[ECOLOG-L] Insecticide Decimates Tadpole Populations Through the Food Chain
September 29, 2008 Contact: Morgan Kelly [412-624-4356 (office); 412-897-1400 (cell); [EMAIL PROTECTED] Pitt Research Shows That Low Concentrations of Common Insecticide Can Decimate Tadpole Populations Through the Food Chain Insecticide malathion initiates chain reaction that deprives tadpoles of food source, indirectly killing them at doses too small to kill them directly PITTSBURGHThe latest findings of a University of Pittsburgh-based project to determine the environmental impact of routine pesticide use suggests that malathionthe most popular insecticide in the United Statescan decimate tadpole populations by altering their food chain, according to research published in the Oct. 1 edition of Ecological Applications. Gradual amounts of malathion that were too small to directly kill developing leopard frog tadpoles instead sparked a biological chain of events that deprived them of their primary food source. As a result, nearly half the tadpoles in the experiment did not reach maturity and would have died in nature. The research was funded by a National Science Foundation grant. The results build on a nine-year effort by study author Rick Relyea, an associate professor of biological sciences in Pitts School of Arts and Sciences, to investigate whether there is a link between pesticides and the global decline in amphibians, which are considered an environmental indicator species because of their sensitivity to pollutants. Their deaths may foreshadow the poisoning of other, less environmentally sensitive speciesincluding humans. Relyea published papers in 2005 in Ecological Applications suggesting that the popular weed-killer Roundup® is extremely lethal to amphibians in concentrations found in the environment. For his current research, Relyea and the studys coauthor, Pitt alumnus Nicole Diecks (CGS 05), created simulated ponds from 300-gallon outdoor tanks containing wood frog and leopard frog tadpoles. They exposed the ponds to no malathion, moderate concentrations in a single dose, or low concentrations in weekly doses that mirror the levels tadpoles experience in nature. Malathion is commonly used worldwide to thwart crop pests and control mosquitoes that carry malaria and West Nile virus. It has been detected in the wetlands where frogs and other amphibians live. The doses of malathion in the simulated ponds were too low to directly kill the amphibians, but instead wiped out tiny animals known as zooplankton that eat algae that float in the water. With few zooplankton remaining, the algae, known as phytoplankton, grew rapidly and prevented sunlight from reaching the bottom-dwelling algae, or periphyton, which tadpoles eat. This chain of events occurred over a period of several weeks. The wood frog tadpoles, which mature quickly, were largely unaffected. Leopard frog tadpoles, on the other hand, require more time to develop into frogs and experienced slower growth as a result of the reduced amount of periphyton. Ultimately, 43 percent of the leopard frog tadpoles did not mature as a result of the repeated application of malathion at very low concentrations. Relyea reported that the multiple low doses were a greater detriment than the single dose, which had a concentration 25-times higher than the multiple applications combined. The single doses also wiped out the zooplankton, but they eventually recovered and the pond reverted back to its original state. The repeated doses prevented the zooplankton from recovering. The chain of events caused by malathion deprived a large fraction of the leopard frog tadpoles of the nutrients they needed to metamorphose into adult frogs, Relyea said. Repeated applications sustained that disruption of the tadpoles food supply. So, even concentrations that cannot directly kill tadpoles can indirectly kill them in large numbers. The research results should apply to several other insecticides that are highly lethal to zooplankton, including carbaryl, diazinon, endosulfan, esfenvalerate, and pyridaben, Relyea said. All of these chemicals are toxic to humans as well and are commonly used in the United States, although some are banned in other countries. The effect of insecticides and other pesticides on amphibians are not widely known because current regulations from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency do not require amphibian testing. The EPA also relies on single-species tests to assess a pesticides risk and does not account for potential indirect repercussions. The indirect impacts on the amphibians observed in this study could not be observed in traditional, single-species tests, Relyea said. These results demonstrate that we need to take a much broader view of the consequences pesticides might have in our world. Leopard and wood frogs naturally range across North America, including Pennsylvania and the Northeastern United States. Once plentiful, leopard frogs have declined in recent years. The journal Ecological
Re: [ECOLOG-L] DoD SMART fellowships
Dear list, I found this scholarship description mildly misleading, so I have appended (after the original post) a piece of their website which clarifies the meaning of Post-Graduation Career Opportunities. The word opportunity would be better replaced by binding commitment in describing this scholarship. Best, Krzysztof -- Krzysztof Sakrejda-Leavitt Organismic and Evolutionary Biology University of Massachusetts, Amherst 319 Morrill Science Center South 611 N. Pleasant Street Amherst, MA 01003 work (cell): 413-325-6555 email: [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- The Science, Mathematics And Research for Transformation (SMART) Scholarship for Service Program has been established by the Department of Defense (DoD) to support undergraduate and graduate students pursuing degrees in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) disciplines. The program aims to increase the number of civilian scientists and engineers working at DoD laboratories. SMART Scholars Receive: * Cash award paid at a rate of $25,000 - $41,000 per year depending on prior educational experience * Full tuition and related education expenses * Health Insurance * Book allowance * Summer Internships (multi-year participants) * Post-Graduation Career Opportunities * For more information, or to apply, see http://www.asee.org/fellowships/smart/. Application deadline is December 15, 