Re: Etch Software RAID Upgrade Trouble & Suggested Installer Improvements

2007-01-09 Thread Goswin von Brederlow
Claus Fischer <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes:

> On Tue, Jan 09, 2007 at 09:11:57PM +0100, Goswin von Brederlow wrote:
> : > 4. Netinstall image should have some packages
> : >
> : >I'm not sure on that ... but having grub, a
> : >kernel and a modules package would have been
> : >an immense help.
> : 
> : They used to be on there. Are you sure you have a netinst and not
> : mini.iso/netboot or businesscard image?
>
> Yes, I had. I'll take that point back; you're right.
>
> What I would have needed, however, is a way to get to the
> stage where one can install onto the target, without
> overwriting the fstab or modifying the target's
> partitions.

You can configure all the partitions and set them to use as is,
without formating. But debootstrap won't run cleanly if there is
already a system on there in my experience.

> : >  - leave out lost+found
> : 
> : Why?
>
> Because the lost+found directory (NOT its contents)
> is quite misleading when copied to a target system that
> has no 'mount boundary' there. I.e., when the source
> has /tmp/lost+found, but the target has /tmp directly
> on root, the source's /lost+found shouldn't be copied.
>
> Just like e.g. the journal 'file', but that one's not
> needed for the user generally so you can hide it always.

Except when you try to rescue all possible data from abroken system
where lost+found might contain valuable contents. I would rather have
them included in an emergency backup.

> : >  - leave out /proc, /sys, the automatic /dev
> : 
> : use the same filesystem flag, or better see enxt comment
>
> Not so nice for about six mounted partitions.
>
> : >  - copy all "real" files
> : >  - copy the /dev on harddisk under the mounted devfs
> : >(using mount -bind or so)
> : 
> : Why do you have an devfs mounted? But if you do or have udev there
> : then the dir is lost.
>
> (Not fully, see mount -bind. I've tried it recently and it worked.)
>
> : Mount the device again under a different mountpoint without any
> : submounts. No devfs, no udev, no proc, no sys. Then you can just copy
> : the whole thing.
>
> Basically mount -bind.
>
> : >There is really need for a good program that does it;
> : >IMHO that program should be cp.
> : 
> : rsync. That also works when you have to copy over the network. And
> : include the ssh.udeb on the image.
>
> Yes, it's doable; in fact, I used rsync.
>
> But with the various virtual file systems (/proc, /sys, /dev),
> in particular with underlying real ones (/dev), with special
> files like list+found, with access control lists etc.
> it has become very hard to do the equivalent of
>   "copy all real files with attributes to new location"
>
> I didn't say it was undoable, it's just become a PITA.

Does rsync know about attributes? I would want to include lost+found
and all the other filesystems are easily avoided by using a different
m,ount point or limiting to one filesystem. So for me that only leaves
special attributes out in the cold.

> : wodim 
>
>
> Someone pointed that out already, and I'll look into it.

At least on a normal system that works. Not sure if a rescue system
would have the right links in /dev. But if you find out that they
don't then that is something to fix after creating a wodim.udeb for
the rescue mode.

> Thanks for your comments
>
> Claus

MfG
Goswin


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Re: Etch Software RAID Upgrade Trouble & Suggested Installer Improvements

2007-01-09 Thread Claus Fischer
On Tue, Jan 09, 2007 at 09:11:57PM +0100, Goswin von Brederlow wrote:
: > 4. Netinstall image should have some packages
: >
: >I'm not sure on that ... but having grub, a
: >kernel and a modules package would have been
: >an immense help.
: 
: They used to be on there. Are you sure you have a netinst and not
: mini.iso/netboot or businesscard image?

Yes, I had. I'll take that point back; you're right.

What I would have needed, however, is a way to get to the
stage where one can install onto the target, without
overwriting the fstab or modifying the target's
partitions.

: >  - leave out lost+found
: 
: Why?

Because the lost+found directory (NOT its contents)
is quite misleading when copied to a target system that
has no 'mount boundary' there. I.e., when the source
has /tmp/lost+found, but the target has /tmp directly
on root, the source's /lost+found shouldn't be copied.

Just like e.g. the journal 'file', but that one's not
needed for the user generally so you can hide it always.

