The Catheter and the Blizzard

2003-09-09 Thread Major Variola (ret)
The obvious example is Unix, in its variants
including Linux, despite the attempt by SCO to collect $1000 per CPU or
whatever silly number they have floated in their lawsuits.

Anyone discussing this particular bit of corporate hallucination is
encouraged
to put Frank Zappa's Penguin in Bondage track on their phonograph...



Re: more SSH MITM

2003-09-09 Thread James A. Donald
--
On 7 Sep 2003 at 7:00, Thomas Shaddack wrote:
 Central certification authority has its risks and advantages. 
 Remembering the fingerprints of known keys and alerting for
 the new or changed ones has its advantages too. Why we
 shouldn't have it all?

 Why there couldn't be a system that would keep the database
 of known keys and report changes and new keys, like SSH does,
 and at the same give the possibility to sign the keys by
 several CAs? Effectively turning the hierarchy with
 potentially vulnerable top to a much-less-vulnerable web
 structure?

Ideally a client that mediates interactions should get trust
information from all relevant sources, and flag the user when
there is something unusual about an interaction.

However the more sources, the harder it is for mere software to
figure out what is meaningful and relevant, and therefore the
greater the risk that one will wind up continually throwing
irrelevant dialog boxes at the user, which the user eventually
learns to click through and ignore.

It is hard to do what you propose. 

--digsig
 James A. Donald
 6YeGpsZR+nOTh/cGwvITnSR3TdzclVpR0+pr3YYQdkG
 McThKMMEVOKkdz4RWIcbMuoi2/6QWYqfbndp1rrO
 4NHj3GqtByVC9gs20vzoMmlt0cJTw1eJUCwsGHG/S



Charted death of cypherpunks

2003-09-09 Thread Morlock Elloi
http://recall.archive.org/?query=cypherpunkssearch=goafterMonth=1afterYear=1996beforeMonth=TodaybeforeYear=%A0

(the above URL should be all in one line, of course)

=
end
(of original message)

Y-a*h*o-o (yes, they scan for this) spam follows:

__
Do you Yahoo!?
Yahoo! SiteBuilder - Free, easy-to-use web site design software
http://sitebuilder.yahoo.com



a study in efectiveness of medication in Corralitos area

2003-09-09 Thread An Metet
http://recall.archive.org/?query=tim+maysearch=goafterMonth=1afterYear=1996beforeMonth=TodaybeforeYear=%A0



[cdr] Social Hack sets off security flappers.(and that just may be the point.)

2003-09-09 Thread professor rat
Customs Minister Chris Ellison has signalled an independent review of 
Customs' security following the theft of two computer servers at Sydney 
Airport last week.

The government has been embarrassed by the revelation that thieves posed as 
computer technicians to steal the computers from Australian Customs Service 
facilities at the airport.

I will also be announcing an independent review of Customs security 
shortly and the form of that will be announced in a few days' time, 
Senator Ellison told ABC TV.

He said the Australian Federal Police (AFP), the secretive Defence Signals 
Directorate (DSD) and Customs were investigating the theft.

There has been a misrepresentation in the press as to what was actually 
taken, he said.

For a start, there weren't thousands of confidential files taken and we've 
ascertained that there weren't sensitive details relating to Customs 
officials ... taken either.

ASIO and the AFP did not complain to Customs about this matter.

Senator Ellison said the two servers were to enable communication across 
the Customs network.

We are concerned about it, we are investigating the matter but I think 
that to speculate whilst there is an investigation going would be 
inappropriate.

He would not deny that the theft was terrorist-related.

To assume things in this environment is very dangerous. We have the AFP 
and DSD on the job.

They have reported to me the progress of the investigation. I'm happy with 
that. I'm not going to speculate as to the motive of the thief concerned, 
who was involved.

http://news.com.au/common/story_page/0,4057,7200178%255E15306,00.html



Re: Digital cash and campaign finance reform

2003-09-09 Thread Tim May
On Monday, September 8, 2003, at 08:39  PM, Steve Schear wrote:

At 04:51 PM 9/8/2003 -0700, Joseph Ashwood wrote:
- Original Message -
From: Steve Schear [EMAIL PROTECTED]
To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]; [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[anonymous funding of politicians]
 Comments?
Simple attack: Bob talks to soon to be bought politician. Tomorrow 
you'll
recieve a donation of $50k, you'll know where it came from.
Next day, buyer makes 500 $100 donations (remember you can't link him 
to any
transaction), 50k arrives through the mix. Politician knows where it 
came
from, but no one can prove it.
Not so fast.  I said the mix would delay and randomize the arrival of 
payments.  So, some of the contributions would arrive almost 
immediately others/many might take weeks to arrive.