2008 Frequently Asked Questions Post-Graduation Employment What happens if I don't want to work for the service I have been sponsored by? Participants are required to complete the internship and post-graduation service with the SSO. Participants are notified of the identity and location of their SSO at the time of award and are responsible for contacting their SSO prior to accepting the award to ensure they are compatible with the organization. Requests for alternative placement of a Participant for completion of the post-graduation service must originate with the SSO or Sponsoring Service. Can the post-graduation employment period be deferred? No, awardees are expected to begin fulfillment of the post-graduation employment period immediately upon graduation. Will I get to choose the organization I will work for after graduation? On the application, Participants have the opportunity to indicate their top five choices of DoD organizations by which they would like to be sponsored. Participant preference will be considered; however, placement with a Sponsoring Service Organization (SSO) will be determined by the needs of the DoD. Generally, Participants complete their post-graduation service with their SSO. Participants are notified of the identity and location of their SSO at the time of award and are expected to complete the post-graduation service with the SSO. Participants are responsible for contacting their SSO prior to accepting the award to ensure they are compatible with the organization. In rare cases, a SSO may determine that the Participant’s skills and the organization’s needs is not a good fit and/or the needs of the organization have changed such that the anticipated need no longer exists. In such a case, the SMART Program Office will work first with the SSO and Sponsoring Service to locate alternate placement within the Sponsoring Service. If alternate placement within the Sponsoring Service cannot be found, the SMART Program Office will contact other participating DoD organizations to locate placement options. If no option can be found, the case will be referred to the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) which will determine whether the Participant’s post-graduation service commitment will be waived. Requests for alternative placement of a Participant for completion of the post-graduation service must originate with the SSO or Sponsoring Service.
[ECOLOG-L] Second Notice - SWS Diversity Program: 2009 Undergraduate Mentoring Awards
The Society of Wetland Scientists (SWS) announces the availability of undergraduate student awards for travel to attend the annual SWS meeting – June 22-26, 2009 in Madison, Wisconsin. The SWS is committed to increasing diversity in its membership and is offering full travel awards and mentoring at the meeting for undergraduate students from underrepresented groups (see application form for eligible groups). These awards are supported by the National Science Foundation and several SWS Chapters (Mid-Atlantic, South Atlantic, North Central, Western, and Pacific Northwest). The areas of interest of the student participants range from freshwater to marine and involve a wide variety of organism types. Undergraduate participants must be citizens or permanent residents of the United States or its possessions. An undergraduate student is a student who is enrolled in a degree program (part-time or full-time) leading to a baccalaureate or associates degree. Students who are transferring from one institution to another and are enrolled at neither institution during the intervening summer may participate. Spring 2009 graduates are eligible as well. Application materials and additional information are available from Dr. Frank P. Day, Old Dominion University ([EMAIL PROTECTED]). Application deadline is November 28, 2008.
Re: [ECOLOG-L] Invasion biology reading
Date: Wed, 1 Oct 2008 11:49:36 -0400 From: Peter W. Houlihan [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: Summary: Undergrad Class in Biodiversity I do not recommend using: Theodoropoulos, David I. Invasion Biology: Critique of a Pseudoscience. It does not provide an unbiased view of the field and reads like a polemic. Actually, my own reading of Theodoropoulos' book was that he was attacking the polemic views that refuse to see invasions as anything other than evil. In point of fact, the Nazis did extirpate all non-native organisms from their Fatherland, from plant to human. Theodoropoulos makes sound arguments, and I have heard from other authors that introduced species do largely and ultimately benefit biodiversity. The number of species that become invasive after introduction to a new range is a mere fraction of the total number of introduced species. Also, why is it bad if a human introduces a species to a new habitat, but it's just fine when, for instance, flocks of migratory geese bring microscopic zebra mussels to a new waterbody? This is the emotionalism that Theodoropoulos is arguing against. I disagree with Mr. Houlihan; Critique would be a valuable source of discussion for your class. Science is about objectivity (as much as we can manage, since we are always, inevitably, part of our own observations and biases), so take every book you read with a grain of salt and a heavy swig of history. Kelly Stettner Black River Action Team (BRAT) 45 Coolidge Road Springfield, VT 05156 [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://www.blackriveractionteam.org ~Making ripples on the Black River since 2000! ~
[ECOLOG-L] MS and PhD assistantships, Michigan Tech
