-Caveat Lector- Of all the tyrannies, a tyranny exercised for the good of its victims may be the most oppressive. It may be better to live under robber barons than under omnipotent moral busybodies. The robber baron's cruelty may sometimes sleep, his cupidity may at some point be satiated; but those who torment us for our own good will torment us without end, for they do so with the approval of their consciences." -- C.S. Lewis Introduction The left and liberal wings in the western political world have had a changeable relationship with regard to race relations. The only consistency has been for the left to hold radical opinions. I have covered the history in terms of various quotes from leaders of the left. The right wing was not included as it has probably changed less than the left and has had fewer hidden agenda's. Also race relations have assumed a religious dimension, that has never happened on the right wing(except for the Nazis). The definition of 'left wing' as will become apparent, was not as straight forward as one might think, I have defined it is those seeking radical transformation of society toward equality.( A definition that could include Mr Hitler, as well as. Thabo Mbekis radical transformation of South African society). Historically, the line between extreme right and left can become blurred. For instance Mussolini and Goebbels were socialists before they were fascists. Liberals I have defined as those believing in the sovereignty of the individual ( today that is more closely aligned with the libertarian movement). Originally the concept of race/ ethnicity pre the enlightenment was very fuzzy, as it was believed that environmental influences and culture were pre-eminent. For instance the first blacks imported into America came as indentured servants-on exactly the same status as white 'convicts'. who were imported to do hard labour. Slavery was not associated with race and that only changed toward the end of slavery's life in the USA. Also before the development of mass shipping, the most people including the elite only had contact with the ethnic group living alongside them and the Jewish community. Conflict was then defined only in terms of language/culture or religion. After the enlightenment, scientific approach was adopted to the study of people With the decline in Christianity (and traditional Judaism), the religious impulse in men was transferred into secular world views ranging from illuminism through Marxism, nazism, communism, existentialism, egalitarian humanism etc. Most of which have attempted to overcome the sense of alienation that has occurred with the decline of religion, the rise of capitalism and the process of urbanisation. The left wing has changed its emphasis between the equality as a matter of faith and science more than once as will be seen. In the 18th century, the attitudes of the right and liberal could be considered separatist toward out groups, with the extremes promoting domination and even extermination; with the left wing being wanting to use race as a form of radical revolution. In the 19th century, the right were more strongly into paternalism and domination (the so called white man's burden), with liberalism still promoting separation, and the left wing promoting extermination or separation of outgroups Modern left wing egalitarianism has a number of streams, that have combined to form today's attitudes to race and culture. The first is the radical socialists, which found a major voice in the Boasian school of anthropology by the 1940's something like 70% of Anthropology departments in the USA has a strong Boasian bias. The next is the Zionists, who did not want to be assimilated into WASP America and wanted open borders to aid the persecuted Jews in Russia and Poland. From this group comes modern multiculturalism. The Fabian groups have perhaps had the most radical change and become the major advocate of cultural marxism. The last and most suprising is the Rockerfeller / capitalist power elite with the associated large foundations. Mr JD Rockerfeller was a religious Baptist (he taught every weekend in Sunday school) However he was not orthodox and viewed himself as setting up an improved version of religion (The Prize-Daniel Yergin). Mr Rockerfeller's foundations (and associated foundations such as the Carnegie and later Ford foundation) have been consistently involved in promoting egalitarian causes such as the Fabian dominated London School of Economics, federal council of churches (see Fabian Freeway: High Road to Socialism in the USA--1884-1966 by Rose L. Martin) (see appendix 1). Also many leading industrialist have seen the liberating and enabling power of capitalism and began to see capitalism as an ideal in itself, rather than a means of wealth creation. More cynically, the elites have used socialism as a means of pacifying the masses from at least biblical times (Joseph's granary system in Egypt) In Roman times the masses were pacified by "Bread and Games". In modern times both Bismarck and Hitler used socialism to pre-empt their societies. When it comes to exploitation then all can be equally exploited. Here is a point to comment on the protestant church's attitude.(I am unfamiliar with the catholic churches history). In the last century most churches had a strong reformation bias. These churches had stong affiliation to the old testament, with the attendant emphasis on The sovereignty of the Law, the power of Sin (selfishness), and the reality of the attendant conflicts between different groups. For instance when Rev Phillips came to South Africa from the London missionary society, to protect black interests, he came not to promote integration, but to prevent white domination of blacks by trying to reduce white imperialism and allow living space for the blacks. Apartheid had its theological routes in the works of Abraham Kuyper a Dutch theologian, This theology when given the right incentives helped create the cantonal system as exists in Switzerland . Apartheid, in attemt to supply security and survival for th afrikaner became a white supremacist system. From the turn of the century these roots of western culture in the reformation have dwindled and the churches have become dominated by either the social gospel and a evangelistic Christianity, both of which are dominated by authoritarian/egalitarian ethos rather than Harmonic/Hierachial ideal.(see appendix 2) As an aside, all ethnic groups have a similar ambiguous relationships with out groups. Chinese see westerners as Gwelos- foreign devils floating in diabolical mist with large hooked noses and fiery hair. The ANC/PAC in South Africa have been chanting "kill the boer (afrikaner), kill the farmer". Or "one settler (white) one Bullet". Such attitudes come and go, depending on the power relationships and level of grievances and prosperity. So let the quotes begin. ===================================================== Setting the scene.- I am apt to suspect the Negroes, and in general all the other species of men, to be naturally inferior to whites. There never was any civilized nation of any other complexion than white, nor even any individual eminent in action or speculation. No ingenious manufactures among them, no arts, no sciences....Such a uniform and constant difference could not happen, in so many countries and ages, if nature had not made an original distinction betwixt the breeds of men." David HUME, 1748, 'Of national characters.' In D.Hume, Essays: Moral, Political and Literary. "The Negroes of Africa have received from nature no intelligence that rises above the foolish. Hume invites anyone to quote a single example of a Negro who has exhibited talents. He asserts that among the hundred thousands of blacks who have been seduced away from their own countries, although very many of them have been set free, yet not a single one has ever been found that has performed anything great whether in art or science or in any other laudable subject; but among the whites, people constantly rise up from the lowest rabble and acquire esteem through their superior gifts." Immanuel KANT, 1764, Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and the Sublime. (Kant's gesammelte Schriften. Berlin : Reimer, 1910-1937.) "[Thomas Sowell, 1994, Race and Culture] notes that, historically speaking, it was not only blacks who bore [the burden of slavery]. Millions of people-Europeans, Africans and Asians-have suffered the indignity of involuntary servitude. The very word "slave", he notes, is a close etymological relative of the word "Slav", and came to be used because the Slavic peoples were once a favorite prey of slave traders. To contend, therefore, that some of the uglier social difficulties commonplace within the black community are a "legacy of slavery" is unequivocal rubbish, in Sowell's view. As he points out, before 1950, and going back over 100 years to the era of slavery, most black children were reared in two-parent homes.....Black social problems are a legacy of the welfare state, Sowell asserts, not of events in past centuries and certainly not of "racism"." Fr James THORNTON, 1995, New American 11, i. "....the various races, when carefully compared and measured, differ much from each other-as in the texture of hair, the relative proportions of all parts of the body, the capacity of the lungs, the form and capacity of the skull, and even the convolutions of the brain. But it would be an endless task to specify the numerous points of difference. The races differ also in constitution, in acclimatization and in liability to certain diseases. Their mental characteristics are likewise very distinct; chiefly as it would appear in their emotion, but partly in their intellectual faculties. Everyone who has had the opportunity of comparison must have been struck by the contrast between taciturn, even morose aborigines of South America and the light-hearted, talkative negroes." Charles DARWIN, 1871, The Descent of Man, Chapter Hegels comments on the Negroes is " they exhibits the natural man in his complete and untamed state"......The polygamy of the Negroes has frequently for its object the having of many children, to be sold, every one , into slavery. Slavery is an injustice, for the essence of humanity is freedom. But for that the man must be matured. The gradual abolition of slavery is therefore wiser and more equitable than its sudden removal.