Why are you not addressing the more direct attack, the one I described 
yesterday?

The contributions you receive for $87.93 came from our members.

Unless the amounts are consolidated by a third party or dithered (so 
much for digital money being what it claims to be), this covert channel 
bypasses the nominal name-stripping.

--Tim May

According to the FBI, there's a new wrinkle in prostitution: suburban 
teenage girls are now selling their white asses at the mall to make 
money to spend at the mall.
..
Now, you see, the joke here, of course, is on White America, which 
always felt superior to blacks, and showed that with their feet, moving 
out of urban areas. White flight, they called it. Whites feared 
blacks. They feared if they raised their kids around blacks, the blacks 
would turn their daughters and prostitutes. And now, through the 
miracle of MTV, damned if it didn't work out that way! 

--Bill Maher, Real Time with Bill Maher, HBO, 15 August 2003



CAPPS II -- The Latest Red Scare

2003-09-09 Thread Tim May
The new Transportation Security Administration system seeks to probe  
deeper into each passenger's identity than is currently possible,  
comparing personal information against criminal records and  
intelligence information. Passengers will be assigned a color code --  
green, yellow or red -- based in part on their city of departure,  
destination, traveling companions and date of ticket purchase.

Most people will be coded green and sail through. But up to 8 percent  
of passengers who board the nation's 26,000 daily flights will be coded  
yellow and will undergo additional screening at the checkpoint,  
according to people familiar with the program. An estimated 1 to 2  
percent will be labeled red and will be prohibited from boarding.  
These passengers also will face police questioning and may be arrested.

http://story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=storycid=1802ncid=1802e=2u=/ 
washpost/20030909/ts_washpost/a45434_2003sep8

Charming. Now people face arrest (Washington Post story claim) for  
merely be tagged as a Red.

Get tagged as a Red, perhaps based on intelligence like Usenet  
postings, mailing list activity, political activity, and airlines are  
ordered to bar use of their services. And arrest follows.

I know the ACLU is already having a field day with this. I wonder what  
the charges justifying arrest will be? Your honor, this man was  
flagged Red by our computers. We request one million dollars bail.  
He's a flight riskcough.

No wonder the airlines are facing bankruptcy. Except Big Brother is  
bailing them out, semi-nationalizing them (probably giving big pieces  
of control to Halliburton and other Bush crony companies...even Hitler  
was not this transparent).

--Tim May

Join the boycott against Delta Airlines for their support of the Big  
Brotherish CAPPS II citizen-unit tracking program.

http://www.boycottdelta.org
http://boycottdelta.org/images/deltaeyebanner.gif
With our help, Delta Airlines may be joining United and US Air in the   
bankruptcy scrap heap.



Re: Digital cash and campaign finance reform

2003-09-09 Thread Steve Schear
At 09:28 AM 9/9/2003 -0700, Tim May wrote:
On Monday, September 8, 2003, at 08:39  PM, Steve Schear wrote:

At 04:51 PM 9/8/2003 -0700, Joseph Ashwood wrote:
- Original Message -
From: Steve Schear [EMAIL PROTECTED]
To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]; [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[anonymous funding of politicians]
 Comments?
Simple attack: Bob talks to soon to be bought politician. Tomorrow you'll
recieve a donation of $50k, you'll know where it came from.
Next day, buyer makes 500 $100 donations (remember you can't link him to any
transaction), 50k arrives through the mix. Politician knows where it came
from, but no one can prove it.
Not so fast.  I said the mix would delay and randomize the arrival of 
payments.  So, some of the contributions would arrive almost immediately 
others/many might take weeks to arrive.
Why are you not addressing the more direct attack, the one I described 
yesterday?

The contributions you receive for $87.93 came from our members.