: >  - leave out /proc, /sys, the automatic /dev
: 
: use the same filesystem flag, or better see enxt comment

Not so nice for about six mounted partitions.

: >  - copy all "real" files
: >  - copy the /dev on harddisk under the mounted devfs
: >(using mount -bind or so)
: 
: Why do you have an devfs mounted? But if you do or have udev there
: then the dir is lost.

(Not fully, see mount -bind. I've tried it recently and it worked.)

: Mount the device again under a different mountpoint without any
: submounts. No devfs, no udev, no proc, no sys. Then you can just copy
: the whole thing.

Basically mount -bind.

: >There is really need for a good program that does it;
: >IMHO that program should be cp.
: 
: rsync. That also works when you have to copy over the network. And
: include the ssh.udeb on the image.

Yes, it's doable; in fact, I used rsync.

But with the various virtual file systems (/proc, /sys, /dev),
in particular with underlying real ones (/dev), with special
files like list+found, with access control lists etc.
it has become very hard to do the equivalent of
  "copy all real files with attributes to new location"

I didn't say it was undoable, it's just become a PITA.

: wodim 


Someone pointed that out already, and I'll look into it.

Thanks for your comments

Claus


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Re: Etch Software RAID Upgrade Trouble & Suggested Installer Improvements

2007-01-09 Thread Goswin von Brederlow
martin f krafft <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes:

> also sprach Roberto C. Sanchez <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> [2007.01.07.0456 +0100]:
>> Well, at the least it should scan for partitions marked as a RAID
>> and prompt the user whether or not to start the set.
>
> Other than the partition type, there's no way to do this, and
> setting the partition type is not always desirable.

Raid superblock. Why limit yourself to raid partitions anyway? Just
scan all devices. Failing to repair a raid because the partition type
got messed up would be stupid.

> Anyway, check out /usr/share/mdadm/startall, which I hope to migrate
> to the udeb after etch. Then you can just call the script and have
> all arrays assembled.

MfG
Goswin


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Re: Etch Software RAID Upgrade Trouble & Suggested Installer Improvements

2007-01-09 Thread Goswin von Brederlow
Claus Fischer <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes:

> Suggestions:
> 
>
> 1. Rescue mode needs MD devices

Try grml. I found that much more helpfull in emergencies.

> 4. Netinstall image should have some packages
>
>I'm not sure on that ... but having grub, a
>kernel and a modules package would have been
>an immense help.

They used to be on there. Are you sure you have a netinst and not
mini.iso/netboot or businesscard image?

> 7. There needs to be a command to copy all data
>
>Between cp, tar, rsync & friends there are dozens
>of variations how to copy over the files of a
>running system to another location, but none is
>perfect:
>  - leave out lost+found

Why?

>  - leave out /proc, /sys, the automatic /dev

use the same filesystem flag, or better see enxt comment

>  - copy all "real" files
>  - copy the /dev on harddisk under the mounted devfs
>(using mount -bind or so)

Why do you have an devfs mounted? But if you do or have udev there
then the dir is lost.

Mount the device again under a different mountpoint without any
submounts. No devfs, no udev, no proc, no sys. Then you can just copy
the whole thing.

>There is really need for a good program that does it;
>IMHO that program should be cp.

rsync. That also works when you have to copy over the network. And
include the ssh.udeb on the image.

> 9. cdrecord's miserable state is well known
>
>Like the majority of other Linux users, I wonder when
>  $ burn_my_iso_to_cd  /dev/cdrom
>will work as expected.

It is spelled:

wodim 

Why should I specify the burner? udev sets that already.

MfG
Goswin


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Re: Etch Software RAID Upgrade Trouble & Suggested Installer Improvements

2007-01-09 Thread martin f krafft
also sprach Russell Coker <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> [2007.01.08.2236 +0100]:
> Where do I find this mdassemble?  A grep of Contents-i386.gz gives:
> usr/bin/mdassembler devel/monodoc-base

It's not yet packaged but part of the mdadm source package.

> mdassemble would be good, but having it linked to busybox would be
> better.  Having dynamically linked binaries in the initramfs
> causes a lot of disk space to be used by libc.  Having two
> statically linked binaries means two copies of common libc code
> (EG printf).