M.S. and Ph.D. student positions will be available in my new group at Michigan Technological University starting in fall 2009: M.S. Teaching Assistantship in Environmental Policy: Assessment of sustainability indices. This project will review the plethora of sustainability indices in use at several scales, investigate their strengths and weaknesses, and identify sets of indices which can be used most effectively by governments and organizations to reach sustainability targets. Students interested in this project should be comfortable with statistics and large datasets; those with previous statistical and database management experience will have an advantage. Ph.D. Research Assistantship in Forest Science: Ecological effectiveness of economic incentive policies for sustainable management of privately owned forests. This project will examine the social, economic, and ecological dimensions of private forests which determine how existing incentive policies could be used to maximize biodiversity conservation, biofuel and timber production, and recreation opportunities, at the local to regional scale. Students interested in this project do not need experience in all three dimensions, however they should have a strong background and interest in at least two of them. Previous experience with field work in forests, survey work of landowners, and GIS software is desirable. Both positions start in late August 2009. The application deadline for the Environmental Policy program is 1 March 2009, and 1 May 2009 for the Forest Ecology/Science program. More information is available at the relevant websites: Environmental Policy program http://www.ss.mtu.edu/EP/applying.html; Forest Ecology/Science programs http://forest.mtu.edu/gradstudies/admission.htm. Applicants must love snow!! Please note that application materials must be sent directly to the relevant department. However, I strongly encourage interested applicants to contact me for more information: Audrey Mayer ([EMAIL PROTECTED]), http://www.social.mtu.edu/people/almayer.htm -- Audrey L. Mayer, Ph.D., Docent Environmental Science and Policy Faculty of Biosciences P.O. Box 27 (Latokartanonkaari 3) 00014 University of Helsinki FINLAND Tel: +358 9 191 57908, Fax: +358 9 191 58462 Mobile: +358 40 818 3502 Email: audrey.mayer[at]helsinki.fi
[ECOLOG-L] FSU Graduate Assistantship- Estuarine/Coastal Ecology
I am seeking a motivated student to fill a M.S. Graduate Assistantship in the Department of Oceanography at Florida State University (www.ocean.fsu.edu). The position will be available beginning in either Summer or Fall, 2009. A research project will be developed in the framework of one of the following research themes; 1) storm impacts on estuarine/coastal phytoplankton dynamics and food web interactions, 2) the ecological and biogeochemical role of transparent exopolymer particles in estuaries, or 3) the impact of climate and/or anthropogenic change on estuarine phytoplankton and food web structure. Interested students should have a background in marine science and/or ecology, and strong quantitative skills. The assistantship will have an excellent stipend relative to the cost-of-living, and will also have full tuition remission. Funds are in place to cover research expenses. Florida State University is located in the city of Tallahassee, where cost- of-living is inexpensive and ample opportunities exist for cultural/artistic and outdoor activities. The University has a distinguished and rapidly expanding marine laboratory located about 45 minutes to the south of Tallahassee, and the Apalachicola Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve is located about 1 hour west. For more information, or to be considered for the position, please email Dr. Mike Wetz at [EMAIL PROTECTED] by October 21st.
[ECOLOG-L] Graduate positions (MS or PhD) available at Fordham University / NYBG / WCS
Graduate Fellowships in Ecology and Conservation - Fall 2009 The Graduate Ecology program at Fordham University has new research opportunities and both teaching and research fellowships available for well-qualified students interested in pursuing a M.S. or Ph.D. in Fall 2009. We have research opportunities through our expanded graduate program, which links scientists at our main campus, the Louis Calder Center Biological Station, the New York Botanical Garden, and the Wildlife Conservation Society. Accepted MS and PhD candidates could receive stipends in the range of $26,000 to $27,000 per year, plus full tuition remission. Students may work in many areas of ecology, evolution, and systematics, as well as applied areas such as conservation of endangered species, urbanization effects on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and responses of plants and animals to climate change. Specific research areas of our faculty include: - Anthropogenic and disturbance-related effects on nutrient dynamics - Biodiversity, biogeography, and ecology of freshwater algae - Ectomychorrhizal fungal communities and nutrient availability - Effects of climate change on hibernation and survival of mammals - Experimental evolution of bacterial symbionts - Ecology and epidemiology of vector-borne diseases - Evolution of animal social behavior - Evolution of herbivory defense in invasive plants - Freshwater food webs in streams and rivers - Fungal community structure and ecosystem processes - Landscape ecology and spatial distribution of disease vectors - Nutritional and biochemical adaptations to seasonally cold environments - Using molecular tools to measure disease transmission in wild populations Interested students should contact relevant faculty members or research scientists to discuss mutual research interests via the following websites. Graduate Ecology program at Fordham University: http://www.fordham.edu/calder_center/calder-center/ecolgradprog.html Opportunities at the New York Botanical Garden: http://sciweb.nybg.org/science2/GraduateStudies.asp Opportunities the Wildlife Conservation Society: http://www.wcs.org/ Louis Calder Biological Field Station: http://www.fordham.edu/calder_center The deadline for applications is January 5, 2009, and application fees will be waived if application is completed between Oct. 1 and Nov. 15, 2009. Online applications are available from: http://www.fordham.edu/gsas For any questions, feel free to contact Amy R. Tuininga by email: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[ECOLOG-L] Assistant Professor: Human Dimensions of Global Change