Unless the amounts are consolidated by a third party or dithered (so much 
for digital money being what it claims to be), this covert channel 
bypasses the nominal name-stripping.
Sorry, I replied to this but apparently forgot to cc cypherpunks

Limiting each individual contribution to fixed amounts (say $1, $5, $10, 
$20 and $100) should close that loophole.



--Tim May

According to the FBI, there's a new wrinkle in prostitution: suburban 
teenage girls are now selling their white asses at the mall to make money 
to spend at the mall.
I guess I must not look like a potential client 'cause no young 'ho ever 
came up to me and solicited for a 'party'.

steve

A foolish Constitutional inconsistency is the hobgoblin of freedom, adored 
by judges and demagogue statesmen.
- Steve Schear 



Re: Digital cash and campaign finance reform

2003-09-09 Thread Tim May
On Tuesday, September 9, 2003, at 11:47  AM, Steve Schear wrote:

At 09:28 AM 9/9/2003 -0700, Tim May wrote:
Why are you not addressing the more direct attack, the one I 
described yesterday?

The contributions you receive for $87.93 came from our members.

Unless the amounts are consolidated by a third party or dithered (so 
much for digital money being what it claims to be), this covert 
channel bypasses the nominal name-stripping.
Sorry, I replied to this but apparently forgot to cc cypherpunks
On this topic, I very strongly suggest to people that they not carry on 
conversations on both open lists and moderated lists.

Also, I thought Perrypunks was a no politics, crypto only list? 
Debating how to do campaign finance reform is heavily political, and 
very light on cryptography, math, etc.
Limiting each individual contribution to fixed amounts (say $1, $5, 
$10, $20 and $100) should close that loophole.



There are too many loopholes to close.

You also don't address the other point I raised, that if an 
untraceable campaign contribution system is in fact unlinkable to the 
donor, then Warren Buffett is able to donate $10 million, all in 
unlinkable contributions.

(Nothing wrong with this, of course, but it sure does contradict the 
only small contributions intent of the various statist rules about 
campaigns.)

So, why work on a system which is guaranteed to fail, by its nature?

And guaranteed to fail for social reasons, when it is pointed out that 
inner city negroes rarely have access to PCs or digital money systems 
and that the system thus skews toward techies and those with computers?

--Tim May



--Tim May
Stupidity is not a sin, the victim can't help being stupid.  But 
stupidity is the only universal crime;  the sentence is death, there is 
no appeal, and execution is carried out automatically and without 
pity. --Robert A. Heinlein



Re: Digital cash and campaign finance reform

2003-09-09 Thread Tim May
On Tuesday, September 9, 2003, at 09:58  AM, ken wrote:

Tim May wrote:

In any case, campaign finance reform is essentially uninteresting and 
statist.
Yes Tim, but as we happen to live in places where states make laws and 
employ men with guns to hurt us if we disobey those laws then we do 
have an interest (in the other sense) in who gets to run the organs of 
the state.

If you live next to the zoo you may be uninterested in the design of 
the lion's cage but you sure as hell aren't disinterested in it.

I wouldn't want to live near a death camp, either, but that doesn't 
mean I would think designing better gas chambers is a noble or 
interesting thing to do (well, maybe for ten million or so statists and 
inner city welfare mutants, but that's for another post).

Designing systems to thwart free speech is not noble, and not very 
interesting.

(Campaign finance laws are thwartings of free speech, clearly.)



--Tim May
That government is best which governs not at all. --Henry David 
Thoreau



Re: Digital cash and campaign finance reform

2003-09-09 Thread ken
Tim May wrote:

In any case, campaign finance reform is essentially uninteresting and 
statist.
Yes Tim, but as we happen to live in places where states make laws 
and employ men with guns to hurt us if we disobey those laws then 
we do have an interest (in the other sense) in who gets to run the 
organs of the state.

If you live next to the zoo you may be uninterested in the design 
of the lion's cage but you sure as hell aren't disinterested in it.



Your papers please [what color is John Gilmore?]

2003-09-09 Thread Major Variola (ret.)
Most people will be coded green and sail through. But up to 8
percent of passengers who board the nation's 26,000 daily flights will
be coded yellow and will undergo additional screening at the
checkpoint, according to people familiar with the program. An estimated
1 to 2 percent will be labeled red and will be prohibited from
boarding. These passengers also will face police questioning and may be
arrested.

http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A45434-2003Sep8?language=printer



Re: Your papers please [what color is John Gilmore?]