I am not entirely convinced that space gain warrants the risk of
maintaining separate copies of critical code like RAID assembly. If
a bug was found in mdadm's assembly, the fix would have to make it
to busybox as well, which is extra coordination. This is not so much
the case for the other tools busybox implements.

I am not a huge fan of all-in-one solutions, and I see space not to
be a concern really. If you have to watch out for every kilobyte,
you're unlikely going to be using standard Debian kernels with
initramfs anyway. And on a rescue CD or image, an extra megabyte
likely doesn't hurt.

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Re: Etch Software RAID Upgrade Trouble & Suggested Installer Improvements

2007-01-09 Thread martin f krafft
also sprach Russell Coker <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> [2007.01.08.2239 +0100]:
> Sure, there is a RAID superblock that can be used for such things.  However 
> doing so without a partition type is a little more risky.  A common practice 
> on PC hardware is to change the partition type to prevent the system boot 
> process from automatically activating a RAID set.

... which will only happen if you have md compiled into the kernel.
If you use modules, the kernel never starts arrays unless mdadm
tells it to.

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Re: Etch Software RAID Upgrade Trouble & Suggested Installer Improvements

2007-01-08 Thread Russell Coker
On Monday 08 January 2007 20:57, martin f krafft <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> also sprach Russell Coker <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> [2007.01.08.0007 +0100]:
> > Is there any technical reason why busybox could not have such
> > functionality?  If not I'll file a bug report (and I'll write the
> > code if I ever have spare time).
>
> Why busybox and not just mdassemble, which is a stripped version of
> mdadm?

Where do I find this mdassemble?  A grep of Contents-i386.gz gives:
usr/bin/mdassembler devel/monodoc-base

I doubt that is what you refer to.

mdassemble would be good, but having it linked to busybox would be better.  
Having dynamically linked binaries in the initramfs causes a lot of disk 
space to be used by libc.  Having two statically linked binaries means two 
copies of common libc code (EG printf).

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Re: Etch Software RAID Upgrade Trouble & Suggested Installer Improvements

2007-01-08 Thread Russell Coker
On Tuesday 09 January 2007 00:36, "Roberto C. Sanchez" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> 
wrote:
> > Are there any platforms other than i386, AMD64, and IA64 that support the
> > partition type number?
>
> Not sure.  Is there not some magic number associated with different
> partition types?  I don't mean like you find on the standard PC hard
> drive partition table.  I mean by looking at the first few bytes of the
> partition.  Something similar to looking at the first few bytes of a
> file to identify its MIME type.

Sure, there is a RAID superblock that can be used for such things.  However 
doing so without a partition type is a little more risky.  A common practice 
on PC hardware is to change the partition type to prevent the system boot 
process from automatically activating a RAID set.

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Re: Etch Software RAID Upgrade Trouble & Suggested Installer Improvements

2007-01-08 Thread Anthony DeRobertis
Alexey Feldgendler wrote:
>
> cp -avx --preserve=all 1/* 2  # rsync will do as well 

Of course, 1/* misses any dot-files in 1.


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Re: Etch Software RAID Upgrade Trouble & Suggested Installer Improvements

2007-01-08 Thread Claus Fischer

Russel Coker spoke:
: >The rescue mode of the installer needs a step
: >to activate MD devices. Currently, only the plain
: >disk partitions are visible; that's no help.
: 
: Sounds like a reasonable request.  Filed a bug report?
: 
: Note that it has to be an optional measure.


I will, also for the other packages you have indicated.


Martin F. Krafft said:
: > Well, at the least it should scan for partitions marked as a RAID
: > and prompt the user whether or not to start the set.
: 
: Other than the partition type, there's no way to do this, and
: setting the partition type is not always desirable.
: 
: Anyway, check out /usr/share/mdadm/startall, which I hope to migrate
: to the udeb after etch. Then you can just call the script and have
: all arrays assembled.


I didn't think that in a recovery situation RAID assembly could
be damaging ... that obviously complicates matters.

I was thinking in the line of the rescue disks that were offered
years ago by Linux distributions, that could be configured to
load a kernel and mount the root file system on disk, thereby
sidestepping the Bermuda triangle of boot loader/kernel/initrd.
That's what I would have needed here.

Anyway, I was already hosed when there were no md devices in
/dev (and I didn't know the majors/minors to mknod them).


Kurt Roeckx enlightened
(after Roberto C. Sanchez' minimal art):
: > Well, at the least it should scan for partitions marked as a RAID
: > and
: > prompt the user whether or not to start the set.
: 
: You basicly have to start the software raid configuration tool, and
: then
: press finish.  After that it will see the drives.  I've filed a bug
: about this some time ago:
: http://bugs.debian.org/391474

I think that's exactly what I was looking for, except I wasn't
aware of that.



Thanks everybody, it looks like there is a good chance that the
next installers will handle this situation better.


Claus

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Re: Etch Software RAID Upgrade Trouble & Suggested Installer Improvements

2007-01-08 Thread Claus Fischer
On Mon, Jan 08, 2007 at 03:26:21AM -0600, Peter Samuelson wrote:
: 
: [Claus Fischer]
: > 9. cdrecord's miserable state is well known
: > 
: >Like the majority of other Linux users, I wonder when
: >  $ burn_my_iso_to_cd  /dev/cdrom
: >will work as expected.
: 
: Hmmm.
: 
:   $ wodim filename.iso

Thanks a lot. I'm in the cdrom group and I can certainly set a link
or specify a device. So that should work for me; I'll try asap.

Claus



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Re: Etch Software RAID Upgrade Trouble & Suggested Installer Improvements

2007-01-08 Thread Gunnar Wolf
Russell Coker dijo [Mon, Jan 08, 2007 at 10:07:12AM +1100]:
> > Other than the partition type, there's no way to do this, and
> > setting the partition type is not always desirable.
> 
> It's not always possible on other architectures.  What do you do on a 
> platform 
> that supports the BSD disk label and has no type number?
> 
> Are there any platforms other than i386, AMD64, and IA64 that support the 
> partition type number?

Well, remember the disk with a strange partition does not need to be
the boot disk. Even more if using the installer disk as rescue media,
I really appreciate the ability of plugging some spare disks in a well
supported system and being able to recover a dead system.

Greetings,

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Re: Etch Software RAID Upgrade Trouble & Suggested Installer Improvements

2007-01-08 Thread Roberto C. Sanchez
On Mon, Jan 08, 2007 at 10:07:12AM +1100, Russell Coker wrote:
> 
> It's not always possible on other architectures.  What do you do on a 
> platform 
> that supports the BSD disk label and has no type number?
> 
> Are there any platforms other than i386, AMD64, and IA64 that support the 
> partition type number?
> 
Not sure.  Is there not some magic number associated with different
partition types?  I don't mean like you find on the standard PC hard
drive partition table.  I mean by looking at the first few bytes of the
partition.  Something similar to looking at the first few bytes of a
file to identify its MIME type.

Regards,

-Roberto

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Re: Etch Software RAID Upgrade Trouble & Suggested Installer Improvements

2007-01-08 Thread martin f krafft
also sprach Russell Coker <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> [2007.01.08.0007 +0100]:
> Is there any technical reason why busybox could not have such
> functionality?  If not I'll file a bug report (and I'll write the
> code if I ever have spare time).

Why busybox and not just mdassemble, which is a stripped version of
mdadm?

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Re: Etch Software RAID Upgrade Trouble & Suggested Installer Improvements

2007-01-08 Thread Peter Samuelson

[Claus Fischer]
> 9. cdrecord's miserable state is well known
> 
>Like the majority of other Linux users, I wonder when
>  $ burn_my_iso_to_cd  /dev/cdrom
>will work as expected.

Hmmm.

  $ wodim filename.iso

works for most situations.  But:

1) You must be root, or a member of the 'cdrom' group.

   Use 'adduser yourusername cdrom' to define the group membership,
   users allowed to talk directly to the CD drives.  (Note also,
   changes in group membership only take effect at login time.)

2) You have a /dev/cdrw symlink to your CD writer device.

   I'm not certain whether that symlink is set up automatically by
   udev, as I don't use udev.  If you want to use a different default
   device than /dev/cdrw, see /etc/wodim.conf.


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Re: Etch Software RAID Upgrade Trouble & Suggested Installer Improvements

2007-01-07 Thread Russell Coker
On Sunday 07 January 2007 22:15, martin f krafft <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> also sprach Roberto C. Sanchez <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> [2007.01.07.0456 
+0100]:
> > Well, at the least it should scan for partitions marked as a RAID
> > and prompt the user whether or not to start the set.
>
> Other than the partition type, there's no way to do this, and
> setting the partition type is not always desirable.

It's not always possible on other architectures.  What do you do on a platform 
that supports the BSD disk label and has no type number?

Are there any platforms other than i386, AMD64, and IA64 that support the 
partition type number?

> Anyway, check out /usr/share/mdadm/startall, which I hope to migrate
> to the udeb after etch. Then you can just call the script and have
> all arrays assembled.

It would be nice if we had this in busybox.  Not only would it be good for the 
situation we are discussing, but it would also allow reducing the size of the 
initramfs on a system that has root on a RAID-1.

Is there any technical reason why busybox could not have such functionality?  
If not I'll file a bug report (and I'll write the code if I ever have spare 
time).

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Re: Etch Software RAID Upgrade Trouble & Suggested Installer Improvements

2007-01-07 Thread martin f krafft
also sprach Eduard Bloch <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> [2007.01.07.1225 +0100]:
> Great to know that later but please think about the first user
> impression. This script needs to be documented well and/or be in
> the path with a sane name so it could easily be found.

Patches welcome. :)

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Re: Etch Software RAID Upgrade Trouble & Suggested Installer Improvements

2007-01-07 Thread Eduard Bloch
#include 
* martin f krafft [Sun, Jan 07 2007, 12:15:59PM]:
> also sprach Roberto C. Sanchez <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> [2007.01.07.0456 +0100]:
> > Well, at the least it should scan for partitions marked as a RAID
> > and prompt the user whether or not to start the set.
> 
> Other than the partition type, there's no way to do this, and
> setting the partition type is not always desirable.
> 
> Anyway, check out /usr/share/mdadm/startall, which I hope to migrate
> to the udeb after etch. Then you can just call the script and have
> all arrays assembled.

Great to know that later but please think about the first user
impression. This script needs to be documented well and/or be in the
path with a sane name so it could easily be found.

Eduard.

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Re: Etch Software RAID Upgrade Trouble & Suggested Installer Improvements

2007-01-07 Thread Kurt Roeckx
On Sat, Jan 06, 2007 at 10:56:33PM -0500, Roberto C. Sanchez wrote:
> On Sun, Jan 07, 2007 at 01:25:31PM +1100, Russell Coker wrote:
> > On Saturday 06 January 2007 18:35, Claus Fischer 
> > <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> > > 1. Rescue mode needs MD devices
> > >
> > >The rescue mode of the installer needs a step
> > >to activate MD devices. Currently, only the plain
> > >disk partitions are visible; that's no help.
> > 
> > Sounds like a reasonable request.  Filed a bug report?
> > 
> > Note that it has to be an optional measure.
> > 
> Well, at the least it should scan for partitions marked as a RAID and
> prompt the user whether or not to start the set.

You basicly have to start the software raid configuration tool, and then
press finish.  After that it will see the drives.  I've filed a bug
about this some time ago:
http://bugs.debian.org/391474


Kurt


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Re: Etch Software RAID Upgrade Trouble & Suggested Installer Improvements

2007-01-07 Thread martin f krafft
also sprach Roberto C. Sanchez <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> [2007.01.07.0456 +0100]:
> Well, at the least it should scan for partitions marked as a RAID
> and prompt the user whether or not to start the set.

Other than the partition type, there's no way to do this, and
setting the partition type is not always desirable.

Anyway, check out /usr/share/mdadm/startall, which I hope to migrate
to the udeb after etch. Then you can just call the script and have
all arrays assembled.

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Re: Etch Software RAID Upgrade Trouble & Suggested Installer Improvements

2007-01-07 Thread Russell Coker
On Sunday 07 January 2007 14:56, "Roberto C. Sanchez" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> 
wrote:
> > >The rescue mode of the installer needs a step
> > >to activate MD devices. Currently, only the plain
> > >disk partitions are visible; that's no help.
> >
> > Sounds like a reasonable request.  Filed a bug report?
> >
> > Note that it has to be an optional measure.
>
> Well, at the least it should scan for partitions marked as a RAID and
> prompt the user whether or not to start the set.

That sounds reasonable.  Just as long as it doesn't automatically start the 
RAID.  For a "recovery" situation it is not unreasonable to expect that the 
disk with the important one is the disk with the oldest RAID serial number...

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Re: Etch Software RAID Upgrade Trouble & Suggested Installer Improvements

2007-01-06 Thread Roberto C. Sanchez
On Sun, Jan 07, 2007 at 01:25:31PM +1100, Russell Coker wrote:
> On Saturday 06 January 2007 18:35, Claus Fischer 
> <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> > 1. Rescue mode needs MD devices
> >
> >The rescue mode of the installer needs a step
> >to activate MD devices. Currently, only the plain
> >disk partitions are visible; that's no help.
> 
> Sounds like a reasonable request.  Filed a bug report?
> 
> Note that it has to be an optional measure.
> 
Well, at the least it should scan for partitions marked as a RAID and
prompt the user whether or not to start the set.

Regards,

-Roberto

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Re: Etch Software RAID Upgrade Trouble & Suggested Installer Improvements

2007-01-06 Thread Russell Coker
On Saturday 06 January 2007 18:35, Claus Fischer 
<[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> 1. Rescue mode needs MD devices
>
>The rescue mode of the installer needs a step
>to activate MD devices. Currently, only the plain
>disk partitions are visible; that's no help.

Sounds like a reasonable request.  Filed a bug report?

Note that it has to be an optional measure.

> 2. Netinstall image needs a ping

Makes sense too, busybox has a ping command.

> 3. Netinstall's ifconfig needs to set MAC address
>
>The ifconfig on the netinstall image (from busybox)
>does not allow to set the hardware ethernet address.
>In some scenarios this is important and necessary.

A bug report against busybox would be good for this.

On Sunday 07 January 2007 01:00, Adrian von Bidder <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> 
wrote:
> > 7. There needs to be a command to copy all data
>
> I've wished for full acl support in tar for a long time...  At least rsync
> is now getting it.  (OT for this thread.  Still: anybody knows an archiver
> that properly handles POSIX acls?)

star -xattr -H=exustar

The above should work if you install star.  Note that I have only tested it 
for SE Linux security contexts, but the same interface is used.

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Re: Etch Software RAID Upgrade Trouble & Suggested Installer Improvements

2007-01-06 Thread Adrian von Bidder
Yo!

Having some rescue tools available in the installer medium is nice, but I 
usually prefer to use some full live CD system (Knoppix in my case) for the 
more involved rescue operations.  (Especially since I usually download the 
businesscard ISO to install - and limiting what's being shipped is really 
the idea behind that ISO...)

That said, many of your points are still valid.  I'm not involved in the 
installer, but at least
> 2. Netinstall image needs a ping
> 3. Netinstall's ifconfig needs to set MAC address
are probably trivial to implement and don't cost much space.

> 7. There needs to be a command to copy all data
I've wished for full acl support in tar for a long time...  At least rsync 
is now getting it.  (OT for this thread.  Still: anybody knows an archiver 
that properly handles POSIX acls?)

chers
-- vbi

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Re: Etch Software RAID Upgrade Trouble & Suggested Installer Improvements

2007-01-06 Thread Alexey Feldgendler
On Sat, 06 Jan 2007 08:35:59 +0100, Claus Fischer  
<[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:



7. There needs to be a command to copy all data

   Between cp, tar, rsync & friends there are dozens
   of variations how to copy over the files of a
   running system to another location, but none is
   perfect:
 - leave out lost+found
 - leave out /proc, /sys, the automatic /dev
 - copy all "real" files
 - copy the /dev on harddisk under the mounted devfs
   (using mount -bind or so)
   There is really need for a good program that does it;
   IMHO that program should be cp.


Here's how I do it:

mkdir 1 2
mount -o ro /dev/hda1 1   # Despite it's already mounted somewhere
mount /dev/hdb1 2
cp -avx --preserve=all 1/* 2  # rsync will do as well
umount 2
umount 1


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