(The philosophy of History) Mose Maimonides( 14th century a leading Jewish Theologian)- Guide to the perplexed "The Negroes found in the remote south and those who resemble them from among them are with us in these climes. The status of those people is like that of irrational animals. To my mind they do not have the rank of man, but have among the beings a rank lower than the rank of man but higher than the rank of apes. For they have the external shape and lineaments of a man and a faculty of discernment that is superior to that of apes." "The Chinese are the wisest people in the world." Marco POLO (the best known of a noble family of Venetian explorers and merchants, made governor of Yang Chow for three years by Kublai Khan), 1290 "The boundless panegyrics which have been lavished upon Chinese learning, policy and the arts show with what power novelty attracts regard, and how naturally esteem swells admiration. I am far from desiring to be numbered among the exaggerators of Chinese excellence." Doctor JOHNSON, ======================================================= Thomas Jefferson Nothing is more certainly written in the book of fate than that these people [Negroes] are to be free. Nor is it less certain that the two races, equally free, cannot live in the same government. Nature, habit, opinion has drawn indelible lines of distinction between them. It is still in our power to direct the process of emancipation and deportation peaceably and in such slow degree that the evil will wear off insensibly, and their place be . . .pari passau filled up by free White laborers. If on the contrary it is left to force itself on, human Nature must shudder at the prospect held up Thomas Jefferson's Autobiography Notes on the State of Virginia, written in 1781- Thomas Jefferson. It will probably be asked, Why not retain and incorporate the blacks into the state, and thus save the expence of supplying, by importation of white settlers, the vacancies they will leave? Deep rooted prejudices entertained by the whites; ten thousand recollections, by the blacks, of the injuries they have sustained; new provocations; the real distinctions which nature has made; and many other circumstances, will divide us into parties, and produce convulsions which will probably never end but in the extermination of the one or the other race. To these objections, which are political, may be added others, which are physical and moral. The first difference which strikes us is that of colour. Whether the black of the negro resides in the reticular membrane between the skin and scarf-skin, or in the scarf-skin itself; whether it proceeds from the colour of the blood, the colour of the bile, or from that of some other secretion, the difference is fixed in nature, and is as real as if its seat and cause were better known to us. And is this difference of no importance? Is it not the foundation of a greater or less share of beauty in the two races? Are not the fine mixtures of red and white, the expressions of every passion by greater or less suffusions of colour in the one, preferable to that eternal monotony, which reigns in the countenances, that immoveable veil of black which covers all the emotions of the other race? Add to these, flowing hair, a more elegant symmetry of form, their own judgment in favour of the whites, declared by their preference of them, as uniformly as is the preference of the Oranootan for the black women over those of his own species. The circumstance of superior beauty, is thought worthy attention in the propagation of our horses, dogs, and other domestic animals; why not in that of man? Besides those of colour, figure, and hair, there are other physical distinctions proving a difference of race. They have less hair on the face and body. They secrete less by the kidnies, and more by the glands of the skin, which gives them a very strong and disagreeable odour. This greater degree of transpiration renders them more tolerant of heat, and less so of cold, than the whites. Perhaps too a difference of structure in the pulmonary apparatus, which a late ingenious experimentalist has discovered to be the principal regulator of animal heat, may have disabled them from extricating, in the act of inspiration, so much of that fluid from the outer air, or obliged them in expiration, to part with more of it. They seem to require less sleep. A black, after hard labour through the day, will be induced by the slightest amusements to sit up till midnight, or later, though knowing he must be out with the first dawn of the morning. They are at least as brave, and more adventuresome. But this may perhaps proceed from a want of forethought, which prevents their seeing a danger till it be present. When present, they do not go through it with more coolness or steadiness than the whites. They are more ardent after their female: but love seems with them to be more an eager desire, than a tender delicate mixture of sentiment and sensation. Their griefs are transient. Those numberless afflictions, which render it doubtful whether heaven has given life to us in mercy or in wrath, are less felt, and sooner forgotten with them. In general, their existence appears to participate more of sensation than reflection. To this must be ascribed their disposition to sleep when abstracted from their diversions, and unemployed in labour. An animal whose body is at rest, and who does not reflect, must be disposed to sleep of course. Comparing them by their faculties of memory, reason, and imagination, it appears to me, that in memory they are equal to the whites; in reason much inferior, as think one could scarcely be found capable of tracing and comprehending the investigations of Euclid; and that in imagination they are dull, tasteless, and anomalous. It would be unfair to follow them to Africa for this investigation. We will consider them here, on the same stage with the whites, and where the facts are not apocryphal on which a judgment is to be formed. It will be right to make great allowances for the difference of condition, of education, of conversation, of the sphere in which they move. Many millions of them have been brought to, and born in America. Most of them indeed have been confined to tillage, to their own homes, and their own society: yet many have been so situated, that they might have availed themselves of the conversation of their masters; many have been brought up to the handicraft arts, and from that circumstance have always been associated with the whites. Some have been liberally educated, and all have lived in countries where the arts and sciences are cultivated to a considerable degree, and have had before their eyes samples of the best works from abroad. The Indians, with no advantages of this kind, will often carve figures on their pipes not destitute of design and merit. They will crayon out an animal, a plant, or a country, so as to prove the existence of a germ in their minds which only wants cultivation. They astonish you with strokes of the most sublime oratory; such as prove their reason and sentiment strong, their imagination glowing and elevated. But never yet could I find that a black had uttered a thought above the level of plain narration; never see even an elementary trait, of painting or sculpture. In music they are more generally gifted than the whites with accurate ears for tune and time, and they have been found capable of imagining a small catch. Whether they will be equal to the composition of a more extensive run of melody, or of complicated harmony, is yet to be proved. Misery is often the parent of the most affecting touches in poetry. -- Among the blacks is misery enough, God knows, but no poetry. Love is the peculiar cestrum of the poet. Their love is ardent, but it kindles the senses only, not the imagination. Religion indeed has produced a Phyllis Whately; but it could not produce a poet. The compositions published under her name are below the dignity of criticism. The heroes of the Dunciad are to her, as Hercules to the author of that poem. Ignatius Sancho has approached nearer to merit in composition; yet his letters do more honour to the heart than the head. They breathe the purest effusions of friendship and general philanthropy, and shew how great a degree of the latter may be compounded with strong religious zeal. He is often happy in the turn ot his compliments, and his stile is easy and familiar, except when he affects a Shandean fabrication of words. But his imagination is wild and extravagant, escapes incessantly from every restraint of reason and taste, and, in the course of its vagaries, leaves a tract of thought as incoherent and eccentric, as is the course of a meteor through the sky. His subjects should often have led him to a process of sober reasoning: yet we find him always substituting sentiment for demonstration. Upon the whole, though we admit him to the first place among those of his own colour who have presented themselves to the public judgment, yet when we compare him with the writers of the race among whom he lived, and particularly with the epistolary class, in which he has taken his own stand, we are compelled to enroll him at the bottom of the column. This criticism supposes the letters published under his name to be genuine, and to have received amendment from no other hand; points which would not be of easy investigation. The improvement of the blacks in body and mind, in the first instance of their mixture with the whites, has been observed by every one, and proves that their inferiority is not the effect merely of their condition of life.... To justify a general conclusion, requires many observations, even where the subject may be submitted to the Anatomical knife, to Optical glasses, to analysis by fire, or by solvents. How much more then where it is a faculty, not a substance, we are examining; where it eludes the research of all the senses; where the conditions of its existence are various and variously combined; where the effects of those which are present or absent bid defiance to calculation; let me add too, as a circumstance of great tenderness, where our conclusion would degrade a whole race of men from the rank in the scale of beings which their Creator may perhaps have given them. To our reproach it must be said, that though for a century and a half we have had under our eyes the races of black and of red men, they have never yet been viewed by us as subjects of natural history. I advance it therefore as a suspicion only, that the blacks, whether originally a distinct race, or made distinct by time and circumstances, are inferior to the whites in the endowments both of body and mind. It is not against experience to suppose, that different species of the same genus, or varieties of the same species, may possess different qualifications. Will not a lover of natural history then, one who views the gradations in all the races of animals with the eye of philosophy, excuse an effort to keep those in the department of man as distinct as nature has formed them? This unfortunate difference of colour, and perhaps of faculty, is a powerful obstacle to the emancipation of these people. Many of their advocates, while they wish to vindicate the liberty of human nature, are anxious also to preserve its dignity and beauty. Some of these, embarrassed by the question 'What further is to be done with them?' join themselves in opposition with those who are actuated by sordid avarice only. Among the Romans emancipation required but one effort. The slave, when made free, might mix with, without staining the blood of his master. But with us a second is necessary, unknown to history. When freed, he is to be removed beyond the reach of mixture. (Last year, Nature magazine exposed Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826), third president of the United States, as having had an affair with his slave Sally Hemings and having fathered at least one child by her. This received a great deal of press attention. The original accusation was widely published in newspapers in 1802 (at the beginning of Jefferson's first term as president), regularly reprinted (and regularly rebutted). In Jefferson's time, guests at Monticello were fully aware that almost all the family's house servants, adult and child, were "quadroons" and"octaroons" (not "mulattos," as is commonly said). Being only one-fourth, one-eighth or, in some cases, one-sixteenth of African descent, most of them could, in the phrase of the day, "pass for white." Yet none of Jefferson's numerous and highly influential visitors ever accused him, privately or publicly, of sexual misconduct, nor was there any scandal until the fateful year of 1802, when the notorious James T. Callender came along. He was a Scot who, facing trial for sedition in London in the 1790s, fled to America. He became a writer for the Philadelphia Gazette, the house organ of the (original) Republican Party. There was, however, one piece of apparent evidence, the only grounds for suspicion which honest historians have ever entertained. This was a fact which had been noted by some of those who had visited Jefferson in Monticello: the Jefferson and the Hemings families resembled one another. So indeed they did, as would have been expected, for they were related, as Thomas Jefferson himself knew. Sally Hemings was the daughter of the Englishman John Wayles and the bright mulatto Elizabeth Hemings (herself the daughter of an English sea-captain) whom Wayles took as his permanent concubine in 1761, after the death of his first wife. This same John Wayles was Thomas Jefferson's father-in-law. Wayles, through his first wife, Martha Eppes, had a daughter, Martha, later Mrs Thomas Jefferson. She and Sally Hemings were half-sisters. In fact, all five of Sally's siblings (the Hemings family) bore the same kinship to Martha. Through his wife, Thomas Jefferson inherited the light-skinned Hemingses as slaves. That is why the Hemings children bore a resemblance to his children. He gave the Hemings family preferential treatment because they were his wife's kin, not because they were his children.) ===================================================== The French Revolution and San Domingo 1780-1804 San Domingo (Haiti) was set up as slave colony to produce sugar. The aristocratic elite ruled through the poor whites and the mixed race peoples(Mulattoes), the blacks(negro's) who did the work. The French revolution changed the whole basis of the colony and the commissioners who took charge had no love of the aristocrats and used one group against another for their own ideological end. >From French Revolution in San Domingo- Stoddard The bitter feeling between the races exposed the mulattoes to much ill treatment. For this the poor whites were mainly responsible. In the latter part of the 18th century, the authorities seem to have protected the mulattoes against the grosser forms of outrage. The persecution had serious consequences...there was added a sharp sense of personal injury, a burning thirst for revenge. On the 15th may 1790" the national assembly decrees .that the colonial assembly actually existing shall continue; but the people of color born of free father and mother shall be admitted to the future parish and colonial assemblies, if in other respects possessed of the required qualifications." On the 4th of april 1792 " the national assemblies acknowledges and declares that the people of color and free negraoe in the colonies ought to enjoy equality of political rights with whites; in consequence wherof it is decreed- The people of color and free negroes shall be admitted to vote in all primary and electoral assemblies and shall be eligible to the legislature and to all places of trust." The new laws enforcers were given the powers of dictators and the backing of the to compel the the entire obedience of the legistaures will." The whites saw the law as a veritable death sentence. " you may announce unreservedly that all is over with SanDomingo. One3 of three things will happen:the whites will exterminate ythe whole mulattoe class; the mulatoes will destroy the whites; or the negroes will profit by these dissensions to annihilate both whites and the mulattoes. But in any case, san domingo will be erased from the maps of France" In 1791 the one of commissioners of the colonial assembly wrote "I send you the decree which will give the the key to the operations by which the commissioners are to bring about the general enfranchisememnt of the negroes. Do not doubt these words, gentlemen; I know wherof I speak; and swear upon my honour that these words are true. The plan is to enfranchise all the negroes all the negroes in the French colonies; then with these freenmen, to bring about enfranchisement in all the foreign colonies; and thus to carry revolt and independence throughout the New World,- a thing which, according to its authors, will give supremecy over all the powers of europe. And this atrocius plan producing such torrents of blood will be certainly executed if you do not join haste to resolution, concord to preparation, and to you're your resistance the courage of despair"(p183/4) Sothomax wrote(he was the Jacobin put in charge of the Islands) It is hard for frenchmen to rule by terror; but one must do so to rule hear. ..I have chastised:I have struck down:all the factions fear me.And I shall continue to punish with the same severity whoever shall trouble the public peace, whosoever shall deny the national will,-especially the holy law of equality". Soyhomax spilt the whites then used the mulattoes against them and then used the negroes against the mulattoes. Dufay one of Sothomax's closest intimates said repeatedly" the white population must disappear from the colony. The day of vengance is at hand. Many of the colonists must be exterminated" The rest was so to speak history with various genocides committed against mulattoes and whites(with periods of resistance and counter terror), intersped with a couple intervals of peace when white were encouraged to come back and build the country up, before the final extermination of most of the mixed race and all of the whites. And so the history of Haiti in 1805. The extermination of the whites played a significant role in the Souths resistance in the american civil war. (Encyclopaedia Brittanica-American History) (and fear of a black war of extermination also caused the boers to give up fighting during the anglo -boer war whose centennial is now being celebrated)(The Boer war-T Pakenham) ======================================================================== Abraham Lincoln Lincoln was a follower of Jefferson when it came to race. Negro equality. Fudge! How long in the Government of a God great enough to make and maintain this Universe, shall there continue knaves to vend and fools to gulp, so low a piece of demagoguism as this? (The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, edited by Roy P. Basler, Rutgers University Press, 1953, September 1859) In an address at Springfield, Illinois, on June 26, 1857: "A separation of the races is the only perfect preventive of amalgamation, but as immediate separation is impossible the next best thing is to keep them apart where they are not already together... Such separation, if ever affected at all, must be effected by colonization.. The enterprise is a difficult one, but 'where there is a will there is a way;' and what colonization needs now is a hearty will. Will springs from the two elements of moral sense and self-interest. Let us be brought to believe it is morally right, and at the same time, favorable to, or at least not against, our interest, to transfer the African to his native clime, and we shall find a way to do it, however great the task may be." What I would most desire would be the separation of the white and black races." (Spoken at Springfield, Illinois on July 17th, 1858; from Abraham Lincoln: Complete Works, 1894, Vol. 1, page 273). "Why should the people of your race be colonized, and where? Why should they leave this country? This is, perhaps, the first question for proper consideration. You and we are different races. We have between us a broader difference than exists between almost any other two races. Whether it is right or wrong I need not discuss, but this physical difference is a great disadvantage to us both, as I think your race suffer very greatly, many of them by living among us, while ours suffer from your presence. In a word, we suffer on each side. If this be admitted, it affords a reason at least why we should be separated. It is better for both, therefore, to be separated." (Spoken at the White House to a group of black community leaders, August 14th, 1862, from Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, Vol 5, page 371). : "I am not, nor ever have been in favor of bringing about in any way the social and political equality of the white and black races. I am not nor ever have been in favor of making voters or jurors of Negroes, nor qualifying them to hold office, nor to intermarry with White people; and I will say in addition to this that there is a physical difference between the white and black races which I believe will ever forbid the two races living together on terms of social and political equality." (Fourth Debate with Stephen A. Douglas at Charleston, Illinois on September 18, 1858 (Vol. III pp. 145-461)) : Lincoln actually proposed an amendment to the constitution that would've authorized congress to recolonize all freed Blacks back to Africa. On Aug. 15, l862, Congress did appropriate over half a million dollars for that purpose. Thousands of Negroes had been shipped back when Lincoln was shot The following are President Lincoln's words at a repatriation ceremony in Washington, D.C.: "I have urged the colonization of the negroes, and I shall continue. My Emancipation Proclamation was linked with this plan There is no room for two distinct races of white men in America, much less for two distinct races of whites and blacks. I can conceive of no greater calamity than the assimilation of the negro into our social and political life as our equal. . .Within twenty years we can peacefully colonize the negro and give him our language, literature, religion, and system of government under conditions in which he can rise to the full measure of manhood. This he can never do here. We can never attain the ideal union our fathers dreamed, with millions of an alien, inferior race among us, whose assimilation is neither possible nor desirable. See our present condition -- The country engaged in war! -- our white men cutting one another's throats . . . and then consider what we know to be the truth. But for your race among us there could not be war, although many men engaged on either side do not care for you one way or the other... It is better for us both therefore to be separated. . . .You and we are different races. We have between us a broader difference than exists between almost any other two races. Whether it is right or wrong I need not discuss, but this physical difference is a great disadvantage to us both, as I think your race suffer very greatly, many of them by living among us, while ours suffer from your presence. In a word we suffer on each side. If this be admitted, it affords a reason at least why we should be separated." : In Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation of Sept. 1862 he said: "I have urged the colonization of the Negroes, (back to Africa), and I shall continue. My Emancipation Proclamation was linked with this plan (of colonization). There is no room for two distinct races of White men in America, much less for two distinct races of Whites and Blacks. . . . I can think of no greater calamity than the assimilation of the negro into our social and political life as our equal . . . Within twenty years we can peacefully colonize the Negro . . . under conditions in which he can rise to the full measure of manhood. This he can never do here. We can never attain the ideal union our fathers dreamed, with millions of an alien, inferior race among us, whose assimilation is neither possible nor desirable." President Lincoln's words at a repatriation ceremony in Washington, D.C.: "I have urged the colonization of the negroes, and I shall continue. My Emancipation Proclamation was linked with this plan There is no room for two distinct races of white men in America, much less for two distinct races of whites and blacks. I can conceive of no greater calamity than the assimilation of the negro into our social and political life as our equal. . .Within twenty years we can peacefully colonize the negro and give him our language, literature, religion, and system of government under conditions in which he can rise to the full measure of manhood. This he can never do here. We can never attain the ideal union our fathers dreamed, with millions of an alien, inferior race among us, whose assimilation is neither possible nor desirable. See our present condition -- The country engaged in war! -- our white men cutting one another's throats . . . and then consider what we know to be the truth. But for your race among us there could not be war, although many men engaged on either side do not care for you one way or the other... It is better for us both therefore to be separated. . . .You and we are different races. We have between us a broader difference than exists between almost any other two races. Whether it is right or wrong I need not discuss, but this physical difference is a great disadvantage to us both, as I think your race suffer very greatly, many of them by living among us, while ours suffer from your presence. In a word we suffer on each side. If this be admitted, it affords a reason at least why we should be separated." To Lincoln the only workable long-term solution to the race problem in America was repatriation He shared this opinion with the company of many other politicians, among them Thomas Jefferson, James Monroe, James Madison, Andrew Jackson, Daniel Webster Henry Clay, and even the writer of our national anthem, Francis Scott Key. All were active members of the American Colonization Society, founded in 1817 in Washington, D.C. Even though some Americans will have a hard time believing it, African colonization by freed slaves had actually begun before Lincoln's assassination The African nation of Liberia was formed, its name taken from the Latin word meaning freedom ========================================================== The Radical Abolitionists James Russel Lowell a prominent abolitionist advocated miscegenation as the offspring would be more submissive (Christian). "We have never had any doubt that the African race was intended to introduce a new element of civilisation and that the Caucasian would be benefited by an infusion of its gentler and less selfish qualities. The Caucasian mind, which always seeks to govern, at whatever cost, can never come to so beautiful or Christian a height of civilisation, as with a mixture of those seemingly humble, but truly noble qualities which teach it to obey" Another prominent figure in Radical Abolitionism was Victoria Woodhull, who was also a feminist, an occultist, and a Communist. (memoir of Henry B. Stanton): Victoria Woodhull organized an International American section of the International Workingmen's Association [the First Communist structure]. In this endeavor her chief ally was William West Their section of the International advocated woman's suffrage and sexual freedom as well as Stephen Pearl Andrews' pet theories of universal language and "patarchical" order." These views were an embarrassment even to the Marxists. In the interests of party orthodoxy, Victoria Woodhull's section was expelled from the party when Marx relocated the center of World Communism from London to New York City in 1872. Abolitionist Henry C. Wright stated in 1857 what would become the actual agenda of the Reconstruction period: A baptism of blood awaits the slave holder and his abettors. So be it. The retribution is just. Must the slave holders become the slaves of those whom they have enslaved? History answers "Yes." If slavery goes down in blood, the conquered will be the bondsmen and bonds women of the conquerors; for the practical teaching of Church and State is, that might makes the right to enslave. Bid American slave holders beware! Their turn may come, will come, must come, to be bought and sold as brutes, and to have their wives and daughters consigned to the Negro's harem, unless they willingly and penitently let their slaves go free. A perfectionist(a grouping preaching free sex mixed in with the churchianity) was John Humphrey Noyes. Noyes had been brought up as an orthodox New Englander and educated in the 'New Divinity' at Yale." After a meeting with abolitionist leader William Lloyd Garrison, Noyes announced that he had retracted his allegiance to the United States government and now championed the claim of Jesus Christ to the throne of the world. He depicted the government as a fat libertine flogging Negroes and torturing Indians. "My hope of the millennium," he wrote, "begins where Dr. Beecher's expires --viz, at the overthrow of this nation." =============================================================== Conservatives of the Time And when a superior race, with a superior idea to Work and Order advances . . . we shall perhaps follow the example of the desolate countries. All is race; there is no other truth. --Benjamin Disraeli, former British Prime Minister, from Tancred, (2 vols.;Leipzig, 1847), I, 169, [If ever the founders of the] great Anglo-Saxon republic [in North America] secede from their sound principles of reserve and mingle with their negro and coloured populations . . . , they would become so deteriorated that their states would probably be reconquered and regained by the aborigines, whom they expelled. --Benjamin Disraeli, Lord George Bentinck: A Political Biography (4th ed.; London, 1852 No man will treat with indifference the principle of race. It is the key of history, and why history is so often confused is that it has been written by men who are ignorant of this principle and the knowledge it involves. --Benjamin Disraeli (1880) in Endymion, reprinted in Toward a New Science of Man compiled by Robert Lenski, (Washington D.C.: Pimmit Press) 1981. p. 154. The difference of race is one of the reasons why I fear war may always exist; because race implies difference, difference implies superiority, and superiority leads to predominance. --Benjamin Disraeli, reprinted in The Laurel Instant Quotation Dictionary, ed. Donald O. Bolander et al (New York: Laurel) 1969, p. 249. ============================================================== The Communists- 1800-1922 Ironically the most racist of people were the early Marxists and Fabians. Hence:- "Without slavery America, the most progressive of countries, would be transformed into a patriarchial country. Wipe America from the map and you will have anarchy-the complete decay of moddern commerce and civilisation. Abolish slavery and you will have wiped America off the map of Nations" Quoted in Karl Marx-Nathaniel Weyl Marx along with other early Marxists, were however men without restraint or civility or humility. He did not wish well on the peoples of this earth. His answer to many problems of different peoples are...well let them speak for himself. "The next world war will make whole reactionary peoples disapear from the face of the earth. This too is progress." Karl Marx F Engels -Werke (Berlin;Dietez Verlag, 1974) Engels VI p 176 Slavic people are referred to as "Ethnic Trash" taken from The Russian menace to Europe-free press 1852 p63 Also, He also referring to Russians, Czechs and Croats as "retrograde" races that had nothing left for them except "the immediate task of perishing in the revolutionary world storm" Marxism -Wolfe Marks letter to Engels in 1887 three years before his death he writes about Lafargue "in his quality as a nigger" he was " a degree nearer the animal kingdom than the rest of us" (although there was a non emotive term in german for blacks Marx often used the offensive english word "nigger" in his letters). Marx in an article in Die presse 7,7 1862 stated that he believed that the Oriental empires (eg Indians) were incapable of autonomous change. Bad Marx (Independent on Sunday 10 x '99) Another reminder of Karl Marx's cheerful 'racism' has surfaced (via Francis Wheen's new biography of the man whose picture always looks like an explosion in a mattress factory --): Marx was pretty swarthy himself, but he would freely refer to his main intellectual rival, the social democrat Ferdinand Lassalle (1825-1864), as "the Jewish nigger." Fortunately for him, Marx had an airy way with contradictions in his own system. When a dinner guest at Dean Street asked who would clean people's shoes after the Revolution, Marx just replied "You!"; and when asked how he himself would fare in a world of perfect equality, he just said that people like him would have to be eliminated -- a prescient remark in view of the final death toll of 62 million in the seventy-two years of Russian Communism.* Nevertheless, the end of the Cold War is a time for sympathy; and for recalling the triumph of the human spirit that was involved as the near-friendless Marx coped not only with the monstrous boils on his bottom (which required him to write most of Das Kapital standing up) but also with liver trouble, rheumatism, shingles, ulcers, insomnia, bronchitis, laryngitis and pleurisy. With so many ailments, it is surprising Marx had the energy for his daughters' favourite game of daddy pretending to be a horse and giving them rides around the kitchen parlour. -- Sadly, two of the girls committed suicide before Marx himself died. * The latest estimate is provided in Jonathan GLOVER, 1999, Humanity: A History of the Twentieth Century, Cape, £UK19. The next world war will cause not only reactionary classes and dynasties but also entire reactionary peoples to disappear from the earth. And that too would be progress. Among all the nations and petty ethnic groups of Austria there are only three which have been the carriers of progress, which have played an active role in history and which still retain their vitality--the Germans, the Poles, and the Magyars. For this reason they are now revolutionary. The chief mission of all other races and peoples--large and small--is to perish in the revolutionary holocaust. --Friedrich Engels, "Der Magyarische Kampf," reprinted in "Marxist Views of Race and Culture," Diane Paul, _Race, Class and Gender in Nineteenth-Century Culture_, ed. Maryanne Cline Horowitz (U of Rochester P) 1991, p. 139. As an aside Lenin wrote an order august 1918 to apply mass terror immediately, to execute and exterminate hundreds of prostitutes, drunken soldiers, former officers" Marx also offered to dedicate his book Das Kapital some years later to Charles Darwin, whose evolutionary theory explained in The Origin of the Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (1859) Darwin The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex (1871), states: "At some future period, not very distant as measured by centuries, the civilized races of man will almost certainly exterminate, and replace, the savage races throughout the world. . . . The break between man and his nearest allies will then be wider, for it will intervene between man in a more civilized state, as we may hope, even than the Caucasian, and some ape as low as a baboon, instead of as now between the Negro or Australian and the gorilla. " This was carried into many socialist attitudes. For instance The social democratic herald (14 Sep 1901) characterised Negroes as inferior, depraved elements who went around "raping women and children" In the same issue VL Berger , one of the leaders in the socialist party wrote "there can be no doubt that the Negroes and mulattoes constitute a lower race" The general attitude as stated by Kipnis-The American socialist movement 1897-1912 was "Socialism would solve the race question in the only possible manner- complete segregation" Motto of the 1922 mine revolt " Workers of the world unite for a white South Africa". After the failure of the revolt, the communist party changed tactics, realising and started accentuating black grievances. This also fit in with the changing political line that was developing in the west. Since the attitude of the communists were about to change to race at the same time they went onto to murder up to 60 million people( Jonathan GLOVER, 1999, Humanity: A History of the Twentieth) alone in the USSR, I doubt if the change was due to reverence for human life(The Black book of communism produced by French intellectuals put the soviet figure at 20m) =============================================================== ===================================================== The Fabians 1850-1928 Jack London author of the call of the wild argued- "Socialism is not for the happiness of all men, but for the happiness of certain kindred races...so that they may survive and inherit the earth to the extinction of the lesser weaker races. Will the Indian, the Negro, or the Mongol ever conquer the Teuton? Surely not! All that the other races have not, the Teutonic has." (Quoted in The end of Racism- Dinesh D Sousa) H.G. Wells was a famous fiction writer who was born in 1866, but he also wrote non-fiction works. He was massively influential both in his native Britain as well as in Canada and the USA, and who was a dominant social activist for half a century. He was the novelist H.G. Wells. The author of The Time Machine, The Invisible Man and The War of the Worlds also wrote extensively of the need for widespread and often forced abortion, birth control, euthanasia and sterilization. [his friend Margaret Sanger also advocated forced sterilization] He advocated murder of those "who did not fit in." In 1904 his Anticipations was published wherein he made some predictions of future social and technological trends. "At the Cape of Good Hope, under British rule, Kaffirs are being settled upon little inalienable holdings that must inevitably develop in the same direction, and over the Southern States the nigger squats and multiplies." (Anticipations, p. 83) "There is a disposition in the world, which the French share, to undervalue grossly the prospects of all things French, derived, so far as I can gather, from the facts that the French were beaten by the Germans in 1870, and that they do not breed with the abandon of rabbits or negroes." (p. 205) "They will rout out and illuminate urban rookeries and all places where the base can drift to multiply; they will contrive a land legislation that will keep the black or yellow or mean-white squatter on the move;" (p. 263) But what does Wells recommend for "undesirables"? "And for the rest--those swarms of black and brown and yellow people who do not come into the new needs of efficiency? Well, the world is a world, not a charitable institution, and I take it they will have to go. The whole tenor and meaning of the world, as I see it, is that they have to go. So far as they fail to develop sane, vigorous, and distinctive personalities for the great world of the future, it is their portion to die out and disappear." (p. 274) Wells wrote in this volume the mentally and physically handicapped should not be allowed to be born, but that if they did manage to come into the world they should be "removed." There was more. "And how will the New Republic treat the inferior races? How will it deal with the black? how will it deal with the yellow man? how will it tackle the alleged termite in the civilized world, the Jew?" He replied to his rhetorical question that these people would be discouraged, by any means necessary, from procreation. He went on to say that "the ethical system that will dominate the world-state will be shaped primarily to favor the procreation of what is fine and efficient and beautiful in humanity -- beautiful and strong bodies, clear and powerful minds -- and to check the procreation of base and servile type." For these poor souls "the men of the New Republic will have little pity and less benevolence." Then there was euthanasia. The new order would "naturally regard the modest suicide of incurably melancholy or diseased or helpless persons as a high and courageous act of duty rather than a crime." This book, and other like it, received mostly glowing reviews. The socialist writer Arnold Bennett claimed he was "absolutely overwhelmed by the sheer intellectual vigor" and Beatrice Webb, one of the founders of Britain's Labour party, said Anticipations was "the most remarkable book of the year; a powerful imagination furnished with the data and methods of physical science working on social problems." Indeed Wells' views were so popular amongst the socialists of the Edwardian age that one prominent thinker proposed him to become a member of the esteemed Fabian Society, an intellectual think-tank that shaped much of European and North American socialism. This man said everything Wells had written was eminently correct and it was true the new world order would demand extensive social engineering. His name was George Bernard Shaw:-. "George Bernard Shaw, the pacifist, socialist, vegetarian playwright, wrote plentifully and quirkily in favor of eugenics, and was a subscriber to [socialist] Pearson's eugenics magazine, Biometrika. H. G. Wells, also a socialist, was a strong advocate of sterilization of the feeble-minded. Havelock Ellis, the pathbreaking student of human sexuality, and essayist, was the author of the eugenicist The Problem of Race Regeneration (1911). Other prominent supporters included Beatrice and Sidney Webb, founders of Fabian socialism and later enthusiasts for Soviet Russia, as well as the Anglo-Jewish radical, Harold Laski, later to head the British Labor Party...." Peter CRITTENDON, 1997, 'Ending a historical taboo.' American Renaissance 8, ii. "Early in this century, socialists were proud of their genocidal and eugenic theories -- notably H.G.Wells (in Anticipation, 1902) and George Bernard Shaw -- and they boasted about them publicly. They were proud, above all, of having outlived the notion that human life is sacred, and they could see that the ideal of equality naturally meant mass killing, since the inferior and the unfit must go. Shaw's preface to On the Rocks (1933) is headed "EXTERMINATION", which, he says, must be "put on a scientific basis". "If we desire a certain type of civilisation and culture, we must exterminate the sort of people who do not fit into it" -- and he calls on scientists to devise efficient exterminatory techniques. Which after 1933 they did." George WATSON, 1990, Encounter 74, v. In his book The Outline of History (1920) H. G. Wells stated: "The Jews looked for a special saviour, a messiah, who was to redeem mankind by the agreeable process of restoring the fabulous glories of David and Solomon, and bringing the whole world at last under the benevolent but firm Jewish heel." By the mid 1920 the various attitudes had began to change as we shall see In Is Race Conflict Unavoidable? (1924) he wrote: Öther natural thought forms, and dispositions and instinctive reactions of Northern Europeans and Jews, Negroes and Whites, Indians and Chinese, vary subtly and profoundly, you can no more ignore differences of race than differences of sex. They are things greatly intensified and supplemented by differences of tradition, training and conditions, but when all such modifications are eliminated, essential differences remain. However by 1928, the attitude had changed completely around . This is recorded in the book "The Open Conspiracy" HG Wells "To exaggerate the dangers and evils of miscegenation is a weakness of our time. Man interbreeds with all his varieties and yet deludes himself that there are races of outstanding purity, the "Nordic," the "Semitic," and so forth. These are phantoms of the imagination. The reality is more intricate, less dramatic, and grips less easily upon the mind; the phantoms grip only too well and incite to terrible suppressions. Changes in the number of half-breeds and in the proportion of white and coloured are changes of a temporary nature that may become controllable and rectifiable in a few generations. But until this level of civilization is reached, until the colour of a man's skin or the kinks in a woman's hair cease to have the value of shibboleths that involve educational, professional, and social extinction or survival, a black and white community is bound to be continually preoccupied by a standing feud too intimate and persuasive to permit of any long views of the world's destiny. The book the open conspiracy is an interesting read as it advocate the use of mans religious impulse to propagate socialism . Today anyone who opposes PC equality is easily defined as "evil" and "racist"(the ultimate evil. Such attitudes spring from not from science but from this creation of a socialism as religion. On 4th December 1933 President Roosevelt wrote to HG Wells" I have read with pleasure and profit, almost everything you have written. " By the time of his autobiography, his previous attitudes had been expunged entirely. ================================================= Other Prominent Fabians ``[T]he white population of the world will soon cease to increase. The Asiatic races will be longer, and the Negroes still longer, before their birth rate falls sufficiently to make their numbers stable without help of war and pestilence.... Until that happens, the benefits aimed at by socialism can only be partially realized, and the less prolific races will have to defend themselves against the more prolific by methods which are disgusting even if they are necessary.'' --Prospects of Industrial Civilization, 1923 ``[U]nless the increase of population can be diminished.... War ... has hitherto been disappointing in this respect ... but perhaps bacteriological war may prove more effective. If a Black Death could spread throughout the world once in every generation, survivors could procreate freely without making the world too full.... The state of affairs might be somewhat unpleasant, but what of it? Really high-minded people are indifferent to happiness, especially other peoples'....'' --Impact of Science Upon Society, 1951 I propose that 100 000 morally degenerate Britons should be forcibly sterilised and others put in in the labour camps to halt the decline in the British race. Churchill (74-65) as home secretary to the Liberal Government in a 1910 departmental. paper President Wilson of the USA was also a "Jeffersonian" when it came to racial issues. The Financial Post (Canada) author and broadcaster Michael Coren wrote "It was revealed recently that in the 1920s the Swedish government forcibly sterilized 60,000 people who were thought to be 'genetically inferior'." ...eugenics was practiced in 28countries --in only 1 did it become did it acquire its reputation "No rational man, cognizant of the facts, believes that the average Negro is the equal, still less the superior of the average white man." Thomas H. HUXLEY (1901). Science and Education "[Africans] have neither the intellectual, mental or emotional abilities to equate or to share equally with white men in any of the functions of our civilization." Albert SCHWEITZER Margaret Sanger Was a well known feminist, socialist and advocate of eugenics. One of the first books on Sex in the western world was written by her and caused terrific consternation the 1920's when published---- One of the most respected social organizations of this century, Planned Parenthood (PP), was founded as a Eugenics organization. Planned Parenthood's newsletter, The Birth Control Review, now called the Planned Parenthood Review, regularly published articles by Malthusian Eugenicists. Margaret Sanger, PP's founder, even wrote her own Eugenics manifesto, "The Pivot of Civilization," which called for the elimination of "human weeds," the end of charity and the sterilization of "genetically inferior races." Her goal was "to create a race of thoroughbreds" by encouraging "more children from the fit, less from the unfit" and by stemming proliferation of the "choking human undergrowth." Planned Parenthood put Margaret's ideas into action. Its first birth control clinic opened in 1916 in the poor and crowded Brownsville section of Brooklyn, close to the clientele it was anxious to serve: "immigrant Southern Europeans, Slavs, Latins, and Jews." As the organization grew, its clinics set up shop in other communities -- including those of blacks, Hispanics and Catholics -- and its mission expanded. Margaret wanted a clinic wherever "feeble-minded, syphilitic, irresponsible, and defective" people "bred unhindered." In 1939, she launched her most ambitious plan yet: the "Negro Project." She wrote, "The mass of Negroes, particularly in the South, still breed carelessly and disastrously, with the result that the increase among Negroes, even more than among Whites, is from that portion of the population least intelligent and fit." In order to remedy this "dysgenic horror story," "Colored Ministers, preferably with engaging personalities" would travel the South extolling the joys of birth control. As Margaret explained, "The most successful educational approach to the Negro is through religious appeal. We do not want word to go out that we want to exterminate the Negro population, and the minister is the man who can straighten out that idea if it occurs to more rebellious members." ================================================= The Birth of Multiculturalism and reversal of attitudes. Mr I Zangwill (essentially from Culture of Critique- Prof K Macdonald) In 1908 Zionist Israel Zangwill wrote the play the melting pot. The play tried to move the view of America from moving away from a bringing together America to Wasp ideal, to America more as a crucible containing many separate groups. Although blacks were included in the crucible in the play, Zangwill (1914) seems to have had ambiguous attitudes toward black-white intermarriage. In an afterword he wrote that blacks on average had lower intellect and ethics but he also looked forward to the time when superior blacks would marry whites. Zangwill's views were well known to restrictionists in the debates over the 1924 immigration law (see below). In an address reprinted in The American Hebrew (Oct. 19, 1923, 582), Zangwill noted, "There is only one way to World Peace, and that is the absolute abolition of passports, visas, frontiers, custom houses, and all other devices that make of the population of our planet not a co-operating civilization but a mutual irritation society." His famous play, The Melting Pot (1908), was dedicated to Theodore Roosevelt and depicts Jewish immigrants as eager to assimilate and intermarry. The lead character describes the United States as a crucible in which all the races, including the "black and yellow" races, are being melted together. Zangwill was an ardent Zionist and an admirer of his father's religious orthodoxy as a model for the preservation of Judaism. He believed Jews were a morally superior race whose moral vision had shaped Christian and Muslim societies and would eventually shape the world, although Christianity remained morally inferior to Judaism (see Leftwich 1957, 162ff). Jews would retain their racial purity if they continued to practice their religion: "So long as Judaism flourishes among Jews there is no need to talk of safeguarding race or nationality; both are automatically preserved by the religion" (in Leftwich 1957, 161). "Writing in 1914, the sociologist Edward A. Ross believed that liberal immigration policy was exclusively a Jewish issue. Ross quotes the prominent author and Zionist pioneer Israel Zangwill who articulated the idea that the United States is an ideal place to achieve Jewish interests. America has ample room for all the six millions of the Pale [i.e., the Pale of Settlement, home to most of Russia's Jews]; any one of her fifty states could absorb them. And next to being in a country of their own, there could be no better fate for them than to be together in a land of civil and religious liberty, of whose Constitution Christianity forms no part and where their collective votes would practically guarantee them against future persecution. (Israel Zangwill, in Ross 1914, 144)" Jewish Tribune (New York) February 8, 1924, of a farewell dinner to Mr. Israel Zangwill: Mr. Zangwill spoke chiefly on the immigration question, declaring that if Jews persisted in a strenuous opposition to the restricted immigration there would be no restriction. "If you create enough fuss against this Nordic nonsense," he said, "you will defeat this legislation. You must make a fight against this bill; tell them they are destroying American ideals. Most fortifications are of cardboard, and if you press against them, they give way." Mr Kallen The birth of the concept of multiculturalism can be traced back to the writings of Horace Kallen, who advocated a policy of cultural pluralism. Mr Kallen, a Jewish America, first published his ideas in 1915. He attacked assimilation and the melting pot theory and instead proposed that America should become a "commonwealth of nationalities". In "The Disuniting of America" Arther Schlesinger relates how the cult of cultural pluralism was at first largely confined to academics, intellectuals and artists, but after the second world war the civil rights revolution provoked new expressions of ethnic identity, coming not however from the masses, but from self appointed spokesmen" In his review of Kallen's (1956) Cultural Pluralism and the American Idea appearing in Congress Weekly (published by the AJCongress), Joseph L. Blau (1958, p. 15) noted that "Kallen's view is needed to serve the cause of minority groups and minority cultures in this nation without a permanent majority"- the implication being that Kallen's ideology of multi-culturalism opposes the interests of any ethnic group in dominating America. The well-known author and prominent Zionist Maurice Samuel (1924, p. 215) writing partly as a negative reaction to the immigration law of 1924, wrote that "If, then, the struggle between us [i.e., Jews and gentiles] is ever to be lifted beyond the physical, your democracies will have to alter their demands for racial, spiritual and cultural homogeneity with the State. But it would be foolish to regard this as a possibility, for the tendency of this civilization is in the opposite direction. There is a steady approach toward the identification of government with race, instead of with the political State." This influence was apparent as early as 1915 among American Zionists, such as Louis D. Brandeis. Brandeis viewed America as composed of different nationalities whose free development would "spiritually enrich the United States and would make it a democracy par excellence" (Gal 1989, p. 70). These views became "a hallmark of mainstream American Zionism, secular and religious alike" (Gal 1989, p. 70). But Kallen's influence extended really to all educated Jews: Jewish intellectuals were prominently involved in the movement to eradicate the racialist ideas of Grant and others (Degler 1991, p. 200). =============================================================== The Capitalists In 1902 the Rockefeller General education Board was founded. The overt stated objective: "The promotion of education in the United states without distinctions of sex, race or creed" Incorporators include Frederick T Gates (Rockefeller right hand man), Daniel Coit Gilman (Vice President Peabody fund and Slater fund, president of the university of California,(1872) and John Hopkins(1875), incoporator of Russell Sage foundation. Gilman helped set up the Yale Trust in 1856 to finance the Skull and Bones Organisation.(An elite Yale university fraternity to which ex President Bush and Mr Stimson in the Roosevelt administration belonged). Other original directors of the GEB included Morris K Jessup, treasurer of the Peabody and Slater funds, and George Peabody, who was later appointed the first director of the Federal reserve Bank of New York(1914-21) , director of FDR's warm springs foundation and treasurer of the democratic party, and a Fabian socialist. The general education board was pushed through congress by Senator Nelson Aldrich The effect (and probable intention?) of promotion has been racial amalgamation and the abolition of difference between the sexes Rockefellers attitude to the common man can possibly be seen from the founding notes of the GEB- First publication of the general education board-Occasional Paper No1 in 1904 (Gates to Rockerfeller) In our dreams we have limitless resources and the people yield themselves with perfect docility to our molding hands. The present educational conventions fade from our minds and, unhampered by tradition, we work our good will upon a grateful and responsive rural folk. We shall not try to make these people into philosophers or men of learning, or of science. We have not to raise up from among them authors, editors, poets or men of letters. We shall not search for embryo great artists, painters, musicians, nor lawyers, doctors , preachers, politicians, statesman, of which we have ample supply. The task we set before ourselves is very simple as well as very beautiful one, to train these people as we find them to a perfectly ideal life just where they are. So we will organise our children into a community and teach them to do in a perfect way the things their fathers and mothers are doing in an imperfect way, in the homes, in the shop, and on the farm It is from the associated Carnegie foundation, that Outcomes based education has been created and propagated. The Spellman Rockerfeller memorial announced it would champion the cause of the Negro's and from the period of the 1920's started to give substantial sums for such purposes (Rockefeller Internationalist-Josephson) The Rockefeller foundations were active in supporting the London School of economics, the Fabian based university set up for educating the bureaucrats for the "new Republic". One of the best known graduates is J F Kennedy, who pushed through the civil rights legislation in the 1960's.(Fabian Freeway) The other large scale foundations such as the Carnegie and Ford Foundations, with their interlinked directorships also became involved:- The Carnegie foundation gave the money for Gunar Myrdal a student of Boas. Other private sources also finance the civil rights industry Philanthropic foundations such as Ford and Rockefeller invest tens of millions of dollars in the civil rights establishment each year. The 1993 annual report of the ford foundation listed the following grants $595,000 to the Puerto Rican legal defense and education fund, $675,000 to the NAACP....These sort of grants are responsible for sustaining activist organisations like the Mexican American legal defense fund. Although it claims to represent the interests of Hispanics as a group, MALDEF 1994's annual report shows that nearly 70% of annual budget came from corporate and foundation grants. The End of Racism p 238 D D'sousa ======================================================================== A conspiracy? We must realize that our Party's most powerful weapon is racial tension. By propounding into the consciousness of the dark races that for centuries they have been oppressed by whites, we can mould them to the program of the Communist Party. In America, we will aim for subtle victory. While inflaming the Negro minority against the whites, we will instill in the Whites a guilt complex for their exploitation of the Negroes. We will aid the Negroes to rise to prominence in every walk of life, in the professions and in the world of sports and entertainment. With this prestige the Negro will be able to intermarry with the Whites and begin a process which will deliver America to our Cause .Israel Cohen, A Racial Program for the 20th Century, 1913, reprinted in the Congressional Record, June 7, 1957. By Mr Abernethy (Congressman for Mississippi) The document was not entered in the British library. And Mr Cohen does not appear in the British Who's who. However he was the General secetary of the Zionist organisation (His address 1920's was 29 Pattison Rd, ChildHill NW2T ,Hampstead) and wrote various Books and general articles in the general press on Zionist matters. His books include- Zionist work in Palestine 1911 The Ruleben Prison Camp 1917 A Ghetto Gallery 1931 Myron Fagan- a well known playwright of the day knew of Mr Cohen and Mr. George Bernard Shaw (well known playwright and Fabian) were close friends and had commented to Mr Fagan that he was writing a book on the Racial question. The Fabian's proposed symbol was a wolf in sheep's clothing but decided in the Turtle. Although Mr Shaw became a family friend of Karl Marx's daughters and is highly probable that he knew Marx personnaly..(Fabian Freeway) It is of interest that in the period 1900-1923 there was a definite rethink in the left wing circles about the role of race. In 1909 the NAACP was set up and placed under communist influence (e g such luminaries as Du Bois) These appear to be aimed, not primarily at helping the people for whom they were apparently set up but at creating ethnic rivalry and Anglo Guilt.(ie Booker T Washington vs Du Bois- Mr. Washington was far more interested in helping the condition of his people, Du Bois after political machinations for power) . It appears that in the bowels of the communist party another ideas were germinating. The atomisation and guilt manipulation of people to further the aims of communism ? or maybe not? ================================================= The Radical Socialists . >From "Whatever Happened to eugenics"- Glayde Whitney The arch villain on the academic front, instrumental in supplanting and then demonizing eugenics was Franz Boas, aided by a large entourage of students and fellow-travelers. One of the main take-home messages is that honest empirical science does not fare well, at least in the short run, when up against ideologically inspired polemics in which almost anything goes in the service of a greater good [the end justifies the means]. In Chapter V (Radical Egalitarianism Penetrates Academe), and the following few chapters, Roger Pearson exposes the players and the agenda promoting the egalitarian fallacy. It is a fascinating expose of names, dates, and events, too rich to be dealt with adequately in even a lengthy review. The reader is reminded of the Verona files, recently released documentation of the extensive infiltration of American government and society by communist agents. In very important respects Joe McCarthy was neither paranoid nor mistaken. Roger Pearson here makes clear that the academic and anthropological/ psychobiological scientific fronts were not immune from the same intellectual infestations. Born of a pair of politically radical socialists who were active in the 1870-71 wave of revolutionary movements across Europe, Franz Boas emigrated to the United States in 1886. In coming to America he was following Abraham Jacobi, an uncle by marriage, who came after being released from prison for armed violence in the Cologne revolution of 1848. Jacobi was active in the revolutionary socialist movement in the United States, and was in a good position to provide influential contacts for his kinsman. Boas "became the head of a department of anthropology established at Columbia University, where he trained and awarded doctoral degrees to numerous selected students. Equipped with the earliest American doctorates specifically designated as being in the field of anthropology, his students by default became the leaders and prime builders of academic anthropology in the United States, rapidly establishing themselves as the arbiters of anthropological research, publishing and teaching in American universities. Interestingly, as late as 1911, in his book The Mind of Primitive Man, Boas had admitted that: "[d]ifferences of structure must be accompanied by differences of function, physiological as well as psychological; and, as we found clear evidence of differences of structure between races, so we must anticipate that differences in mental characteristics will be found." However, Boas was shortly to reverse this position when he realized that the recognition of genetic forces conflicted with the goals of his egalitarian and internationalist ideology, which sought to demolish the unity and coherence of national units. Instead he began a massive campaign to undermine national and ethnic consciousness and `combat racism' in whatever form it might find expression. In particular, his [books] were devoted to downplaying the concept of heredity and undermining the eugenic ideal. .... The spread of Boasian doctrines was further facilitated by the position of world dominance then enjoyed by the Western nations. Spurred by an ethical desire to shoulder `the white man's burden' in a shrinking world, many academics came to believe that Mankind should now abandon the Darwinian struggle and treat the diverse subspecies of mankind as members of a single, international gene pool. This .... was an ethical concept not shared by the non-Western nations, who adhered to more functional, self-promoting, competitive patterns of behavior. .... the desire that biological egalitarianism should be true gained strength as human altruism was redirected away from the immediate group ..[to].. an ideology which favored overall sapiens homogenization. The new radicals in U.S. social science found it convenient to downplay heritability; and Boas's earlier acknowledgment of human biological disparities was edited out of his 1938 edition .... . Those to whom Boas awarded doctoral degrees in anthropology generally shared his ideologies and became prime disciples of egalitarian universalism" (pp. 57 - 59). Among his many students were Margaret Mead, the "mother of American anthropology", eventually exposed as a hoaxster and communist propagandist, and Israel Ehrenburg (A.K.A. Ashley Montagu) whose "entire career was built around a bitter crusade against the work of respected scholars such as Carleton Coon, who recognized race as a vital product of human evolution" (p. 62). Others too numerous to even list are exposed in their infamy. ========================================================================== The Transformation of the West? A collection of essays entitled "The New World Order" was published by Oxford University Press in 1932. In the essay entitled Race Problems in Industry and Culture, FS Martin states "Until South Africa can not contemplate , but insist on having a Bantu as one of its delegation to Geneva, it has not recognised the principle... But there does exist a teeming population in Japan, pressing for outlets and hundreds of millions of Chinese...India, too, constantly increases her needy but industrious and naturally skillful peasantry. Meanwhile the white man in Australia, South Africa, and on the pacific coast (of USA) is maintaining in his supposed interest the strictest exclusion that he can arrange against the settlement of these people in lands which he controls, and they could profitably inhabit. It is a policy untenable in the long run, condemmned by the considerations of industry, biology and humanity. FS Marvin was a professor of history and member of the Royal Historical society * On October 28th, 1996, Graeme Campbell the Federal Member for Kalgoorlie, and leader of the Australia First movement, spoke at length in the House of Representatives to table a research paper by leading anti-immigration campaigner Denis McCormack. Mr. McCormack traces this cynical betrayal back to 1949, when members of the Labor government held secret meetings with Asian diplomats to discuss relaxing Australia's immigration policy, even as their party fought a general election on the pledge to uphold the 'White Australia' policy. In June 1949 the Royal Commission on Population, set up five years earlier by Winston Churchill's wartime coalition government, presented its report. It was concerned mainly with Britain's declining birth rate, which the commission identified as a problem for several reasons:- "The question it should be observed is not merely one of military strength and security; that question becomes merged in more fundamental issues of the maintenance and extension of Western values, ideas and culture." These fundamental issues clearly influenced the Commission's firm opposition to using immigration to supplement the decline in white population growth: - "Immigration on a large scale into a fully established society like ours could only be welcomed without reserve if the immigrants were of good human stock and were not prevented by their religion or race from intermarrying with the local population and becoming merged with it." A slightly earlier study by PEP, a think tank close to the Labour government of the day, had emphasized very similar concerns: - "The absorption of large numbers of non-white immigrants would be extremely difficult, though the comparatively small group of people of Indo-British origin in India and Pakistan, some of whom may prefer to come to Britain, would present no major problem....Careful selection of immigrants can eliminate mental defectives, people with mental disorders or inheritable defects, and social misfits....In selecting, from the diverse sources reviewed above, immigrants whose stay is likely to be permanent, the British authorities should apply high standards, particularly with regard to intelligence, health and wartime record..." However These voice were overruled by the pre-eminant Fabians of the day, who had grown up with the boasian view of race It is clear that the expert consensus in the immediate postwar years took a view that would today be considered 'racist' and possibly illegal. In other words, educated opinion valued white civilization and opposed mongrelisation. The most ironic and prophetic contribution to this expert consensus was a report published by the Fabian Society in October 1945, entitled Population and the People -- A National Policy. The head of the Fabian committee which produced this report was Dr W.A. Robson, a renowned London School of Economics scholar who founded the magazine Political Quarterly and was close to the Labour Party leadership. His report concluded:- "Men and women