2003-09-09 Thread Bill Stewart
What color is John?  He's Tie-Dyed, of course...

You were expecting a single category they knew what to do with?

Major Variola (ret.) wrote:
Most people will be coded green and sail through. But up to 8
percent of passengers who board the nation's 26,000 daily flights will
be coded yellow and will undergo additional screening at the
checkpoint, according to people familiar with the program. An estimated
1 to 2 percent will be labeled red and will be prohibited from
boarding. These passengers also will face police questioning and may be
arrested.
http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A45434-2003Sep8?language=printer



Re: cats

2003-09-09 Thread Major Variola (ret)
At 08:12 AM 9/9/03 -0500, Harmon Seaver wrote:
On Mon, Sep 08, 2003 at 11:15:31AM -0700, Tim May wrote:
 Dogs can't conceive of a group of cats without an alpha cat.
--David
 Honig, on the Cypherpunks list, 2001-11


   Cats always have an alpha cat. And they often have pissing contests
to
determine the pecking order. This is just as true of house cats as it
is of
lions.

First, many cats (e.g., mountain lions) do not form social groups beyond

the mother raising the cubs.  Female African lions reportedly do hang
out together.

Second, if you examine the context of the original post, the statement
was a metaphor about leaderless (anarchic) assemblies such
as this list.  In particular, the Feds (dogs) haven't historically
understood
that this list is the equivalent of a grad lounge or spontaneous beach
party:
there are multiple conversations, no one is moderating or otherwise
choreographing
squat.  When cats encounter each other by chance, they may assert
dominance,
(linguistic pissing contests are not unheard of here :-)
but their lives are not structured around following, or smelling the
higher-up's ass.

---
While acknowledging himself an Anarchist,
he does not state to what branch of the organization he belongs
---Discussing Leon Czolgosz' shooting of President William McKinley



Re: Digital cash and campaign finance reform

2003-09-09 Thread Steve Schear
At 06:31 PM 9/9/2003 +0200, Amir Herzberg wrote:
Steve suggested (see below) that anonymous cash may be useful to hide the 
identities of contributors from the party/candidate they contribute to. 
I'm afraid this won't work: e-cash protocols are not trying to prevent a 
`covert channel` between the payer and payee, e.g. via the choice of 
random numbers or amounts. Furthermore even if the e-cash system had such 
a feature, it would be of little help, since (a) there will be plenty of 
other ways the payer can convince the payee that it made the contribution 
and (b) in reality, candidates will have to return the favors even without 
knowing for sure they got the money - kind of `risk management` - I'm not 
sure what we want is to allow big contributors to gain favors while not 
really making as big a contribution as they promised...
I think that is exactly what we want.  When multiple, creditable, 
contributors approach a candidate (who have different, perhaps opposing 
agendas) and tell them they have made substantial contributions to the 
campaign what will the candidate do when the bank account figures don't add 
up and it comes time for delivering on requests from these 
contributors?  You know that once special interests understand that the 
candidates can't tell who contributed many attempt to cheat.  The result 
could be to greatly reduce special interest campaign contributions and 
their power in government.  It could make for an interesting study in game 
theory.

steve

A foolish Constitutional inconsistency is the hobgoblin of freedom, adored 
by judges and demagogue statesmen.
- Steve Schear 



Attention Sheeple

2003-09-09 Thread Eric Cordian
Saw this while browsing the Web this morning.  I loved it.

http://www.strike-the-root.com/3/donahue/donahue2.html

-

Want to See the World Implode
by Jim Donahue

I'd like to see some real hell unleashed in the upcoming year.

I want a briefcase full of weaponized toxins to explode in front of the
New York Stock Exchange. I want to see political assassinations take place
all over Amerika, melee assassinations, live on television during a press
conference. I want power outages to roll their way through the
countryside, from Boston to D.C. to Miami to Dallas to Los Angeles to San
Francisco to Seattle and back again. I want the economy to collapse into a
pile of green ashes. I want 401(k) plans and IRAs and mutual fund
investments to disappear. I want the twelve Federal Reserve Bank branches
to go up in flames.

I want new laws, more laws, bigger laws. I want laws that prohibit smoking
in public, in private, on the high seas, and on the moon. I want drug laws
that will put a high school student in the electric chair for smoking a
joint.

..

-- 
Eric Michael Cordian 0+
O:.T:.O:. Mathematical Munitions Division
Do What Thou Wilt Shall Be The Whole Of The Law



cats

2003-09-09 Thread Harmon Seaver
On Mon, Sep 08, 2003 at 11:15:31AM -0700, Tim May wrote:
 Dogs can't conceive of a group of cats without an alpha cat. --David 
 Honig, on the Cypherpunks list, 2001-11


   Cats always have an alpha cat. And they often have pissing contests to
determine the pecking order. This is just as true of house cats as it is of
lions. 


-- 
Harmon Seaver   
CyberShamanix
http://www.cybershamanix.com



Re: Cathedra and the Bizarre: Why Free Stuff is Good

2003-09-09 Thread Eric Cordian
Tim Philosophizes:

 All of the interesting languages now generating a lot of buzz, and 
 substantial communities, are essentially free. Or non-profit, or open 
 source, or whatever one wishes to call them. Some examples:

I believe Free to be very different than Open Source, particularly
open source under viral licensing agreements like the GPL.

My perfect example of free software is the quadratic formula.  I don't
have to pay anyone to use it.  I may use it for any purpose whatsoever,
including commercial applications.  Using it does not obligate me in any
way, or legally encumber any product which includes it.  The knowlege of
it is so widespread that were it to be lost, someone would quickly
reconstruct it and spread it around again.

IT has lots of free things.  Most computer science is free.  I don't have
to mail Andrew Tanenbaum a check if I write an OS, even if I use his book
to design it.  Knuth's books are free.  etc...

I'm a big fan of free.  Free works.  Free is like Pandora's box.  Once
opened, the stuff cannot be put back in.  Ever.

I am less of a fan of schemes like the GPL, which seek to impose a set of 
contagious terms on anything touched by the knowlege.  

 But free arises for some reasons which are readily-understandable to 
 Hayekians and Randians and those interested in markets and capitalism:

 * the creators are anticipating rewards _other_ than salaries from 
 employers, e.g.,

True scientific inquiry is always driven purely by intellectual curiosity.
Salary is just how you eat and pay the bills.  Understanding the essential 
nature of apparently complex things is its own reward.

 -- fame (Yes, I am Guido)

Yes, I am Paracelsus.  Would you believe I've been cooking this large vat 
of feces for 6 months?

 -- job opportunities (I wrote Digital Datawhaque, the leading open 
 source frobbolizer)

I showed the correspondence between Tarot Trumps and Paths on the Tree of 
Life.

 -- publish or perish

I wrote the Copronomicon.

 -- simple pleasure or some mission (applies to several Cypherpunks 
 projects...)

We must stop discrimination against Druids.

Of course my point here is that with minor exceptions, most really great
innovations are unappreciated by the public, and may in fact go
unappreciated by all but a very small number of people working in ones
subspecialty at the time they are announced.

So I think the non-tangible rewards from employers argument for innovation
fails.  Smart people do innovative things because of their intrinsic
coolness, even if no one else in the world can appreciate them.

 The large communities, and probable large adoptions by corporations 
 later, are in the free stuff areas. I don't even think the important 
 defining characteristic is that the thing be open source. The 
 important thing is free. Free as in no hassles, no licenses, play 
 around, copy it for your friends, write about it without fears of being 
 contacted by lawyers, and so on. Free. Unencumbered.

 (Yeah, there are various kinds of licenses having to do with whether 
 products based on the freebie can be sold for profit.

If you can't do whatever you like with it, it's not free.  Period.

 Just the obvious one: any digital money system needs to be free, or 
 open source, to be widely adopted by our kind of people.

Secure anonymous digital money will never win out over easy to use, 
good buddies with Homeland Security systems like Paypal in the wide 
adoption Olympics.

This is a dead horse that continues to be beaten on this list.

 Had David Chaum, a man I respect a great deal, freely published and
 distributed his ideas, he would likely today have a lot more fame and
 fortune.

Chaum's ideas were the JPEG Arithmetic Coding of the digital money spec.

