b) just before or too soon after sub-freezing temperatures; both of these practices risk the occurrence of phytotoxicity, as oil's penetrant activity is capable of damaging the bark, wood, or bud tissues in these situations. Application of oil under any circumstances that do not allow for normal drying to occur can also result in some tissue damage. Also, oil sprays during pink bud can cause burning of the sepals or petals, which may affect normal pollination and fruit set. Art On 4/8/11 6:16 PM, Balsillie dbals...@mnsi.net wrote: Hi Bill We use oil religiously up until full pink bloom at About 6 US gallons per acre . we haven’t sprayed an additional miticide in over 15 years. We consider it the best first step in our insect/mite program.. but it is time consuming . avoid frost forecast by 48 hours.. The secret to the whole thing is
Re: [apple-crop] Scaffolds 4/11
Hi Art, Thanks for your newsletter. Just wondering about the ScaffoldsMD - I know what it is, but wondered how you make the files - what program, what size, etc. I see that Penn State is also providing mobile versions. Any idea how many growers are reading yours on smartphones? Do you need to make different files for iPhones and Blackberries etc? Just trying to keep up with the technology. Thanks, Art! Ps. Thanks for your comments on apple-crop about the rumour of oil reducing yields. Hope others chime in. Leslie Leslie Huffman 519-738-1256 leslie.huff...@ontario.ca mailto:519-738-1256leslie.huff...@ontario.ca From: apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net [mailto:apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net] On Behalf Of Arthur M Agnello Sent: April 11, 2011 3:02 PM To: Apple-crop discussion list Subject: [apple-crop] Scaffolds 4/11 A new issue of Scaffolds Fruit Newsletter for the week of 4/11 has been posted and can be found at: Regular pdf - http://www.scaffolds.entomology.cornell.edu/2011/110411.pdf ScaffoldsMD for mobile devices - http://www.scaffolds.entomology.cornell.edu/2011/4.11MD.pdf This issue includes the following articles: INSECTS - Prebloom pest considerations CHEM NEWS - Errata - Stinkbug control materials DISEASES - Apple scab post-infection control GENERAL INFO - NYSIPM news PHENOLOGIES PEST FOCUS UPCOMING PEST EVENTS -- Arthur M. Agnello Professor and Extension Tree Fruit Entomologist Dept. of Entomology a...@cornell.edu N.Y.S. Agric. Expt. Sta.Tel: 315-787-2341 630 W. North St. Fax: 315-787-2326 Geneva, NY 14456-1371 http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/faculty/agnello Scaffolds Fruit Journal online [NOTE NEW ADDRESS]: http://www.scaffolds.entomology.cornell.edu/index.html image001.gif___ apple-crop mailing list apple-crop@virtualorchard.net http://virtualorchard.net/mailman/listinfo/apple-crop
Re: [apple-crop] definitions question: first, second, third cover
Greetings Rye, I believe this term is a carry over from a time when pest management applications would 'cover' the commodity in a blanket of spray following the critical petal fall application. This PF event typically occurs at roughly 80% of the petals falling from a variety such as Mcintosh in apple. At this point in time the flowers loose their attractiveness to bees allowing for insecticide pest management to occur. In New York's Hudson Valley, this application of insecticide will control European apple sawfly, plum curculio, the overwintering stage of obliquebanded leafroller, tarnish plant bug, rosy apple aphid, and others, depending on the insecticide used. Typically insecticide applications follow a 10 to 14 day interval called cover sprays or covers for short, depending of course on insecticide longevity and the weather (OP's longer, Bt's shorter). The residual of the previous application carrying over for this interval based on its residual to withstand weathering or hydrolysis, its U.V. stability and so on. These applications then target the same insect (PC for the 1st and possibly 2nd cover), or a different insect species or complex of insects (such as codling moth at 2nd, SJS at 3rd cover; summer generation of OBLR at 4th cover; apple maggot SJS at 5th -7th cover) at different periods relative to their timing after petal fall. All of which depends on pest management strategies, weather, population density to name but a few of the variables that increase or decreasing the timing interval. Regards, Peter Hello all, I'm looking over pesticide information and I see a lot of references to first cover, second cover and third cover and also references to first cover spray, second cover spray and third cover spray. All references seem to expect the reader to know