Re: [Bitcoin-development] Proposed alternatives to the 20MB step function

2015-05-19 Thread Tier Nolan
On Mon, May 18, 2015 at 2:42 AM, Rusty Russell ru...@rustcorp.com.au
wrote:

 OK.  Be nice if these were cleaned up, but I guess it's a sunk cost.


Yeah.

On the plus side, as people spend their money, old UTXOs would be used up
and then they would be included in the cost function.  It is only people
who are storing their money long term that wouldn't.

They are unlikely to have consumed their UTXOs anyway, unless miners
started paying for UTXOs.

We could make it a range.

UTXOs from below 355,000 and above 375,000 are included.  That can create
incentive problems for the next similar change, I think a future threshold
is better.


  He said utxo_created_size not utxo_created so I assumed scriptlen?


Maybe I mis-read.


 But you made that number up?  The soft cap and hard byte limit are
 different beasts, so there's no need for soft cost cap  hard byte
 limit.


I was thinking about it being a soft-fork.

If it was combined with the 20MB limit change, then it can be anything.

I made a suggestion somewhere (her or forums not sure), that transactions
should be allowed to store bytes.

For example, a new opcode could be added, byte_count OP_LOCK_BYTES.

This makes the transaction seem byte_count larger.  However, when
spending the UTXO, that transaction counts as byte_count smaller, even
against the hard-cap.

This would be useful for channels.  If channels were 100-1000X the
blockchain volume and someone caused lots of channels to close, there
mightn't be enough space for all the close channel transactions.  Some
people might be able to get their refund transactions included in the
blockchain because the timeout expires.

If transactions could store enough space to be spent, then a mass channel
close would cause some very large blocks, but then they would have to be
followed by lots of tiny blocks.

The block limit would be an average not fixed per block.  There would be 3
limits

Absolute hard limit (max bytes no matter what): 100MB
Hard limit (max bytes after stored bytes offset): 30MB
Soft limit (max bytes equivalents): 10MB

Blocks lager than ~32MB require a new network protocol, which makes the
hard fork even harder.  The protocol change could be messages can now be
150MB max though, so maybe not so complex.



  This requires that transactions include scriptPubKey information when
  broadcasting them.

 Brilliant!  I completely missed that possibility...


I have written a BIP about it.  It is still in the draft stage.  I had a
look into writing up the code for the protocol change.

https://github.com/TierNolan/bips/blob/extended_transactions/bip-etx.mediawiki
https://github.com/TierNolan/bips/blob/extended_transactions/bip-etx-fork.mediawiki
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Re: [Bitcoin-development] [BIP] Normalized Transaction IDs

2015-05-19 Thread Christian Decker
Thanks Stephen, I hadn't thought about BIP 34 and we need to address this
in both proposals. If we can avoid it I'd like not to have one transaction
hashed one way and other transactions in another way.

Since BIP 34 explicitly uses the scriptSig to make the coinbase transaction
unique, simply removing the scriptSig is not an option as it would
potentially cause collisions. I don't remember why the scriptSig was
chosen, but we also have the option of putting the blockchain height in the
sequence number of the coinbase input or the locktime of the transaction,
restoring the uniqueness constraint in normalized transaction IDs (for both
proposals). Is there a specific reason why that was not chosen at the time?

On Sat, May 16, 2015 at 5:58 AM Stephen stephencalebmo...@gmail.com wrote:

 We should make sure to consider how BIP34 affects normalized transaction
 ids, since the height of the block is included in the scriptSig ensuring
 that the txid will be different. We wouldn't want to enable replay attacks
 in the form of spending coinbase outputs in the same way they were spent
 from a previous block.

 So maybe normalized txids should strip the scriptSigs of all transactions
 except for coinbase transactions? This seems to make sense, since coinbase
 transactions are inherently not malleable anyway.

 Also, s7r linked to my 'Build your own nHashType' proposal (although V2 is
 here:
 https://github.com/scmorse/bitcoin-misc/blob/master/sighash_proposal_v2.md).
 I just wanted to add that I think even with normalized ids, it could still
 be useful to be able to apply these flags to choose which parts of the
 transaction become signed. I've also seen vague references to some kind of
 a merklized abstract syntax tree, but am not fully sure how that would
 work. Maybe someone on here could explain it?

 Best,
 Stephen



  On May 15, 2015, at 5:54 AM, s7r s...@sky-ip.org wrote:
 
  Hello,
 
  How will this exactly be safe against:
  a) the malleability of the parent tx (2nd level malleability)
  b) replays
 
  If you strip just the scriptSig of the input(s), the txid(s) can still
  be mutated (with higher probability before it gets confirmed).
 
