Re: Arch linux installing process

[Ralf Mardorf]

On Tue, 2023-07-18 at 22:57 +0600, Source Code wrote:
> But I use EFI and I don’t understand what I should write where …
> [snip]
> Arch wiki does not tell me this secret.

Hi,

please reply to the mailing list!

I'm sorry, I don't understand your problem. I'm _not_ using legacy BIOS
boot, my Intel's GPU doesn't allow this. Grub2 handles all the EFI
things for me. I only added the path to the installed microcode to
grub.cfg's initrd line.

   initrd /boot/intel-ucode.img /boot/initramfs-linux.img

I can't comment on secure boot, since this is disabled on my machine.

You cannot use one of the ways described by
https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/microcode#Loading_microcode ?

"1Loading microcode
1.1Microcode built in the initramfs
1.2Early loading
1.2.1Unified kernel images
1.2.2Initrd images
1.2.2.1Enabling early microcode loading in custom kernels
1.2.2.2GRUB
1.2.2.3systemd-boot
1.2.2.4EFISTUB
1.2.2.5rEFInd
1.2.2.5.1Manual boot stanzas
1.2.2.6Syslinux
1.2.2.7LILO
1.2.2.8Limine"

Have you tested anything from this?

Regards,
Ralf

Re: Arch linux installing process

[Ralf Mardorf]

On Tue, 2023-07-18 at 21:09 +0600, Source Code wrote:
> If you have an Intel or AMD CPU, enable microcode updates in addition.

Hi,

add the microcode to your bootloader's config! Below are two examples.
The first one is for grub2 and the second is for syslinux.

• rocketmouse@archlinux ~ 
$ grep "Arch Linux threadirqs" /boot/grub/grub.cfg -A4
menuentry "Arch Linux threadirqs" {
search --no-floppy --set=root --label m1.archlinux
linux /boot/vmlinuz-linux root=/dev/disk/by-label/m1.archlinux ro 
threadirqs ibt=off ipv6.disable=1
initrd /boot/intel-ucode.img /boot/initramfs-linux.img
}
• rocketmouse@archlinux ~ 
$ grep "Arch Linux ^threadirqs" /boot/syslinux/syslinux.cfg -A3
MENU LABEL Arch Linux ^threadirqs
LINUX ../vmlinuz-linux
APPEND root=LABEL=s3.archlinux ro threadirqs
INITRD ../intel-ucode.img,../initramfs-linux.img

The interesting parts are the lines initrd and INITRD.
I edit my grub.cfg manually, hence I can't tell you how to edit the
config to auto-generate grub.cfg.
Don't forget to install the microcode package first.

• rocketmouse@archlinux ~ 
$ pacman -Ss microcode
core/amd-ucode 20230625.ee91452d-4
Microcode update image for AMD CPUs
extra/intel-ucode 20230613-1 [installed]
Microcode update files for Intel CPUs
extra/iucode-tool 2.3.1-4
Tool to manipulate Intel® IA-32/X86-64 microcode bundles
chaotic-aur/amd-ucode-git 20230620.045b213-1
Microcode update image for AMD CPUs
chaotic-aur/intel-ucode-clear 36610-1
Intel cpu microcode and i915 firmware used by Clear Linux

Please, if you have such basic questions, consider to take a look at the
Arch Wiki first.
https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/microcode

Regards,
Ralf

Re: Arch linux installing process

[Source Code]

I just wanna add microcode updates with EFI. I need to add:

cat /boot/*and*-ucode.img /boot/initramfs-linux.img > my_new_initrd
objcopy ... --add-section .initrd=my_new_initrd

But I have error:

cat: unrecognised option ‘—add-section’
I write it all on one command line.
What I do wrong?