WEST VIRGINIA, MORGANTOWN 26506-6300. The Department of Geology and Geography at West Virginia University invites applications for a tenure-track assistant professor position in Human Geography with an emphasis on development, globalization, or human dimensions of global change to begin August 16, 2009. A Ph.D. in Geography or closely related discipline is required at time of appointment. Evidence is required of a commitment to excellence in teaching and scholarship and the successful applicants must demonstrate an ability to obtain competitively based external funding. WVU is a comprehensive land grant university and is designated by the Carnegie Commission on Higher Education as a Research - High Activity Institution. The department is located in a dedicated building which opened in 2007. The building has state of the art teaching and research laboratories, including the West Virginia GIS Technical Center and a CAVE virtual environment laboratory (www.geo.wvu.edu). Opportunities exist to interact with major federal and state institutes and research centers located on campus and in Morgantown (e.g., Regional Research Institute, NRCS, NASA, USFS, DOE, and NIOSH). The Department has masters and doctoral programs in Geography and Geology and undergraduate degrees in Geography, Geology, and Environmental Geoscience. Morgantown is located in the Allegheny Mountains with access to outstanding natural recreation areas. WVU is an affirmative action, equal opportunity employer and strongly encourages applications from women, minority, and disadvantaged candidates. The review of applications will begin December 1, 2008 and continue until the position is filled. Applicants should submit resume, statement of interest, and the names and contact information of three referees to Dr. Ann M. Oberhauser, Search Committee Chair, Department of Geology and Geography, 330 Brooks Hall, PO Box 6300, voice: (304) 293-2249, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[ECOLOG-L] Research Technician Position - University of Arizona
Research Technician Position - University of Arizona The Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology seeks a research technician to participate in a study that addresses the effects of climate change, nitrogen deposition, and plant invasions on an arid ecosystem. The study encompasses plant community ecology, plant physiological ecology and related areas. The focus is on plant communities in Arizona desert landscapes with particular attention to the San Simon Valley and the recent irruption of an introduced species. The work for the technician will involve both field work at a beautiful remote location and laboratory work on campus. The successful applicant will coordinate with and assist postdoctoral fellows and graduate students associated with the project. Duties and responsibilities include maintaining a laboratory and its equipment, running growth chamber experiments, extracting and identifying seeds from soil samples, managing data, assembling information from the literature, supervising undergraduate helpers, and other duties associated with ecological research. The successful applicant should also be prepared to drive to and camp at the field site with a research team for periods of up to a week at a time if needed. Field duties also include setting up and maintaining field experiments, collecting observational data and samples of soil and plants, and maintaining equipment at the site. The successful applicant must be able to work independently and have superior skill in developing and maintaining good working relationships in a team. Preferred qualifications include a BS in Biology or Ecology, skills in plant identification, laboratory techniques, computer software and data analysis, and the ability to manage a field team and endure extended field work in a remote location. Essential requirements are a strong work ethic, the ability to solve problems and make decisions, and the ability to communicate effectively. The position is available as early as October 2008, and is for one year initially, with possible extension for up to three years, depending on performance and funding. Salary range is $22,602 - $28,144 depending on experience and includes benefits. To apply, go to http://www.uacareertrack.com, job number 41352. Contact Dr. Danielle Ignace at [EMAIL PROTECTED] for more information.
[ECOLOG-L] Job: RA, forest ecologist/silviculturist, Oregon
DEPARTMENT OF FOREST ECOSYSTEMS AND SOCIETY 321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-5752 Tel: 541-737-2244; Fax 541-737-1393 FACULTY RESEARCH ASSISTANT Forest Ecologist/Silviculturist Posting Number 0003351 Location: Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon Earliest Starting Date: December 1, 2008 Application Closing Date: For full consideration apply by November 1, 2008. Responsibilities: Work with the Oregon Department of Forestry's (ODF) Stand Level Inventory (SLI) database to develop alternative stand type classification systems that utilize the full suite of overstory and understory vegetation data. Investigate impacts of silvicultural activities such as thinning on stand dynamics. Organize and take tree and understory vegetation measurements of gap studies in the Oregon Coast Range. Analyze and interpret tree and understory vegetation data and report findings in appropriate outlets. Maintain other ongoing field studies in cooperation with ODF personnel. Overnight travel required. Required Qualifications: M.S. in Forestry or related discipline. Demonstrated experience in forestry, especially in silvicultural applications. Familiarity with experimental design and implementation, basic forest mensurational tools and techniques, and flora of western Oregon and/or ability to utilize taxonomic keys. Experience with database setup and management, statistical analysis (including non-parametric analysis) and programs (preferably SAS, PC-ORD), and interpretation of ecological data sets. Ability to communicate results in the form of presentations, progress reports, and publications. Ability to work independently and in teams, supervise field crews, and work in strenuous conditions (i.e., steep slopes, inclement weather, etc.). Desirable Qualification: Familiarity with ecological conditions and silvicultural principles in the Pacific Northwest is desirable. Understanding of management approaches by state agencies is a plus. Preferred qualifications include a demonstrable commitment to promoting and enhancing forest stand diversity. Employment Conditions: Full-time (1.0 FTE), fixed-term 12-month faculty position. Re-appointment is at the discretion of the Dean. Full-time annual salary is $37,008 to $40,008 depending on education and experience. Medical, dental, and life insurance available; staff tuition privileges for employee or a dependent at an Oregon University System school (restrictions apply); annual leave and sick leave. For More Information: Contact Klaus Puettmann, Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, 313 Richardson Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331-5752; phone: 541-737-8974; fax: 541-737-1393; email: [EMAIL PROTECTED] For questions on the application process, contact Jeannette Harper at [EMAIL PROTECTED], or by phone at 541-737-6554. Application procedure: Qualified applicants are required to upload the following documents: curriculum vitae; letter summarizing qualifications for this position; two letters of reference; and official or unofficial transcripts of your college or university coursework. If the transcripts are too large to upload you may mail or email them. If mailed, send to Jeannette Harper, Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, 321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331-5752 or email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] (http://oregonstate.edu/jobs/). Posting #0003351 For full consideration you must apply by November 1, 2008. Oregon State University is an Affirmative Action/Equal Opportunity Employer