  If you strip both the scriptSig of the parent and the txid, nothing can
  any longer be mutated but this is not safe against replays. This could
  work if we were using only one scriptPubKey per tx. But this is not
  enforced, and I don't think it's the proper way to do it.
 
  Something similar can be achieved if you would use a combination of
  flags from here:
 
  https://github.com/scmorse/bitcoin-misc/blob/master/sighash_proposal.md
 
  But this has some issues too.
 
  I've read your draft but didn't understand how exactly will this prevent
  normal malleability as we know it, second level malleability and replays
  as well as how will we do the transition into mapping the txes in the
  blockchain to normalized txids. Looking forward to read more on this
  topic. Thanks for the brainstorming ;)
 
 
  On 5/13/2015 3:48 PM, Christian Decker wrote:
  Hi All,
 
  I'd like to propose a BIP to normalize transaction IDs in order to
  address transaction malleability and facilitate higher level protocols.
 
  The normalized transaction ID is an alias used in parallel to the
  current (legacy) transaction IDs to address outputs in transactions. It
  is calculated by removing (zeroing) the scriptSig before computing the
  hash, which ensures that only data whose integrity is also guaranteed by
  the signatures influences the hash. Thus if anything causes the
  normalized ID to change it automatically invalidates the signature. When
  validating a client supporting this BIP would use both the normalized tx
  ID as well as the legacy tx ID when validating transactions.
 
  The detailed writeup can be found
  here:
 https://github.com/cdecker/bips/blob/normalized-txid/bip-00nn.mediawiki.
 
  @gmaxwell: I'd like to request a BIP number, unless there is something
  really wrong with the proposal.
 
  In addition to being a simple alternative that solves transaction
  malleability it also hugely simplifies higher level protocols. We can
  now use template transactions upon which sequences of transactions can
  be built before signing them.
 
  I hesitated quite a while to propose it since it does require a hardfork
  (old clients would not find the prevTx identified by the normalized
  transaction ID and deem the spending transaction invalid), but it seems
  that hardforks are no longer the dreaded boogeyman nobody talks about.
  I left out the details of how the hardfork is to be done, as it does not
  really matter and we may have a good mechanism to apply a bunch of
  hardforks concurrently in the future.
 
  I'm sure it'll take time to implement and upgrade, but I think it would
  be a nice addition to the functionality and would solve a long standing
  problem :-)
 
  Please let me know what you think, the proposal is definitely not set in
  stone at this point and I'm sure 

[Bitcoin-development] Bitcoin Core 0.9.5 release candidate 1 tagged

2015-05-19 Thread Wladimir J. van der Laan
Hello,

I've just tagged release candidate 1 for 0.9.5 (tag `v0.9.5rc1`).

The reason for this backport release is to make BIP66 available on the 0.9 
branch. This has been requested by a few users, mostly miners.

Full (preliminary) release notes can be found at: 
https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/0.9/doc/release-notes.md

In contrast to 0.10.x releases it is unclear whether there will be enough 
gitian signatures for a binary release, any help with building is welcome.
See https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/0.9/doc/release-process.md
(many steps have changed since then, so the release process for 0.10 or master 
will not work)

Wladimir

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Re: [Bitcoin-development] [BIP] Normalized Transaction IDs

2015-05-19 Thread Tier Nolan
On Tue, May 19, 2015 at 9:28 AM, Christian Decker 
decker.christ...@gmail.com wrote:

 Thanks Stephen, I hadn't thought about BIP 34 and we need to address this
 in both proposals. If we can avoid it I'd like not to have one
 transaction hashed one way and other transactions in another way.


The normalized TXID cannot depend on height for other transactions.
Otherwise, it gets mutated when been added to the chain, depending on
height.

An option would be that the height is included in the scriptSig for all
transactions, but for non-coinbase transctions, the height used is zero.

I think if height has to be an input into the normalized txid function, the
specifics of inclusion don't matter.

The previous txid for coinbases are required to be all zeros, so the
normalized txid could be to add the height to the txids of all inputs.
Again, non-coinbase transactions would have heights of zero.


 Is there a specific reason why that was not chosen at the time?


I assumed that since the scriptSig in the coinbase is specifically intended
to be random bytes/extra nonce, so putting a restriction on it was
guaranteed to be backward compatible.
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Re: [Bitcoin-development] [BIP] Normalized Transaction IDs

2015-05-19 Thread Christian Decker
On Tue, May 19, 2015 at 11:16 AM Tier Nolan tier.no...@gmail.com wrote:

 On Tue, May 19, 2015 at 9:28 AM, Christian Decker 
 decker.christ...@gmail.com wrote:

 Thanks Stephen, I hadn't thought about BIP 34 and we need to address this
 in both proposals. If we can avoid it I'd like not to have one
 transaction hashed one way and other transactions in another way.