what that is. Searching the web I found one reference that said second cover is 4-6 weeks after petal fall. Another reference seemed to refer to the number of wet days to get to second cover and that didn't make any sense to me at all. I guess I'm really unclear on what cover means in this context. What does the term refer to? What is being covered at these stages and/or what is doing the covering? Or what observation do you make and say ah! we are reached second cover today! (same question for first and third.) Also, what is the relationship between second cover and second cover spray? (same question for first and third) I think I would understand once I understand what second cover is, but my general confusion on the topic leaves me with little confidence in that. I have found references for definitions of some stages such as green tip, pre-pink, pink. But these cover stages elude me. Thanks for sharing your expertise! Rye Hefley Future Farmers Marketer So. Cal. Content-Type: text/plain; name=ATT1..c Content-Description: ATT1..c Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=ATT1..c; size=224; creation-date=Mon, 11 Apr 2011 15:25:19 GMT; modification-date=Mon, 11 Apr 2011 15:25:19 GMT Attachment converted: MacIntosh HD:ATT1. 84.c (TEXT/ttxt) (0692E256) -- Peter J. Jentsch Senior Extension Associate Department of Entomology Cornell University's Hudson Valley Lab 3357 Rt. 9W; PO box 727 Highland, NY 12528 email: p...@cornell.edu Phone 845-691-7151 Mobile: 845-417-7465 http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/hudson/faculty.php http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/faculty/jentsch/ ___ apple-crop mailing list apple-crop@virtualorchard.net http://virtualorchard.net/mailman/listinfo/apple-crop
Re: [apple-crop] definitions question: first, second, third cover
I agree with Peter that it's an old term but always took it to mean codling moth sprays, which back in the old days were hard insecticides that killed everything. In Washington most years three were needed, occasionally four. The term covered is also used to numerate the number of days your cover spray application was good for. Could be that one term was the origin of the other. Doesn't seem like the term should apply much anymore since some of the newer insecticides need to be applied weekly. Some growers would be applying eight to ten cover sprays nowdays. Bill Fleming Montana State University Western Ag Research Center 580 Quast Ln Corvallis, Montana From: apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net [mailto:apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net] On Behalf Of Peter J. Jentsch Sent: Monday, April 11, 2011 2:14 PM To: Apple-crop discussion list Subject: Re: [apple-crop] definitions question: first, second, third cover Greetings Rye, I believe this term is a carry over from a time when pest management applications would 'cover' the commodity in a blanket of spray following the critical petal fall application. This PF event typically occurs at roughly 80% of the petals falling from a variety such as Mcintosh in apple. At this point in time the flowers loose their attractiveness to bees allowing for insecticide pest management to occur. In New York's Hudson Valley, this application of insecticide will control European apple sawfly, plum curculio, the overwintering stage of obliquebanded leafroller, tarnish plant bug, rosy apple aphid, and others, depending on the insecticide used. Typically insecticide applications follow a 10 to 14 day interval called cover sprays or covers for short, depending of course on insecticide longevity and the weather (OP's longer, Bt's shorter). The residual of the previous application carrying over for this interval based on its residual to withstand weathering or hydrolysis, its U.V. stability and so on. These applications then target the same insect (PC for the 1st and possibly 2nd cover), or a different insect species or complex of insects (such as codling moth at 2nd, SJS at 3rd cover; summer generation of OBLR at 4th cover; apple maggot SJS at 5th -7th cover) at different periods relative to their timing after petal fall. All of which depends on pest management strategies, weather, population density to name but a few of the variables that increase or decreasing the timing interval. Regards, Peter Hello all, I'm looking over pesticide information and I see a lot of references to first cover, second cover and third cover and also references to first cover spray, second cover spray and third cover spray. All references seem to expect the reader to know what that is. Searching the web I found one