Re: [ECOLOG-L] Invasion biology reading
Hi, Peter, thanks for the reply! You're right, just because the Nazis did something it is bad. That would be a blanket statement. I'm saying that trying to exterminate any non-native is not only a practice usually based on fear but is often an effort in futility. Now, if we accept that an introduced species is causing damage to something of value, let's be honest about that and look at possible management of the newcomer. And, no, zebra mussels aren't 'hunky dory' just because a duck dropped some...you picked up on that, as well. I'd be extremely surprised if human introductions actually outnumbered 'natural' ones. Theodoropoulos simply suggests that humans are an agent of change in this world, and that nature, diversity, and life in general thrives and depends upon change. There are serious things to consider, but there are other scientists out there who agree with this. I'll get the citations you asked for, about 'invasion' and biodiversity. Happy to provide those, just am at work and don't have them in front of me. I think sometimes we humans get caught up in the microcosm of the immediate landscape and the snapshot in time we occupy that we don't think about geologic history and how nature often depends upon disturbance and change. Yes, I do think that conservation in many cases is dependent upon our heart-strings; you don't see anyone running a campaign to save the tardigrades, do you? ;-) Polar bears are much cuter. See the recent article in ESA's Frontiers in Ecology. I can look up the citation...all about how science and conservation issues are based largely on personal and cultural biases and not so much on facts. Respectfully, Kelly
[ECOLOG-L] Faculty Position, Environmental Policy, University of Maryland, Baltimore County
MARYLAND, BALTIMORE 21250. University of Maryland, Baltimore County. Assistant or Associate Professor, beginning in August 2009. Ph.D. required at time of appointment. The UMBC Department of Geography Environmental Systems seeks a faculty member with research and teaching interests in Environmental Policy. We are interested in individuals with expertise in policy related to global change, particularly climate, and its linkages with resource systems and their use (e.g., water resources, biodiversity, or land resources). The ideal candidate should have broad knowledge of regional and international issues, and an interest in the law, economics, politics, and/or history related to the evolution and development of current policies and future solutions. The ability to utilize geospatial information technology as an analytical tool is desirable. (For further details: www.umbc.edu/ges.) In the most recent Carnegie ranking, UMBC is listed as a Research University-High Research Activity. Candidates are expected to have an active program of research and publication, ability to attract external funding, and evidence of commitment to excellence in teaching. Please send curriculum vitae and cover letter describing research agenda and teaching interests, and have three letters of reference sent to Dr. Jeffrey Halverson , at [EMAIL PROTECTED] For those unable to submit electronically, please send applications to Department of Geography and Environmental Systems, UMBC, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250. Review of applications will begin on Dec. 1, 2008 and will continue until the position is filled. UMBC is an Affirmative Action/Equal Opportunity Employer and actively seeks the applications of minorities, women, and individuals with disabilities. -- Christopher M. Swan, Ph.D. Dept. of Geography Environmental Systems University of Maryland, Baltimore County 211 Sondheim Hall 1000 Hilltop Circle Baltimore, MD 21250 [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://userpages.umbc.edu/~cmswan (410) 455-3957
[ECOLOG-L] A Senior Scientist position opening at South Florida Water Management District
Please visit www.sfwmd.gov for details. The South Florida Water Management District is a regional governmental agency responsible for water quality, flood control, water supply and environmental restoration in 16 counties, from Orlando to the Florida Keys. SENIOR SCIENTIST, COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS DIVISION, WATERSHED MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT, WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT. WORKSITE: WEST PALM BEACH. The salary range is $59,550.40 min., $75,025.60 mid., $105,040.00 max. DATE OPENED: 9/xx/08. The Coastal Ecosystems Division (CED) at the South Florida Water Management District seeks a quantitative estuarine ecologist with expertise in estuarine ecological modeling. The CED uses an integrated modeling approach to simulate the responses of coastal ecosystems to freshwater inflow and nutrient loading from the watershed. Individuals with education or experience in quantitative analysis or modeling of coastal biological resources such as seagrasses or oysters are encouraged to apply.The successful candidate should have knowledge of the theories, principles, and methods of estuarine ecology; the ability to conduct applied research; and skills of programming or statistical analyses. M.S. (Ph.D. preferred) in marine/estuarine ecology, environmental sciences or a related discipline with at least six (6) years of qualifying experience is needed. Valid Florida Driver's License required. THIS POSITION MAY BE FILLED AT THE SECONDARY SCIENTIST 4 LEVEL: Bachelors Degree in marine/estuarine ecology, environmental sciences or a related discipline and at least four (4) years of qualifying experience required. Advanced degree is preferred.