 The normalized TXID cannot depend on height for other transactions.
 Otherwise, it gets mutated when been added to the chain, depending on
 height.

Well in the case of coinbase transactions we want them to be dependent on
the height they are included in, which is not a problem since they are only
valid in conjunction with the block that mined them.


 An option would be that the height is included in the scriptSig for all
 transactions, but for non-coinbase transctions, the height used is zero.

No need to add an extra field to the transaction just to include the
height. We can just add a rule that the height specified in the scriptSig
in coinbase transactions (and only coinbase transactions) is copied into
the locktime of the transaction before computing the normalized transaction
ID and leave the locktime untouched for all normal transactions


 I think if height has to be an input into the normalized txid function,
 the specifics of inclusion don't matter.

 The previous txid for coinbases are required to be all zeros, so the
 normalized txid could be to add the height to the txids of all inputs.
 Again, non-coinbase transactions would have heights of zero.


 Is there a specific reason why that was not chosen at the time?


 I assumed that since the scriptSig in the coinbase is specifically
 intended to be random bytes/extra nonce, so putting a restriction on it
 was guaranteed to be backward compatible.

Sounds reasonable :-)



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Re: [Bitcoin-development] Open Bitcoin Privacy Project Spring 2015 Report

2015-05-19 Thread Jonas Schnelli



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 Am 18.05.2015 um 23:57 schrieb Justus Ranvier 
 jus...@openbitcoinprivacyproject.org:
 
 -BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-
 Hash: SHA1
 
 Replying to the list because this is a common question.
 
 We rated as many wallets as we could based on the amount of manpower
 we had available to perform the ratings.
 
 We will be holding a recruiting drive shortly to solicit additional
 volunteers so that we can cover more wallet for the next round of ratings.
 

Hi Justus

Is there a reason why Bitcoin-Core and Breadwallet (iOS) is missing?

Thanks
—
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Re: [Bitcoin-development] Open Bitcoin Privacy Project Spring 2015 Report

2015-05-19 Thread Jonas Schnelli
 
 Am 18.05.2015 um 23:57 schrieb Justus Ranvier 
 jus...@openbitcoinprivacyproject.org 
 mailto:jus...@openbitcoinprivacyproject.org:
 
 -BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-
 Hash: SHA1
 
 Replying to the list because this is a common question.
 
 We rated as many wallets as we could based on the amount of manpower
 we had available to perform the ratings.
 
 We will be holding a recruiting drive shortly to solicit additional
 volunteers so that we can cover more wallet for the next round of ratings.
 
 
 Hi Justus
 
 Is there a reason why Bitcoin-Core and Breadwallet (iOS) is missing?
 
 Thanks
 —
 /Jonas

Sorry for the horrible top post, i accidentally added a text signature on top.

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[Bitcoin-development] Scaling Bitcoin with Subchains

2015-05-19 Thread Andrew
Hi

I briefly mentioned something about this on the bitcoin-dev IRC room. In
general, it seems experts (like sipa i.e. Pieter) are against using
sidechains as a way of scaling. As I only have a high level understanding
of the Bitcoin protocol, I cannot be sure if what I want to do is actually
defined as a side chain, but let me just propose it, and please let me know
whether it can work, and if not why not (I'm not scared of digging into
more technical resources in order to fully understand). I do have a good
academic/practical background for Bitcoin, and I'm ready to contribute code
if needed (one of my contributions includes a paper wallet creator written
in C).

The main problem I see with increasing the block size limit is that it
increases the amount of storage required to fully validate all transactions
for say 100 years (a person's life). With 1 MB blocks, you can store all
lifetime transactions on a 5 TB drive, which basically any regular user can
do. With 10 MB blocks, you need a 50 TB drive, not accessible for regular
users. Yes, it's possible that in the future hard drive technology will get
cheaper and smaller, but this still didn't happen, so we can't just say it
should be doable at the rate of Moore's law etc..., we need to know that
it is accessible for everyone, now. Also, don't forget that human life
expectancy can increase with time as well. I know, it sounds silly to use a
human lifetime as a measurement of how far back each user should be able to
store transactions for, but what is a better measurement? This is a
technology made for people i.e. humans, right, and the important part is
that it is for regular people and not just well privileged people. You can
search my last four emails for some more calculations.