reference that said second cover is 4-6 weeks after petal fall. Another reference seemed to refer to the number of wet days to get to second cover and that didn't make any sense to me at all. I guess I'm really unclear on what cover means in this context. What does the term refer to? What is being covered at these stages and/or what is doing the covering? Or what observation do you make and say ah! we are reached second cover today! (same question for first and third.) Also, what is the relationship between second cover and second cover spray? (same question for first and third) I think I would understand once I understand what second cover is, but my general confusion on the topic leaves me with little confidence in that. I have found references for definitions of some stages such as green tip, pre-pink, pink. But these cover stages elude me. Thanks for sharing your expertise! Rye Hefley Future Farmers Marketer So. Cal. Content-Type: text/plain; name=ATT1..c Content-Description: ATT1..c Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=ATT1..c; size=224; creation-date=Mon, 11 Apr 2011 15:25:19 GMT; modification-date=Mon, 11 Apr 2011 15:25:19 GMT Attachment converted: MacIntosh HD:ATT1. 84.c (TEXT/ttxt) (0692E256) -- Peter J. Jentsch Senior Extension Associate Department of Entomology Cornell University's Hudson Valley Lab 3357 Rt. 9W; PO box 727 Highland, NY 12528 email: p...@cornell.edu Phone 845-691-7151 Mobile: 845-417-7465 http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/hudson/faculty.php http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/faculty/jentsch/ ___ apple-crop mailing list apple-crop@virtualorchard.net http://virtualorchard.net/mailman/listinfo/apple-crop
Re: [apple-crop] definitions question: first, second, third cover
I tend to agree the term 'cover' is becoming archaic in regards to modern fruit growing - I did look thru some historical references I have handy and in the 1936 Michigan spray calendar the 'first cover' is applied 10 days after petal-fall, with the 'second cover' applied 10 days after the first cover - 'third cover' is then two weeks after that, and 'fourth cover' two weeks after third - the calendar then refers to a 'summer generation' spray, exact time to be determined each year, usually about Aug 1 with the possibility of one or two more sprays after that at two week intervals the 1945 'Spraying Program' extension bulletin from Ohio State breaks the sprays down into 5 periods - Dormant, Pre-Bloom, Calyx Cup, First Cover, and Second Brood or Fourth Cover - under the 'First Cover' period the program lists the first cover spray as 'ten days after petal fall', second cover as 'three weeks after petal fall' and 'third cover' as two weeks after second cover with a note Watch spray service recommendations for need of an additional cover spray against the first brood of codling moth if should be noted that backbone materials of these programs were sulfer and lead arsenate - anymore I believe the spraying frequency is more decided by monitoring and complicated by such concepts as Alternate Row Center spraying and such - David Doud grower, IN On Apr 11, 2011, at 3:19 PM, Rye wrote: Hello all, I'm looking over pesticide information and I see a lot of references to first cover, second cover and third cover and also references to first cover spray, second cover spray and third cover spray. All references seem to expect the reader to know what that is. Searching the web I found one reference that said second cover is 4-6 weeks after petal fall. Another reference seemed to refer to the number of wet days to get to second cover and that didn't make any sense to me at all. I guess I'm really unclear on what cover means in this context. What does the term refer to? What is being covered at these stages and/or what is doing the covering? Or what observation do you make and say ah! we are reached second cover today! (same question for first and third.) Also, what is the relationship between second cover and second cover spray? (same question for first and third) I think I would understand once I understand what second cover is, but my general confusion on the topic leaves me with little confidence in that. I have found references for definitions of some stages such as green tip, pre-pink, pink. But these cover stages elude me. Thanks for sharing your expertise! Rye Hefley Future Farmers Marketer So. Cal. ___ apple-crop mailing list apple-crop@virtualorchard.net http://virtualorchard.net/mailman/listinfo/apple-crop ___ apple-crop mailing list apple-crop@virtualorchard.net http://virtualorchard.net/mailman/listinfo/apple-crop
