-Caveat Lector- http://www.williamcooper.com/vnsexclusivesarchives.html WJPBR Email News List [EMAIL PROTECTED] Peace at any cost is a Prelude to War! The truth about Militias by William Cooper, and Betty Schier, with quotes from Jon Roland VERITAS News Service, Exclusive -- Words have meaning. There is a process we may use to determine the specific meaning of the word Militia both in the language and under the law. The 1971 edition of The Compact Edition of the Oxford English Dictionary defines: Militia - 1. A system of military discipline, organization, and tactics; manner of conducting warfare; the arts of war. 2. The control and administration of the military and naval forces of a country. 3. A military force esp. the body of soldiers in the service of a sovereign or a state; in later use employed in more restricted sense to denote a "citizen army" as distinguished from a body of mercenaries or professional soldiers. 4.b. U.S. "The whole body of men declared by law amendable to military service, without enlistment, whether armed and drilled or not." Militia - To call out as Militia Militiaman - A member of a military force. Black's Law Dictionary further defines these terms. Bear in mind that words have meaning. Under the law the words may not mean what you think. Also, you will note in the following definition that the Militia is not subordinate to the state or any other body. The body of citizens constitutes the body of authority to which the Militia answers. Militia - The body of citizens in a state, enrolled for discipline as a military force, but not engaged in actual service except in emergencies, as distinguished from regular troops, or a standing army. State v. Dawson, 272 N.C. 535, 159 S.E.2d 1, 9 Militiamen - Comprehends every temporary citizen-soldier who in time of war or emergency enters active military service of the country. Critchlow v. Monson, 102 Utah 378 131 P.2d 794, 798 The first U.S. document in law is, "The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen United States of America". It sets out the reasons and justifications for our separation from England and the Revolutionary War that followed. The document places the decision and the power in the hands of the people, and was clearly meant to be enforced by the Militia, a citizen1s army. That army, the Continental Army of the Republic, won our Independence. The Declaration of Independence (http://www.williamcooper.com/DecInd.htm) clearly states: "That whenever any form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles, and organizing its powers in such from, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness... But when a long train of abuses and usurpation's, pursuing invariably the same Object, evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future Security." It becomes much clearer. Our Founding Fathers frequently discussed the meaning and purpose of the Militia. I suggest you read the Federalist Papers, No. 24 through 34. You will find a complete argument for the Militia as a "citizens army" consisting of "the whole of the people," designed to allay the public fears of a despotic central government. The following statements may be found: "If the representatives of the people betray their constituents, there is then no resource left but in the exertion of that original right of self-defense which is paramount to all positive forms of government." ... Federalist Papers, No. 28, Section 8 "It may safely be received as an axiom in our political system that the state governments will, in all possible contingencies, afford complete security against the invasions of public liberty by the national authority." Federalist Papers, No. 8, Section 8 The Constitution for the united States of America (http://www.williamcooper.com/contxt.htm) is the Supreme Law of the land. It recognizes the Militia as an already existing force outside the control of the federal government but allows for the Congress to call forth the Militia for three very specific occurrences. The Militia cannot be called up to perform any other acts outside of the three specifically stated in the Constitution. The Militia cannot be called upon to do anything unconstitutional, illegal, or unlawful. Indeed, the commanders must refuse any unconstitutional, illegal, or unlawful order. The Constitution for the United States of America states in Article 1, Section 8: "To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrection and repel Invasions; To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the Militia, and for governing such Part of them as may be employed in the Service of the United States, reserving to the States respectively, the Appointment of Officers, and the Authority of training the Militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress." Still fearful of an oppressive central government, the states rejected the Constitution. They finally agreed to adopt the instrument, but only after penning further safeguards; to protect the individual and the several states, 10 amendments were added, which came to be known as the Bill of Rights (http://www.williamcooper.com/bilrtstx.htm). The Preamble of those amendments, Article II, and Article X are of particular note: Preamble - "The conventions of a number of the States having at the time of their adopting the Constitution, expressed a desire, in order to prevent misconstruction or abuse of its powers, that further declaratory and restrictive clauses should be added; and as extending the ground of public confidence in the Government, will best insure the beneficent ends of its institution." Article II - "A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed." Article X - "The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people." Because freedom, yours and mine, is ultimately dependent upon the rights guaranteed by all these words, all with specific meaning, it is imperative that we understand the meaning. A Militia is an armed citizenry which, according to the American Heritage Dictionary, "...is not a part of the regular armed forces, but is on call for service in an