Вт, 18 июля 2023 г. в 21:19, Andy Pieters :

> On Tue, 18 Jul 2023 at 14:43, Source Code 
> wrote:
> I wanna ask you, that how many size I can choose for Linux x86-64 root and
> Linux file system?
>
> Respectfully can I point you to the installation guides [1] [2]?
>
> [1] https://itsfoss.com/install-arch-linux/
>
> [2] https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/installation_guide
>
> On Tue, 18 Jul 2023 at 16:10, Source Code 
> wrote:
>
>> Now I am in the end of installing linux. I have reached to step 3.21 of
>> installation guide:
>> 3.21 Boot loader
>>
>> Choose and install a Linux-capable boot loader
>> . If you have an Intel or
>> AMD CPU, enable microcode  
>> updates
>> in addition.
>>
>> What it means? What I should choose and install? And how to enable
>> microcode updates in addition?
>>
>> Вт, 18 июля 2023 г. в 20:40, Ralf Mardorf :
>>
>>> On Tue, 2023-07-18 at 20:17 +0600, Source Code wrote:
>>> > Now I use cfdisk and I saw type of sda: Linux swap,
>>> > linux root x86-64 and Linux file system. And I wanna
>>> > know the difference between linux root x86-64 and Linux
>>> > file system.
>>> > Now I think to leave just Linux swap and Linux root x86-64.
>>>
>>> Hi,
>>>
>>> please reply to the mailing list.
>>>
>>> This is again quasi the same I already wrote before:
>>> https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/partitioning#UEFI/GPT_layout_example
>>>
>>> You need a "/boot or /efi" partition. You should use a "Linux swap" and
>>> you need a "Linux x86-64 root (/)". This root directory can use
>>> different file systems, such as ext4, but maybe you want a copy on write
>>> file system.
>>>
>>> https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/file_systems
>>>
>>> I'm sorry, but I don't know how to use cfdisk. If you don't want to use
>>> command line, I recommend to use a live media providing GParted.
>>>
>>> This isn't what I'm using:
>>> https://gparted.org/liveusb.php
>>>
>>> I'm using an USB stick with https://www.ventoy.net/en/index.html . If I
>>> need GParted on a live media, I just run e.g. a persistent Xubuntu or
>>> any other ISO copied to the Ventoy USB stick.
>>>
>>> Regards,
>>> Ralf
>>>
>>

Re: Arch linux installing process

[Andy Pieters]

On Tue, 18 Jul 2023 at 14:43, Source Code  wrote:
I wanna ask you, that how many size I can choose for Linux x86-64 root and
Linux file system?

Respectfully can I point you to the installation guides [1] [2]?

[1] https://itsfoss.com/install-arch-linux/

[2] https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/installation_guide

On Tue, 18 Jul 2023 at 16:10, Source Code  wrote:

> Now I am in the end of installing linux. I have reached to step 3.21 of
> installation guide:
> 3.21 Boot loader
>
> Choose and install a Linux-capable boot loader
> . If you have an Intel or
> AMD CPU, enable microcode  updates
> in addition.
>
> What it means? What I should choose and install? And how to enable
> microcode updates in addition?
>
> Вт, 18 июля 2023 г. в 20:40, Ralf Mardorf :
>
>> On Tue, 2023-07-18 at 20:17 +0600, Source Code wrote:
>> > Now I use cfdisk and I saw type of sda: Linux swap,
>> > linux root x86-64 and Linux file system. And I wanna
>> > know the difference between linux root x86-64 and Linux
>> > file system.
>> > Now I think to leave just Linux swap and Linux root x86-64.
>>
>> Hi,
>>
>> please reply to the mailing list.
>>
>> This is again quasi the same I already wrote before:
>> https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/partitioning#UEFI/GPT_layout_example
>>
>> You need a "/boot or /efi" partition. You should use a "Linux swap" and
>> you need a "Linux x86-64 root (/)". This root directory can use
>> different file systems, such as ext4, but maybe you want a copy on write
>> file system.
>>
>> https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/file_systems
>>
>> I'm sorry, but I don't know how to use cfdisk. If you don't want to use
>> command line, I recommend to use a live media providing GParted.
>>
>> This isn't what I'm using:
>> https://gparted.org/liveusb.php
>>
>> I'm using an USB stick with https://www.ventoy.net/en/index.html . If I
>> need GParted on a live media, I just run e.g. a persistent Xubuntu or
>> any other ISO copied to the Ventoy USB stick.
>>
>> Regards,
>> Ralf
>>
>

Re: Arch linux installing process

[Source Code]

Now I am in the end of installing linux. I have reached to step 3.21 of
installation guide:
3.21 Boot loader

Choose and install a Linux-capable boot loader
. If you have an Intel or AMD
CPU, enable microcode  updates
in addition.