of European stock, between the ages of 20 and 30, are the immigrants best suited to assist population policy... The utmost care should, of course, be taken to admit only those physically and mentally sound, and free from criminal records, who will introduce a sound stock into the country. The eugenics of immigration cannot be overstressed." In 1945, George Orwell, wrote in Notes on Nationalism that:- Among the intelligentsia, colour feeling only occurs in the transposed form, that is, as a belief in the innate superiority of the coloured races. This is now increasingly common among English intellectuals, probably resulting more often from masochism and sexual frustration than from contact with the Oriental and Negro nationalist movements. Even among those who do not feel strongly on the colour question, snobbery and imitation have a powerful influence. Almost any English intellectual would be scandalized by the claim that the white races were superior to the coloured, whereas the opposite claim would seem to him unexceptionable even if he disagreed with it. Nationalistic attachment to the coloured races is usually mixed up with the belief that their sex lives are superior, and there is a large underground mythology about the sexual prowess of Negroes." "At last there is a real understanding of race, and the ancient and disreputable idea that the peoples of the world are divided into biologically distinct units has gone for ever." Steve JONES, 1993, The Language of the Genes. London : HarperCollins An interview with Greer published in the Washington Post (May 1, 1984, pp. El, E4): "Once women have lost the ethos of childbearing, the excitement and physical satisfaction of it, once they're afraid of it and it's presented to them as a huge disruption of the consumer- based life style, they'll quickly quit doing it. What will happen is, we'll just die out. It doesn't bother me. The Caucasians were 4 percent of the world's population 20 years ago, now they're 2.* Soon they'll be none. That's the name of the game. And the world will probably be happier for it..." (p. E4). *Apparently Greer here means the North European population and not the "Caucasians" as a whole. Such an interpretation is consistent with most of the references in as well as with the general tenor of Sex and Destiny itself. Or, as Russell Means put it in a single, ringing slogan: "For The World To Live: 'Europe' Must Die" (cover page, Mother Jones Magazine, December 1980). Appendix 1 Laura Spelman Rockerfeller memorial foundatio Appropiations 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Assn for the study of negro life 39000 Columbia University (Social services dept eg Boasian school) 75000 (columbia Teaches dept 50000 London School of Economics 115000 155000 375000 100000 Natl Negro Business Lg 15000 Selected Grants In 1984 Of The Rockefeller Family Fund & Rockefeller Foundation**** Aclu -$15,000, American Historical Assoc. -$42,000, Amer. Philosophical Assoc. -$57,500, Catholic University Of America -$25,000, Catholic Univ. Of Chile - $224,200, Council On Foreign Relations -$165.000, NAACP- $100,000 , Population Council - $ 1,235,000, Appendix 2 The >From 1919 JD Rockerfeller shifted his open support from traditional Christianity to Liberalism. The Rockefellers have given consistently to bodies undermining traditional christian beliefs 1948-Federal council of churches $100 000, but numerous other grants were given to left wing and anti evangelical bodies John Foster Dulles was was for 15 yrs head of Federal Council of churches(1948) In the book The Unholy Alliance details are given on how the seminaries, church boards and Christian colleges have been captured. Much of the money for this came from the Rockefellers. One of the principle large Foundations that was instrumental in controlling religious institutions of various kinds was the Sealantic Fund. (They have now shifted to other channels.) This Foundation which was incorporated in 1938 and was headquartered in New York City (50 West 50th St.) gave enormous sums of money to manipulate Protestant concerns. In 1964, according to the Russell Sage Foundation's book The Foundation Directoy the Sealantic Fund gave away $681, 886 in grants.* In 1969, the Fund gave $1,889,550 in grants.** By 1984, the Sealantic Fund was not being used. But a look at another Rockefeller non-profit untaxed Foundation the Rockefeller Brother's Fund shows a revealing grant pattern. Many people would not be able make any sense out of what seems a random pattern of grants without the broad picture of what the elite is doing today. The book Be Wise As Serpents should have clarified how those various groups who receive grants are related and helpful to the Rockefeller agenda. Although these other Rockefeller Foundations are not specifically geared toward religion such as the Sealantic Fund was, it is clear these other Foundations still impact religion. The Union Theological Seminary has operated from Rockefeller funds.***** UTS hasn't been the only Protestant Seminary receiving Rockefeller funds, but it may be the best example of a seminary controlled by the Rockefellers.The Sealantic Fund stated under its purpose and activities, "Current interests are primarily Protestant theological education...... ****** The President of the Sealantic Fund when it operated was David Rockefeller, and Laurance (not Lawrence) S. Rockefeller was Vice-President. Steven C. Rockefeller was one of the trustees. In 1952, Congressman Eugene E. Cox headed up a committee that for the first time tried to uncover the Rockefeller's (and other's) foundations' activities. For some reason, Cox encountered stiff opposition everywhere against his committee's investigation, and the Congressman for some reason got sick and died. One member of the committee, Congressman Carroll Reese, and his Counsel Rene Wormser attempted to continue the investigation. Rockefeller's henchmen and newspapers did their best to destroy Congressman Reese. The Reese investigation was given only the barest minimum of time and little resources for their investigation. However, they were still able to uncover that beginning in the 1930s vast sums of money were spent in Education by the Rockefeller and Carnegie foundations. This money went to promote John Dewey, Marxism, a One-World-Government agenda, and Socialism. The foundations (principally the Rockefeller and Carnegie) stimulated two-thirds of the total endowment funding of all institutions of higher learning in America during the first third of this 20th century.******* The NEA (National Education Association was largely financed by the Rockefeller/Carnegie foundations. A 1934 NEA report advised, "A dying laissez-faire must be completely destroyed and all of us, including the 'owners', must be subjected to a large degree of social control." Reece Committee Counsel Rene Wormser wrote of the investigation, "...leads one to the conclusion that there was, indeed, something in the nature of an actual conspiracy among certain leading educators in the United States to bring about socialism through the use of our school systems..." They discovered that the Rockefeller foundation was the primary culprit behind the teaching of socialism in America's schools and universities and also behind the NEA's policies. Rene Wormser, Counsel for the Reece Committee reported, "A very powerful complex of foundations and allied organizations has developed over the years to exercise a high degree of control over education. Part of this complex, and ultimately responsible for it, are the Rockefeller and Carnegie groups of foundations." This was the situation in the 1950s when the Reece Committee briefly investigated. Their influence has contributed to various anti-Christian organizations being set up. Maurice Strong is a good friend of the Rockefellers. He has been promoting Mother Gaia worship. David Rockefeller works with Maurice Strong and his New Age ideas. Reverend Moon from Korea has been very much loved by the Rockefellers. Moon calls himself Christ and is setting up a religion promoting internationalism. His religion is also a good testing ground for brainwashing/recruiting techniques that are being perfected by the NWO. The Rockefellers have been helping Moon, who also has his primary mansion in NY. Also of interest is that the prominent political figures that have endorsed Moon are those with ties to the NWO, and include Ted Kennedy, Mason Mark C. Hatfield, Mason Jesse Helms, & William F. Buckley, Jr. (See pg. 32-33 of The Puppet Master by J. Isamu Yamamoto.) A lesser known group is the Spiritual Frontiers Fellowship (SFF) in Independence, MO. Their address was Exec. Plaza, 10715 Winner Rd, 64052. They were founded in 1956. Just like Reverend Moon they claim to be Christians, but teach and practice other things. They teach and practice the occult. Two prominent men in SFF are Marcus Bach and Gardner Murphy. They both have interesting backgrounds. Marcus Bach shows the touch of the Rockefellers. Marcus Bach, born in 1906, is director of special projects for SFF. The Rockefeller Foundation granted him a fellowship in "research and creative writing" from 1934-36. Gardner Murphy was the consultant in 1950 for UNESCO in New Delhi to the Hindus of the Indian Ministry of Education. From '52-'68 he was director of research at the Menninger Foundation, Topeka, KS. (Yes, psychology is led mainly by occultists!) Menninger himself is a member of several environmental groups for the elite, an Honorary trustee of the Aspen Institute, a Freemason, member of ACLU, and a close associate of W. Clement Stone. W. Clement Stone in turn is also a Mason, a member of the occult American Society for Psychical Research, and the financial backer of the Menninger Foundation. The Federal Council of Churches was financed to a large extent by Rockefeller money. In the book Be Wise As Serpents book detail are given how the FCC was designed to destroy Christianity, how they carefully plotted to make the creation of the FCC look like a grass roots movement, when it was actually the creation of the elite . Further detail show how the men who ran it were high ranking Masons, Socialists, and One-Worlders. Also shown is how they carefully manipulated the real gospel for their own devious ends. David Rockefeller is part of Lucis Trust's management. Lucis Trust puts out the book Externalization of the Hierarchy by Alice Bailey which spells out The Plan for the Satanists and New Agers on how the spiritual Hierarchy (actually the demonic hierarchy) is to externalize their rule of the planet. The book gives quite a few of the details of the plan, and is used as a textbook for New Agers at the Arcane Schools in NY, London, and Europe on how the New Age/One World Religion/One-World-Government will be brought in. The book Externalization of the Hierarchy teaches repeatedly (see pages 511-512, 514) that the 3 vehicles to bring in the New Age will be the Masonic Lodges, , next the Churches , and finally Education DECLARATION & DISCLAIMER ========== CTRL is a discussion and informational exchange list. Proselyzting propagandic screeds are not allowed. Substance—not soapboxing! These are sordid matters and 'conspiracy theory', with its many half-truths, misdirections and outright frauds is used politically by different groups with major and minor effects spread throughout the spectrum of time and thought. That being said, CTRL gives no endorsement to the validity of posts, and always suggests to readers; be wary of what you read. 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