[ECOLOG-L] Women in Wildlife and Ecology Survey
Hello everyone, I need your help! I want to know who are the most influential women are in your field. I am writing a paper about women in the wildlife and ecology fields and I really want to know who others might name as inspirational women that have made or are making significant contributions to our fields. It is a short survey that should not take longer than 5 minutes to fill out. http://www.surveymonkey.com/s.aspx?sm=KijJmRqvD_2fUon_2bOtnd8JXg_3d_3d If you would like more information about what I am doing and why please feel free to write me. If you see this survey on another list serve you may belong to, please only fill it out once. Thank you! [EMAIL PROTECTED] ~Not all who wander are lost Kerry L. Nicholson PhD Candidate University of Arizona Office: 520 626-5117
[ECOLOG-L] Invasion biology as xenophobia
Fringe attacks on invasion biology are completely without merit. The idea that a negative attitude toward invasive species is founded in, or a kin to, xenophobia or Nazi attitudes is ridiculous. It's historic precursor-hunting, not a swig of history. But equally troubling are statements of benefits to biodiversity. Perhaps this stems from the wrong-headed view that the goal of ecology, or management, is always to maximize biodiversity. The fact is that ecosystems can be radically altered by species introductions. The fact is that such alterations include wholesale shifts in communities, even when native species are not completely extirpated, including homogenization where communities become similarly populated when they once were completely different. This is occurring on an unnatural spatial and temporal scale due to man's actions. Zebra mussels are in continental Europe because of canals, in North America because of international cargo shipping, and bird migration could never have done that. It's bad because such introductions have hugely harmful effects. True, some effects of some exotic species can be counting as benefits, e.g. if you like clearer water then dreissenids have done you a service. But at what price? Biofouling and costly mitigation, extirpation of local fauna, and possible ties to harmful algal blooms and benthic community changes that result in collapsing fish populations. So even if you do not value native ecosystems at all, invasive species can be a huge drain on local and national economies. And if you are in the business of exploiting the environment (e.g. fishing, logging, providing recreational activities to tourists), you want sustainability. The last thing you want is to upset the status quo, let alone obliterate it, as species introductions can do. Not to mention nuisance effects such as wild population swings resulting in fish kills washing onshore, catastrophic tree death resulting in increased fire risk, and new vectors delivering new new human and animal pathogens. Further, the notion that all sides of an argument should be presented equally in class is a disservice to students, because it elevates weak and invalid arguments to equal status with well-supported conclusions. After all, we do not teach that the earth may be flat or hollow, that air, fire, and water may be elements, or that evil spirits may cause disease simply because someone somewhere has believed it. Oh, and the fringe on this subject is far from objective, having began with commercial horticulture combating the idea that perhaps exotic ornamentals should not be planted for risk of harmful invasions. Check out: Simberloff, D., 2003, Confonting introduced species: a form of xenphobia?, Biological Invasions, 5:179-192. Sincerely, Dave Raikow _ David F. Raikow, Ph. D Research Aquatic Ecologist U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Exposure Research Laboratory (NERL) 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr. Cincinnati, OH, 45268 513-569-7383 (Office) 513-569-7609 (Fax) 513-646-1759 (Cell) [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://www.linkedin.com/in/davidraikow _ Kelly Stettner [EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent by: Ecological Society of America: grants, jobs, news ECOLOG-L@LISTSERV.UMD.EDU 10/02/2008 10:12 AM Please respond to [EMAIL PROTECTED] To ECOLOG-L@LISTSERV.UMD.EDU cc Subject Re: [ECOLOG-L] Invasion biology reading Date:Wed, 1 Oct 2008 11:49:36 -0400 From:Peter W. Houlihan [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: Summary: Undergrad Class in Biodiversity I do not recommend using: Theodoropoulos, David I. Invasion Biology: Critique of a Pseudoscience. It does not provide an unbiased view of the field and reads like a polemic. Actually, my own reading of Theodoropoulos' book was that he was attacking the polemic views that refuse to see invasions as anything other than evil. In point of fact, the Nazis did extirpate all non-native organisms from their Fatherland, from plant to human. Theodoropoulos makes sound arguments, and I have heard from other authors that introduced species do largely and ultimately benefit biodiversity. The number of species that become invasive after introduction to a new range is a mere fraction of the total number of introduced species. Also, why is it bad if a human introduces a species to a new habitat, but it's just fine when, for instance, flocks of migratory geese bring microscopic zebra mussels to a new waterbody? This is the emotionalism that Theodoropoulos is arguing against. I disagree with Mr. Houlihan; Critique would be a valuable source of discussion for your class. Science is about objectivity (as much as we can manage, since we are always, inevitably, part of our own observations and biases), so take every book you read with a grain of salt and a heavy swig of history. Kelly Stettner Black River Action Team (BRAT)
Re: [ECOLOG-L] Invasion biology reading