What it means? What I should choose and install? And how to enable
microcode updates in addition?

Вт, 18 июля 2023 г. в 20:40, Ralf Mardorf :

> On Tue, 2023-07-18 at 20:17 +0600, Source Code wrote:
> > Now I use cfdisk and I saw type of sda: Linux swap,
> > linux root x86-64 and Linux file system. And I wanna
> > know the difference between linux root x86-64 and Linux
> > file system.
> > Now I think to leave just Linux swap and Linux root x86-64.
>
> Hi,
>
> please reply to the mailing list.
>
> This is again quasi the same I already wrote before:
> https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/partitioning#UEFI/GPT_layout_example
>
> You need a "/boot or /efi" partition. You should use a "Linux swap" and
> you need a "Linux x86-64 root (/)". This root directory can use
> different file systems, such as ext4, but maybe you want a copy on write
> file system.
>
> https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/file_systems
>
> I'm sorry, but I don't know how to use cfdisk. If you don't want to use
> command line, I recommend to use a live media providing GParted.
>
> This isn't what I'm using:
> https://gparted.org/liveusb.php
>
> I'm using an USB stick with https://www.ventoy.net/en/index.html . If I
> need GParted on a live media, I just run e.g. a persistent Xubuntu or
> any other ISO copied to the Ventoy USB stick.
>
> Regards,
> Ralf
>

Re: Arch linux installing process

[Ralf Mardorf]

On Tue, 2023-07-18 at 20:17 +0600, Source Code wrote:
> Now I use cfdisk and I saw type of sda: Linux swap,
> linux root x86-64 and Linux file system. And I wanna
> know the difference between linux root x86-64 and Linux
> file system.
> Now I think to leave just Linux swap and Linux root x86-64.

Hi,

please reply to the mailing list.

This is again quasi the same I already wrote before:
https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/partitioning#UEFI/GPT_layout_example

You need a "/boot or /efi" partition. You should use a "Linux swap" and
you need a "Linux x86-64 root (/)". This root directory can use
different file systems, such as ext4, but maybe you want a copy on write
file system.

https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/file_systems

I'm sorry, but I don't know how to use cfdisk. If you don't want to use
command line, I recommend to use a live media providing GParted.

This isn't what I'm using:
https://gparted.org/liveusb.php

I'm using an USB stick with https://www.ventoy.net/en/index.html . If I
need GParted on a live media, I just run e.g. a persistent Xubuntu or
any other ISO copied to the Ventoy USB stick.

Regards,
Ralf

Re: Arch linux installing process

[Ralf Mardorf]

On Tue, 2023-07-18 at 19:43 +0600, Source Code wrote:
> I wanna ask you, that how many size I can choose
> for Linux x86-64 root and Linux file system?

IIUC 78.1G are unallocated after deleting sda6 and sda7.

You might want a root partition without separating /boot or any other
partition from the root directory, this should be the largest partition.
You might not need a swap partition, but I'm in favour of swap
partitions, the size depends and you probably need a third partition,
the EFI thingy.

Are you in favour of a file system? What are you trying to achieve?

Different to what I've written above and yet somehow the same:
https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/installation_guide#Example_layouts

Re: Arch linux installing process

[Bjoern Franke]

Am 18.07.23 um 15:43 schrieb Source Code:
I wanna ask you, that how many size I can choose for Linux x86-64 root 
and Linux file system?


Could you please stay in your thread and don't create a new one for 
every new question? Thanks!

Arch linux installing process

[Source Code]

I wanna ask you, that how many size I can choose for Linux x86-64 root and
Linux file system?