emergency." The Federalist Papers show that the, "Militia," referred to in the Second Amendment, is, "the armed citizenry." It is the right of the, "people," not the right of any government entity, which it protects. "The security of a free state" clearly presupposes that the state (the citizenry) is free, and needs to secure that freedom by defending the Constitution for the United States - the guarantor of that freedom - "against all enemies, foreign and domestic," the oath I took twice when I entered the Air Force, and then later, the Navy. "Enemies foreign" obviously refers to entities or governments not of our country. "Enemies domestic" can only refer to an entity or government of our country, i.e., a government which would choose to make itself an enemy of the people by depriving its citizens of their Constitutionally protected natural rights. This is called tyranny. The primary reason for, and purpose of, a Militia, an armed citizenry, a Militia available to a government of the people but beyond the purview of a government against the people, is to secure the freedom of the people against such a government. The active clause in the second Article in amendment is "the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed." The phrase, "A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State," is the descriptive clause. The meaning is clear. The Militia, as you have just learned, is a "citizens army" made up of the "whole of the people" for the purpose of guarding against "betrayal by their representatives," to "afford complete security against the invasions of public liberty by the national authority," and if either occurs it is their right, their duty, "to throw off such a government, and to provide new guards for their future security." and that is not all... Jon Roland puts it this way: "Some commit the non sequitur that reserving the training of Militias and the training of their officers to the states, as provided in Article 1, Section 8, Para. 16, means delegating an exclusive power to the state governments. It is clear from the language, and from historical analysis of the development of the Constitution that 'reserving to the states' only means the power is denied to the national government. For the Framers, the State was the 'people of the state, 'not the 'government of the state'. When they wanted to indicate the government of a state, they used the language 'Legislature of the State,' as they did in Article 1, Section 8, Para. 17. It was left to the people of each state to decide what powers, if any, to delegate to their state government for organizing and training Militias and for the appointment of the officers. In the absence of such delegation of authority, under common law and established practice during the period in which the Constitution was adopted, the authority defaults to local communities. The practice was for Militias to be organized by county or township, usually under the authority of the highest elected law enforcement official, such as the sheriff or constable. However, any credible person could call up the Militia, as Paul Revere did during his famous midnight ride. My domicile is in Arizona. I cannot cover the Constitution and statutes of every state (http://www.williamcooper.com/Militial.htm), so I will cover Arizona as representative of the average state. You should make a thorough study of the Constitution and statutes of your particular state because while most are essentially the same there are a few states with major differences, such as New York. The Constitution of Arizona states: Article 2, Bearing Arms - Section 26. The right of the individual citizen to bear arms in defense of himself or the State shall not be impaired, but nothing in this section shall be construed as authorizing individuals or corporations to organize, maintain, or employ an armed body of men. The restriction came as a result of the Arizona cattle wars. The laws of the state of Arizona are clear. Under Title 26, Article 2, Militia, Section 26-121 it outlines the composition of the Militia and the persons exempt. Notice who is exempt. And understand that the definition of exempt in the law means prohibited. Those prohibited are the very ones who might betray the people. They therefore cannot be allowed to function as members of the Militia, the last refuge of the people against tyranny. "The Militia of the state of Arizona consists of all able-bodied citizens of the state between the ages of eighteen and forty-five years and all residents of the state between such ages who have declared their intention to become citizens of the United States, except: "1. Person exempted by the laws of the state or the United States. 2. Idiots, lunatics, totally blind persons and persons convicted of infamous crimes. 3. Judges and clerks of courts of record. 4. State and county civil officers holding office by election, and members of the legislature." Title 26, Section 26-122. "Components of Militia - A. The Militia is divided into the National Guard of Arizona, the state guard when organized, and the unorganized Militia. ...E. The unorganized Militia consists of members of the Militia not members of the National Guard or state guard when organized." Most people would stop here - that is, if they even got this far. But there is more, a lot more. The United States has a Militia. It is outlined in the United States Code. We will use the 1988 edition, Volume Three, Title 10 - Armed Forces: Chapter 13 - "The Militia, Section 311, Militia: composition and classes - (a) The Militia of the United States consists of all able-bodied males at least 17 years of age and who are, or who have made a declaration of intention to become, citizens of the United States and of female citizens of the United States who are commissioned officers of the National Guard. (b) The classes of the Militia are - (1) the organized Militia, which consists of the National Guard and the Naval Militia; and (2) the unorganized Militia, which consists of the members of the Militia who are not members of the National Guard or the Naval Militia." So