They suffered from two faults.  One, they had legal restrictions.  Two, 
other things that were almost as good didn't have legal restrictions.

If Chaum wanted fame and fortune, he should have started eBay.

-- 
Eric Michael Cordian 0+
O:.T:.O:. Mathematical Munitions Division
Do What Thou Wilt Shall Be The Whole Of The Law



Re: Cathedra and the Bizarre: Why Free Stuff is Good

2003-09-09 Thread James A. Donald
--
On 7 Sep 2003 at 12:49, Eric Cordian wrote:
 Secure anonymous digital money will never win out over easy
 to use, good buddies with Homeland Security systems like
 Paypal in the wide adoption Olympics.

Non anonymous digital money is inherently reversible.  For many
purposes, this is a good thing.  For other purposes, damn near
intolerable.  Reversibility imposes large costs on issuer,
buyer, and seller.

Reversibility imposes on all participants not merely the
possibility of tracking identity, but the necessity to track
identity, which is expensive and a major pain in the ass.


--digsig
 James A. Donald
 6YeGpsZR+nOTh/cGwvITnSR3TdzclVpR0+pr3YYQdkG
 w43FmWVSVxGrGkglKwhrbDlYPv+GcqZ9RzftUTCi
 4nRt4abzGjha5XY7VEVcS7IDx7m9vN9VBDIRElHh7



Re: CAPPS II -- The Latest Red Scare

2003-09-09 Thread Roy M. Silvernail
On Tuesday 09 September 2003 16:47, Tyler Durden wrote:

 Stop expressing yourself and everything will be OK. Shut up, keep your head
 down and stay with the pack.

All hail mediocrity!



Re: CAPPS II -- The Latest Red Scare

2003-09-09 Thread Tyler Durden
Get tagged as a Red, perhaps based on intelligence like Usenet  postings, 
mailing list activity, political activity, and airlines are  ordered to bar 
use of their services. And arrest follows.

Serves you right. You and your constant criticisms of our divine and 
God-appointed protectors and leaders will certainly cause your privileges to 
be revoked. And in case you haven't yet learned:

Stop expressing yourself and everything will be OK. Shut up, keep your head 
down and stay with the pack.

-TD


From: Tim May [EMAIL PROTECTED]
To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: CAPPS II -- The Latest Red Scare
Date: Tue, 9 Sep 2003 09:24:54 -0700
The new Transportation Security Administration system seeks to probe  
deeper into each passenger's identity than is currently possible,  
comparing personal information against criminal records and  intelligence 
information. Passengers will be assigned a color code --  green, yellow or 
red -- based in part on their city of departure,  destination, traveling 
companions and date of ticket purchase.

Most people will be coded green and sail through. But up to 8 percent  of 
passengers who board the nation's 26,000 daily flights will be coded  
yellow and will undergo additional screening at the checkpoint,  
according to people familiar with the program. An estimated 1 to 2  percent 
will be labeled red and will be prohibited from boarding.  These 
passengers also will face police questioning and may be arrested.

http://story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=storycid=1802ncid=1802e=2u=/ 
washpost/20030909/ts_washpost/a45434_2003sep8

Charming. Now people face arrest (Washington Post story claim) for  
merely be tagged as a Red.

Get tagged as a Red, perhaps based on intelligence like Usenet  postings, 
mailing list activity, political activity, and airlines are  ordered to bar 
use of their services. And arrest follows.

I know the ACLU is already having a field day with this. I wonder what  the 
charges justifying arrest will be? Your honor, this man was  flagged Red 
by our computers. We request one million dollars bail.  He's a flight 
riskcough.

No wonder the airlines are facing bankruptcy. Except Big Brother is  
bailing them out, semi-nationalizing them (probably giving big pieces  of 
control to Halliburton and other Bush crony companies...even Hitler  was 
not this transparent).

--Tim May

Join the boycott against Delta Airlines for their support of the Big  
Brotherish CAPPS II citizen-unit tracking program.

http://www.boycottdelta.org
http://boycottdelta.org/images/deltaeyebanner.gif
With our help, Delta Airlines may be joining United and US Air in the   
bankruptcy scrap heap.
_
Express yourself with MSN Messenger 6.0 -- download now! 
http://www.msnmessenger-download.com/tracking/reach_general