What sipa told me on the IRC channel is that Bitcoin Core does not care
about old transactions. It only looks at the current blocks. Yes, that
makes sense, but how do you know that your machine wasn't compromised when
validating the previous blocks? And what if you want to check some old
transactions (assuming you didn't index everything)? What if some of your
old transaction data was lost or corrupted? I think it is clear that it is
useful to be able to validate all blocks (since 100 years) rather than just
a pruned part. It empowers people to have as much information about Bitcoin
transactions as do large data centers; transactions that may include
government or corporate corruption. This is the key to how Bitcoin enables
transparency for those who should be transparent (individual users with
private addresses can still remain anonymous). Also, 5 TB takes about 20
days to sync starting fresh, on a regular computer, so it allows easy entry
into the system.

So assuming we agree that people should be able to store ~ a lifetime of
transactions, then we need 1 MB blocks. But of course, this leads to huge
transaction costs, and small purchases will be out of limits. So to fix
this, I propose adding a 10 1 MB chains below the main chain (sorry on the
IRC room I said 10 10 MB chains by mistake), so effectively, you have a new
10 MB chain that is partitioned into 10 parts. You can also add a third
level: 100 1 MB chains, and keep going like that. The idea is that when you
make a large transaction, you put it through the top chain; when you make a
medium sized transaction, you put it through one of the middle chains,
which will be verified (mined) by the middle chain, and the top chain will
verify the aggregate transactions of the middle chain. If you have a small
sized transaction, you put it through one of the bottom chains, the bottom
chain verifies it, the middle chain verifies the aggregate transactions of
the bottom chain, and the top chain verifies the aggregate transactions of
the middle chain. By aggregate transaction, I mean the net result of
multiple transactions, and I suppose it can be 20 transactions belonging
only to one sibling chain for level 2, or 200 transactions for level 3,
etc...

Now, how does the system decide to which of the 10 chains the middle sized
transaction goes to? I propose just taking some simple function of the
input addresses mod 10, so that you can just keep randomly generating a
wallet until you get one with only addresses that map to only one of the 10
chains (even distribution), so that someone can choose one of the 10
chains, and store only the transactions that belong to that chain. They
should also choose a chain from level 3, etc... So in effect, they will be
storing a chain with block size O(n) where n is the number of levels. They
may store multiple sibling chains at one level, if they want to track of
other people's transactions, such as those of their government MP, or
perhaps, they want to have a separate identity that would be more anonymous
with a separate series of sibling chains. This will increase the storage
size, but the increase will be proportional to the number of things you
want to keep track of (at least this kind of system 

Re: [Bitcoin-development] [BIP] Normalized Transaction IDs

2015-05-19 Thread Stephen Morse

 An option would be that the height is included in the scriptSig for all
 transactions, but for non-coinbase transctions, the height used is zero.

 No need to add an extra field to the transaction just to include the
 height. We can just add a rule that the height specified in the scriptSig
 in coinbase transactions (and only coinbase transactions) is copied into
 the locktime of the transaction before computing the normalized transaction
 ID and leave the locktime untouched for all normal transactions


No need to replace lock times (or any other part of the transaction) at
all. If you have to, just serialize the height right before serializing the
transaction (into the same buffer). And you could pre-serialize 0 instead
of the height for all non-coinbase transactions. I don't really see what
that gets you, though, because the 0 is not really doing anything.

But, I don't see any reason you have to mess with the serialization this
much at all. Just do:

uint256 normalized_txid(CTransaction tx)
{
  // Coinbase transactions are already normalized
  if (!tx.IsCoinbase())
  {
foreach(CTxIn in : tx.vin)
{
  if (!ReplacePrevoutHashWithNormalizedHash(in.prevout))
throw NormalizationError(Could not lookup prevout);
  in.scriptSig.clear();
}
  }

  // Serialize
  CHashWriter ss(SER_GETHASH, 0);
  ss  tx;
  return ss.GetHash();
}

An alternative could be (although I like the above option better):

uint256 normalized_txid(CTransaction tx, int nHeight)
{
  foreach(CTxIn in : tx.vin)
  {
if (!in.prevout.IsNull() 
!ReplacePrevoutHashWithNormalizedHash(in.prevout))
  throw NormalizationError(Could not lookup prevout);
in.scriptSig.clear();
  }

  // Serialize
  CHashWriter ss(SER_GETHASH, 0);

if (tx.IsCoinbase())
ss  nHeight;
// or:
// ss  (tx.IsCoinbase() ? nHeight : 0);

  ss  tx;
  return ss.GetHash();
}
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[Bitcoin-development] Bitcoin Core 0.10.2 released

2015-05-19 Thread Wladimir J. van der Laan


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Re: [Bitcoin-development] Bitcoin Core 0.10.2 released