you see, there is a lot to this Militia stuff. It goes on to list virtually the same and more exempted persons and for the same reasons as Arizona. Title 32 mentioned above makes persons who were honorably discharged from the armed forces members of the Militia until the age of 64, the maximum age that one may become a member of the National Guard, up until no longer physically or mentally able to serve. Read all this yourself for a complete understanding. It is much easier to understand than you may think. There are many Militias. The first is, and always will be, the Militia of the "whole of the people," armed to protect themselves from betrayal by their representatives and from a government that might become, or has become, a tyrant. The second, third, and fourth is the Militia of the state, the National Guard, state guard, and the unorganized Militia of the several states of the union. The fifth, sixth, and seventh is the United states Militia, the National Guard, Naval Militia, and the unorganized Militia of the federal government, its possessions, territories, and trusts. Thomas Jefferson, in a letter to James Madison, said, "A bill of rights is what the people are entitled to against every government on earth, general and particular. ..." Again, in his First Inaugural Address, he included among the, "essential principles of our government ...a well disciplined Militia [and] the supremacy of the civil over the military authority: ...and should we wander from [these principles] in moments of error and alarm, let us hasten to retrace our steps and to regain the road which alone leads to peace, liberty, and safety." 18 USCS, Section 1385 - "Use of Army and Air Force as posse comitatus - Whoever, except in cases and under circumstances expressly authorized by the constitution or Act of Congress, willfully uses any part of the Army or the Air Force as a posses comitatus or otherwise to execute the laws shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned not more than two years, or both." (added Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, Section 18(a), 70 A Stat. 626; June 25, 1959, P.L. 86-70, Section 17(d), 73 Stat. 144.) We the people, the citizenry, have both a right and a responsibility, a duty, individually and collectively, to keep and bear arms, in order to defend ourselves against all enemies of our Constitution and the rights and freedoms thereby guaranteed. What kind of arms? Any kind it takes! Obviously, arms must be kept and borne in a responsible manner in order to serve the Constitutionally stated need and purpose. The Second Amendment is not concerned, as some absurdly would suggest, with hunting and sporting rights, albeit these rights exist, along with the right to defend our lives and property. The intent of the Second Amendment is to arm the citizenry to defend itself against every enemy or government on earth, foreign or domestic, which would make itself an enemy of the people of the several States or of the United States of America. Government is the servant of an armed citizenry; it is the tyrant over an unarmed citizenry. (Witness the many tragic illustrations of this deplorable state around the world today.) No government by the people and for the people need fear the arms of the people; only a government against the people and their rights needs fear their arms. To lay down our arms is to transfer all power, all control, from the people to the government, thereby destroying, not securing, our freedom, for which once men were willing to die. The price of liberty, as Thomas Jefferson and others have warned, is eternal vigilance, and as I have warned... you must be willing to die for it. This is not to be construed as an indictment against our government. But vigilance requires that we be ever aware that tyrannies have arisen, both from within and from without, throughout history; that history, indeed, often repeats itself; and that can happen here and it can happen now. Arise from indifference, take a stand, unite, form Militias, and advise your congressmen of your resolve. Remind them that their duty is to serve the people as provided by our Constitution for the United States of America and that any action that they may perform that infringes upon our Constitutionally protected rights will not be tolerated. And don't neglect to thank those congressmen who support and defend our rights - that is, if you can find one. On September 15, 1994, President Clinton, in a speech, praised the patriots of the American Revolution for having taken up arms against a tyrannical government. I wonder if he knew or understood exactly what it was that he said. I wonder if he knew that he came dangerously close to being another tyrant. Where does this leave us? The Report of the Subcommittee on the Constitution of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, 97th Congress, 2nd Session, February 1982, page 11 states: "The 'Militia' refers to a concept of a universally armed people, not to any specifically organized unit. When the framers referred to the equivalent of our National Guard, they uniformly used the term 'select Militia' and distinguished this from 'Militia'. Debates over the Constitution constantly referred to organized Militia units as a threat to freedom comparable to that of a standing army, and stressed that such organized units did not constitute and indeed were philosophically opposed to, the concept of a Militia. "That the National Guard is not the 'Militia' referred to in the Second Amendment is even clearer today. Congress has organized the National Guard under its power to 'raise and support armies' and not its power to 'provide for organizing, arming and disciplining the Militia'. (H.R. Report No. 141, 73rd Congress, 1st Session, February 5, 1953.) This Congress chose to do in the interest of organizing reserve military units which were not limited in deployment by the strictures of our power over the constitutional Militia, which can be called forth only 'to execute the laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections, and repel invasions'. The modern National Guard was specifically intended to avoid status as the constitutional Militia, a distinction recognized by Title 10 U.S.C. Section 311(a)." A Militiaman is simply any citizen in his capacity as a defender of the community, who is obliged to do so within his or her ability. Militiahood is a role which citizens may play, as the situation requires. It is not a permanent condition. But just as each citizen has a duty to defend the community, he also has the duty to prepare himself to play that role effectively, and to join with others in his community to train and to function as organized forces; and the elected officials of his community have the duty to facilitate that organization and training. If those officials fail in their duty, the Militiaman must carry on without their participation. The federal government can only call up the Militia for those things specifically outlined in Article 1, Section 8 of the Constitution for the United States of America. Militiamen cannot answer a call from the federal government for any other purpose. The Militia may be called up by a state governor for many reasons other than those cited in the Constitution for the United States of America. No Militiaman can ever answer any call that would involve him or his unit in anything that is illegal, unlawful, or unconstitutional. No Militia unit or Militiaman can ever accept or carry out any order that is illegal, unlawful, or unconstitutional. If the federal or State government ignores the restraints put upon them by their constitutions and constitutional laws, the Militia is obligated, it is their duty, to march upon that government and enforce the laws of the State or of the federal government and restore those Constitutions as the supreme law of the land. America is forgetting its history. It was the Militia that created this nation. It was the Militia that freed the slaves. The Black Panthers was a Militia. It has been the Militia that has fought most of the nation's battles... and it has been Militiamen that have suffered most of the casualties of the nation's wars. The ADL is against the Second Amendment, the Militia, and Freedom of Speech. It is most probable that the Anti Defamation League of B'nai B'rith has an agenda that is not in the best interest of American Jews or Americans in general. Maybe the ADL has forgotten, or maybe never knew the history of the its own People. It was a Jewish Militia that fought against Rome. It was a Jewish Militia that rose up in the Warsaw Ghetto. It was the Militia that protected Jews in Palestine. It was the Militia that created the State of Israel. It is the Militia that protects the villages and towns of Israel today. It is the Militia called the Jewish Defense League that professes to protect Jews worldwide. "Jewish Defense League upholds the principle of Barzel -- iron -- the need to both move to help Jews everywhere and to change the Jewish image through sacrifice and all necessary means -- even strength, force and violence. The Galut image of the Jew as a weakling, as one who is easily stepped upon and who does not fight back is an image that must be changed. Not only does that image cause immediate harm to Jews but also it is a self-perpetuating thing. Because a Jew runs away or because a Jew allows himself to be stepped upon, he guarantees that another Jew in the future will be attacked because of the image that he has perpetuated. JDL wants to create a physically strong, fearless and courageous Jew who fights back. We are changing an image, an image born of 2,000 years in the Galut, an image that must be buried because it has buried us. We train ourselves for the defense of Jewish lives and Jewish rights. We learn how to fight physically, for it is better to know how and not have to, than have to and not know how." - Jewish Defense League The Jewish Defense League is indeed a Jewish Militia. It's dedication and sacrifice in protecting Jews worldwide is commendable. It is sad, however, that the JDL practices exactly what its enemy1s practice... racism. The Jewish Defense League protects only Jews therefore it is not a lawful Militia within the borders of the United States of America. It was the Militia that fought against the might of the Soviet Union in Hungary. The Militia of the Mujahadeen fought them in Afghanistan. And Militias fight the Russian tyranny today. I could go on for another 100 pages listing the accomplishments of brave Militiamen in the fight for Freedom throughout the history of the world, and upon the battlefields of today. But... if you do not yet understand that no one volunteers to fight on the side of despotism, but only on the side of Freedom... another 500 pages would not make a difference in your thinking. "A nation or world of people who will not use their intelligence are no better than animals that have no intelligence. Such people are beasts of burden and steaks on the table by choice and consent." Quote from Chapter One of Behold A Pale Horse, by William Cooper *COPYRIGHT NOTICE** In accordance with Title 17 U. S. C. Section 107, any copyrighted work in this message is distributed under fair use without profit or payment to those who have expressed a prior interest in receiving the included information for nonprofit research and educational purposes only.[Ref. http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/17/107.shtml ] Want to be on our lists? Write at [EMAIL PROTECTED] for a menu of our lists! <A HREF="http://www.ctrl.org/">www.ctrl.org</A> DECLARATION & DISCLAIMER ========== CTRL is a discussion & informational exchange list. Proselytizing propagandic screeds are unwelcomed. Substance—not soap-boxing—please! These are sordid matters and 'conspiracy theory'—with its many half-truths, mis- directions and outright frauds—is used politically by different groups with major and minor effects spread throughout the spectrum of time and thought. That being said, CTRLgives no endorsement to the validity of posts, and always suggests to readers; be wary of what you read. 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