Both ICU4C and ICU4J include their own copy of the tzdata in a more
usable format. Since the existing POSIX and Linux APIs insufficiently
expose all of the timezone data, and because the CLDR metazone
information is tightly bound to a version of the timezone data, ICU
can't use the system tzdata.  Also ICU is a cross platform library, and
not all operating system use the same type of timezone data. This is a
common problem for environments that want to detect and use all the
rules for the timezone data, like Java, vmware, ICU and others.  There
is no way to reliably get access to the Olson timezone ID.

ICU already provides instructions for updating the timezone data, and
those instructions are located here: http://www.icu-
project.org/userguide/dateTimezone.html#tzupdate

I recommend using a similar approach to what Apple and other operating
system vendors do with ICU and its timezone data.  This basically means
using the --with-data-packaging=archive configure option, and defining
the ICU_DATA_DIR macro in CPPFLAGS before configuring ICU.  Defining a
default value for ICU_DATA_DIR allows ICU to find its data. An example
can be found on Apple's web site:
http://www.opensource.apple.com/darwinsource/Current/ICU-8.11.1/makefile

ICU's User Guide also provides more detailed information about managing
ICU's data, if you're interested.  http://www.icu-
project.org/userguide/icudata.html

If you have further questions, the people on the icu-support mailing list might 
be able to help.
http://www.icu-project.org/contacts.html

-- 
timezone data is duplicated over at least three packages in main
https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/41159
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