2015-05-19 Thread Wladimir
Bitcoin Core version 0.10.2 is now available from:

  https://bitcoin.org/bin/bitcoin-core-0.10.2/

The distribution is also available as torrent:

   https://bitcoin.org/bin/bitcoin-core-0.10.2/bitcoin-0.10.2.torrent

   
magnet:?xt=urn:btih:746a616aa8de97856c207e7a899c7ee315e8c44ddn=bitcoin-core-0.10.2tr=udp%3A%2F%2Ftracker.openbittorrent.com%3A80%2Fannouncetr=udp%3A%2F%2Ftracker.publicbt.com%3A80%2Fannouncetr=udp%3A%2F%2Ftracker.ccc.de%3A80%2Fannouncetr=udp%3A%2F%2Ftracker.coppersurfer.tk%3A6969tr=udp%3A%2F%2Fopen.demonii.com%3A1337ws=https%3A%2F%2Fbitcoin.org%2Fbin%2

The source code can be found in git under the tag `v0.10.2`, or in
`bitcoin-0.10.2.tar.gz` in the distribution.

This is a new minor version release, bringing minor bug fixes and translation
updates. It is only necessary to upgrade to this version when unable
to start the
application on Windows with 0.10.1.

Please report bugs using the issue tracker at github:

  https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/issues

Upgrading and downgrading
=

How to Upgrade
--

If you are running an older version, shut it down. Wait until it has completely
shut down (which might take a few minutes for older versions), then run the
installer (on Windows) or just copy over /Applications/Bitcoin-Qt (on Mac) or
bitcoind/bitcoin-qt (on Linux).

Downgrade warning
--

Because release 0.10.0 and later makes use of headers-first synchronization and
parallel block download (see further), the block files and databases are not
backwards-compatible with pre-0.10 versions of Bitcoin Core or other software:

* Blocks will be stored on disk out of order (in the order they are
received, really), which makes it incompatible with some tools or
other programs. Reindexing using earlier versions will also not work
anymore as a result of this.

* The block index database will now hold headers for which no block is
stored on disk, which earlier versions won't support.

If you want to be able to downgrade smoothly, make a backup of your entire data
directory. Without this your node will need start syncing (or importing from
bootstrap.dat) anew afterwards. It is possible that the data from a completely
synchronised 0.10 node may be usable in older versions as-is, but this is not
supported and may break as soon as the older version attempts to reindex.

This does not affect wallet forward or backward compatibility.

Notable changes
===

This fixes a serious problem on Windows with data directories that
have non-ASCII
characters (https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/issues/6078).

For other platforms there are no notable changes.

For the notable changes in 0.10, refer to the release notes
at https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/v0.10.0/doc/release-notes.md

0.10.2 Change log
=

Detailed release notes follow. This overview includes changes that
affect external
behavior, not code moves, refactors or string updates.

Wallet:
- `824c011` fix boost::get usage with boost 1.58

Miscellaneous:
- `da65606` Avoid crash on start in TestBlockValidity with gen=1.
- `424ae66` don't imbue boost::filesystem::path with locale C on
windows (fixes #6078)

Credits
===

Thanks to everyone who directly contributed to this release:

- Cory Fields
- Gregory Maxwell
- Jonas Schnelli
- Wladimir J. van der Laan

And all those who contributed additional code review and/or security research:

- dexX7
- Pieter Wuille
- vayvanne

As well as everyone that helped translating on
[Transifex](https://www.transifex.com/projects/p/bitcoin/).

On Tue, May 19, 2015 at 1:44 PM, Wladimir J. van der Laan
laa...@gmail.com wrote:


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[Bitcoin-development] ChainDB Whitepaper

2015-05-19 Thread Eric Martindale

-BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-
Hash: SHA512

Hello all,

BitPay has just released our first whitepaper on ChainDB, a new
peer-to-peer database system backed by the Bitcoin blockchain.  This
paper outlines our intended consensus mechanism, proof of fee.

Please take a look at the paper here: https://bitpay.com/chaindb.pdf

We are seeking comments and feedback on this mechanism.  I am happy to
answer any questions about the paper itself.

Sincerely,

Eric Martindale
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[Bitcoin-development] Regtest Consensus Forking Behavior Introduced in Bitcoin Core in May 2014

2015-05-19 Thread Dave Collins
Hello All,

Josh Rickmar and I discovered a subtle consensus change in Bitcoin Core
which causes forking behavior on regtest.  Luckily it does not affect
mainnet or testnet, however it does mean that regtest difficulty
retargetting is broken.

I've made a post to the bitcointalk forums at
https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=1065504 for the nicer formatting
which explains in detail.

Regards,

Dave Collins



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