I haven't read the book, but I disagree with your arguments. Firstly, I think your statement about Nazis removing non-native species is a blatant appeal to pathos...the kind of emotionalism you later argue against. Surely you can't think that just because the Nazis did something that it is bad--everyone likes VW bugs. You say that introduced species do largely and ultimately benefit biodiversity. I would love to see a citation for this, since it seems to contrast everything I know about invasive species... Surely you can't be claiming that the often-observed movement of a house cat or brown rat into an island habitat increases biodiversity despite the loss of animals native only to those islands. Perhaps you're trying to suggest that the biodiversity that might evolve from a new selective pressure outweighs the immediate loss caused by that introduction, but I hardly find that a convincing argument. It seems foolish to kill existing species in exchange for potential ones... I agree that only a fraction of introduced species become invasive, but those that do have a serious impact on the environment, i.e. the zebra mussel. I doubt anyone would describe the introduction of zebra mussels to be fine, in fact I think they are considered one of the most invasive animals in the world... However, it is possible that you're trying to compare a natural invasion with a man-made one. The obvious difference being that artificial invasions happen much more frequently that natural invasions, thereby culminating into larger effects on the ecosystem. These effects are not necessarily bad, in the same way that extinction is not bad, except from an emotional point of view... Are you attempting to argue that conservation is useless except from an emotional point of view? -Peter On Thu, Oct 2, 2008 at 10:12 AM, Kelly Stettner [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Date:Wed, 1 Oct 2008 11:49:36 -0400 From:Peter W. Houlihan [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: Summary: Undergrad Class in Biodiversity I do not recommend using: Theodoropoulos, David I. Invasion Biology: Critique of a Pseudoscience. It does not provide an unbiased view of the field and reads like a polemic. Actually, my own reading of Theodoropoulos' book was that he was attacking the polemic views that refuse to see invasions as anything other than evil. In point of fact, the Nazis did extirpate all non-native organisms from their Fatherland, from plant to human. Theodoropoulos makes sound arguments, and I have heard from other authors that introduced species do largely and ultimately benefit biodiversity. The number of species that become invasive after introduction to a new range is a mere fraction of the total number of introduced species. Also, why is it bad if a human introduces a species to a new habitat, but it's just fine when, for instance, flocks of migratory geese bring microscopic zebra mussels to a new waterbody? This is the emotionalism that Theodoropoulos is arguing against. I disagree with Mr. Houlihan; Critique would be a valuable source of discussion for your class. Science is about objectivity (as much as we can manage, since we are always, inevitably, part of our own observations and biases), so take every book you read with a grain of salt and a heavy swig of history. Kelly Stettner Black River Action Team (BRAT) 45 Coolidge Road Springfield, VT 05156 [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://www.blackriveractionteam.org ~Making ripples on the Black River since 2000! ~ -- Peter Coffey UNC Asheville 828.773.8138
Re: [ECOLOG-L] Invasion biology reading
Kelly, Thanks for your speedy reply. I agree that actions based on fear are often futile and rash, however I don't thing that conservation should only be applied to cases where something of value is in danger--unless you consider unique and variable ecosystems to all have value, which I do, and thus it always applies. I agree, human introductions do not outnumber natural ones--all introductions before we evolved are obviously natural-- what I was referencing is the frequency with which these introductions occur. Human introductions occur at a higher rate than natural ones. I agree that without change there is stagnation, but evolution works at a rate that sometimes cannot handle the effects of our snapshot in time. To argue that all change is good simply puts you in a position of defending anyone's right to do whatever...why stop pollution, urban sprawl, or strip mining? They're all just change... I agree that conservation efforts are dependent on our heartstrings--that is why red wolves and pandas adorn our calenders. However, is there any point to conservation, does anything have any value, except from an emotional point of view? Is human utilitarianism a valid method of ascribing value to anything? *-*Peter P.S. I think tardigrades are so freakin' cute! On Thu, Oct 2, 2008 at 4:38 PM, Kelly Stettner [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi, Peter, thanks for the reply! You're right, just because the Nazis did something it is bad. That would be a blanket statement. I'm saying that trying to exterminate any non-native is not only a practice usually based on fear but is often an effort in futility. Now, if we accept that an introduced species is causing damage to something of value, let's be honest about that and look at possible management of the newcomer. And, no, zebra mussels aren't 'hunky dory' just because a duck dropped some...you picked up on that, as well. I'd be extremely surprised if human introductions actually outnumbered 'natural' ones. Theodoropoulos simply suggests that humans are an agent of change in this world, and that nature, diversity, and life in general thrives and depends upon change. There are serious things to consider, but there are other scientists out there who agree with this. I'll get the citations you asked for, about 'invasion' and biodiversity. Happy to provide those, just am at work and don't have them in front of me. I think sometimes we humans get caught up in the microcosm of the immediate landscape and the snapshot in time we occupy that we don't think about geologic history and how nature often depends upon disturbance and change. Yes, I do think that conservation in many cases is dependent upon our heart-strings; you don't see anyone running a campaign to save the tardigrades, do you? ;-) Polar bears are much cuter. See the recent article in ESA's Frontiers in Ecology. I can look up the citation...all about how science and conservation issues are based largely on personal and cultural biases and not so much on facts. Respectfully, Kelly -- Peter Coffey UNC Asheville 828.773.8138
