It appears that the "no route to host" issue was caused by a missing default route. "route add default gw 192.168.1.1 dev bond0" fixed the issue. The question is why my routing table was missing such a default route. My /etc/network/interfaces file specifically references the gateway, as indicated by https://wiki.debian.org/NetworkConfiguration#Configuring_the_interface_manually.
While I know the issue, I'm not sure what is causing it. My interfaces setting should automatically add a default route. I've added the above command to /etc/rc.local for the time being. /etc/network/interfaces # This file describes the network interfaces available on your system # and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5). # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback iface eth0 inet manual iface eth1 inet manual #This is my LACP Bond Interface with manual IPV4 and IPV6 addresses auto bond0 iface bond0 inet static address 192.168.1.200 netmask 255.255.255.0 network 192.168.1.0 gateway 192.168.1.1 iface bond0 inet6 static address 2001:470:8:1141::2 netmask 64 gateway 2001:470:8:1141::1 slaves eth0 eth1 bond_mode 802.3ad bond_miimon 100 bond_downdelay 200 bond_updelay 200 mtu 9000 #Point-to-Point 10Gbe Link for backups auto eth2 iface eth2 inet static address 10.0.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 mtu 9000
