This problem continues to occur with curl 7.74.0 on Debian GNU/Linux
11 (bullseye) on WSL:

curl 7.74.0 (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu) libcurl/7.74.0 OpenSSL/1.1.1w
zlib/1.2.11 brotli/1.0.9 libidn2/2.3.0 libpsl/0.21.0 (+libidn2/2.3.0)
libssh2/1.9.0 nghttp2/1.43.0 librtmp/2.3
Release-Date: 2020-12-09, security patched: 7.74.0-1.3+deb11u11

 Debian GNU/Linux 11 (bullseye)
 Kernel: Linux 5.15.146.1-microsoft-standard-WSL2

Since I have the public key file, a workaround is to explicitly pass
the public key file. That is, this command fails:

curl -v sftp://user@host/home/user/

with this error:

 Using SSH private key file '.../.ssh/id_rsa'
* SSH public key authentication failed: Unable to extract public key
from private key file: Method unimplemented in libgcrypt backend

And this works:

curl --pubkey ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub  sftp://user@host/home/user/

"curl 8.7.1 (x86_64-pc-cygwin)" extracts the private key from the public key.

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