Re: [ECOLOG-L] Invasion biology reading
Hmmm...I want to begin by emphatically agreeing that tardigrades ARE, in point of fact, adorable. I want to make a calendar of them, actually. *grin* Now...onto your post! You said that Human introductions occur at a higher rate than natural ones. Darwin noted many introductions in his time, from viable seeds encased in dirt of the rootballs of trees adrift on the ocean to tiny mussels attached to a duck's feet. I've seen water beetles with freshwater mollusks adhering to their shells, and creatures from crocodiles to dragonflies have been seen a hundred miles or more out at sea. There are records of storms dropping all manner of creatures into new territory, including seeds, worms, snails, frogs, eels, ants, and more -- nevermind that moss spores can be recovered from rain drops and germinate, thousands of miles from their origin. Amazing! The article I was thinking of that discusses how our biases frame our choices of research topics is in Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment and is by John R.U. Wilson et al: The (bio)diversity of science reflects the interests of society in Volume 5, Issue 8, pp. 409-414. One quick funny ~ here's a good visual for those who have a hard time picturing a mollusk invasion: http://i294.photobucket.com/albums/mm120/brodyfairlane/Clams.jpg Okay, back to seriousness. Instead of invasive species, why aren't we calling a spade a spade and calling them harmful species? There are relatively few of them, we both agree. Here is a for-instance: burning bush is considered an invasive species. Yet I have six different neighbors who have them on their front lawns, plus our local shopping center has liberally peppered them throughout the property -- I've lived here for over ten years, and never seen anyone sweating blood over the Battle of the Burning Bush. Where, exactly, and how, exactly, are they invasive? To whom? Under what circumstances? Another question: if natives are so well-adapted to their niche in their home territory, how can a newcomer outcompete them? This article in the NY Times touches on a few of these ideas, but (more importantly, in my estimation) points to scientific studies of Dr. Dov Sax, Dr. James Brown and others. It also points to specifics, like the fact that 40 new species of freshwater fish have been introduced to Hawaii, but the 5 native species have not become extinct. The article is here: http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/09/science/09inva.html?_r=2ref=scienceoref=sloginoref=slogin It is from the September 9, 2008 edition on page F1. Those few invasives who do cause actual extinction do so locally, and also are usually active predators, not competitors, according to the article. Also, conservation biology worries about conserving every species on the planet. Yet we don't even know how many there are, and dozens of new species are being discovered every day, from mammals to mollusks, lichen to lizards. Just look at the Great Barrier Reef recently, or Suriname. I gotta ask, what do you consider a unique ecosystem, since ecosystems are constantly changing? Your argument against allowing EVERY kind of change is one addressed in Theodoropoulos' book; there must be common sense and a serious stewardship attitude -- but it must be an honest one. We can't and shouldn't protect every species -- against what? Extinction? Adaptation? Evolution? Extinction is a resource in and of itself and shouldn't be mourned; loss of one species means more resources for others, and gives other species the opportunity to adapt and to expand their range. Evolution can handle snap-shots -- look at Germany's Lake Constance and the fact that Daphnia changed their feeding behavior to adapt to and eat toxic cyanobacteria from phosphorus pollution. This adaptation happened in less than 30 years. Now that's a snap-shot! http://www.news.cornell.edu/releases/Sept99/rapid_evolution.hrs.html Here's another thought...whales have been protected and conserved for, what, thirty years or a little longer? How are the world's fish stocks? Ask around and the answers are looking pretty grim. There are some common themes: in crisis...crashing...seriously degraded. At what point will we allow whaling to resume, to conserve the precious herring and other fish that the whales eat? America has been through so many ecological paradigms over the past 400 years that it should be of no surprise that science progresses -- every answer we find should pose more questions, and our paradigm ought to shift with our new knowledge and understanding. Human values sure are valid; every organism on the planet uses resources, sometimes to ruination of the resource. I would love to hear of another creature who intentionally repopulates a resource. Thank you all for your discussion, your patience, and your gracious objectivity. Sincerely, Kelly Stettner From: Peter Coffey [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re:
