stupid question about sendmail
how to redirect recipient address. i mean - if someone try to send to x...@y.pl from serwer then it should be redirected to local account, while the rest of mails to domain @y.pl should get out normally. alternatively outgoing mail to x...@y.pl should be rejected. tried access.db - To:x...@y.pl REJECT doesn't work any idea. thank you ___ freebsd-hackers@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-hackers To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-hackers-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: stupid question about sendmail
On 24 May 2013 08:34, Wojciech Puchar woj...@wojtek.tensor.gdynia.pl wrote: how to redirect recipient address. i mean - if someone try to send to x...@y.pl from serwer then it should be redirected to local account, while the rest of mails to domain @y.pl should get out normally. alternatively outgoing mail to x...@y.pl should be rejected. tried access.db - To:x...@y.pl REJECT doesn't work any idea. thank you Try a sendmail list? Chris ___ freebsd-hackers@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-hackers To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-hackers-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: stupid question about sendmail
On Fri, 24 May 2013 09:33+0200, Wojciech Puchar wrote: how to redirect recipient address. i mean - if someone try to send to x...@y.pl from serwer then it should be redirected to local account, while the rest of mails to domain @y.pl should get out normally. alternatively outgoing mail to x...@y.pl should be rejected. tried access.db - To:x...@y.pl REJECT doesn't work any idea. thank you Don't use /etc/mail/access, use /etc/mail/aliases. E.g.: x: /dev/null -- +---++ | Vennlig hilsen, | Best regards, | | Trond Endrestøl, | Trond Endrestøl, | | IT-ansvarlig, | System administrator, | | Fagskolen Innlandet, | Gjøvik Technical College, Norway, | | tlf. mob. 952 62 567, | Cellular...: +47 952 62 567, | | sentralbord 61 14 54 00. | Switchboard: +47 61 14 54 00. | +---++___ freebsd-hackers@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-hackers To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-hackers-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: stupid question about sendmail
To:x...@y.pl REJECT doesn't work any idea. thank you Don't use /etc/mail/access, use /etc/mail/aliases. E.g.: x: /dev/null x is NOT on my server. it will not work. all i want is when someone send a mail from my server to x...@y.pl (which is someone else domain) it will not get there and be blocked or redirected ___ freebsd-hackers@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-hackers To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-hackers-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: stupid question about sendmail
On Fri, 24 May 2013 09:55+0200, Wojciech Puchar wrote: To:x...@y.pl REJECT doesn't work any idea. thank you Don't use /etc/mail/access, use /etc/mail/aliases. E.g.: x: /dev/null x is NOT on my server. it will not work. all i want is when someone send a mail from my server to x...@y.pl (which is someone else domain) it will not get there and be blocked or redirected My bad, take a look at the /etc/mail/genericstable file: http://www.sendmail.com/sm/open_source/docs/m4/features.html Maybe a line like this one will help you achieve your goal: j...@bar.comerror:5.7.0:550 Address invalid -- +---++ | Vennlig hilsen, | Best regards, | | Trond Endrestøl, | Trond Endrestøl, | | IT-ansvarlig, | System administrator, | | Fagskolen Innlandet, | Gjøvik Technical College, Norway, | | tlf. mob. 952 62 567, | Cellular...: +47 952 62 567, | | sentralbord 61 14 54 00. | Switchboard: +47 61 14 54 00. | +---++___ freebsd-hackers@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-hackers To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-hackers-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: stupid question about sendmail
On Fri, 24 May 2013 10:19+0200, Trond Endrestøl wrote: My bad, take a look at the /etc/mail/genericstable file: http://www.sendmail.com/sm/open_source/docs/m4/features.html Maybe a line like this one will help you achieve your goal: j...@bar.com error:5.7.0:550 Address invalid I was wrong again, sorry, but I believe I got it right this time: 1. Edit the /etc/mail/access file. 2. Insert a line like this one: To:mail...@some.domain.tld REJECT 3. Save the /etc/mail/access file. 4. Change to the /etc/mail directory if not already there. 5. Run the make command to update the /etc/mail/access.db. 6. Try to send email to the blacklisted recipient. 7. If successful, the sender should recieve: reason: 550 5.2.1 mail...@some.domain.tld... Mailbox disabled for this recipient -- +---++ | Vennlig hilsen, | Best regards, | | Trond Endrestøl, | Trond Endrestøl, | | IT-ansvarlig, | System administrator, | | Fagskolen Innlandet, | Gjøvik Technical College, Norway, | | tlf. mob. 952 62 567, | Cellular...: +47 952 62 567, | | sentralbord 61 14 54 00. | Switchboard: +47 61 14 54 00. | +---++___ freebsd-hackers@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-hackers To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-hackers-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: stupid question about sendmail
all i want is when someone send a mail from my server to x...@y.pl (which is someone else domain) it will not get there and be blocked or redirected My bad, take a look at the /etc/mail/genericstable file: http://www.sendmail.com/sm/open_source/docs/m4/features.html Maybe a line like this one will help you achieve your goal: j...@bar.comerror:5.7.0:550 Address invalid i tried it. maybe i do something wrong but tried on my home server woj...@3miasto.net.pl error:5.7.0:550 Address invalid (TAB separates fields) in /etc/mail/genericstable and FEATURE(`genericstable') in wojtek.tensor.gdynia.pl.mc did make make install /etc/rc.d/sendmail restart and tried to send mail to woj...@3miasto.net.pl mail is not blocked any more ideas? thank you! ___ freebsd-hackers@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-hackers To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-hackers-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: stupid question about sendmail
http://www.sendmail.com/sm/open_source/docs/m4/features.html Maybe a line like this one will help you achieve your goal: j...@bar.comerror:5.7.0:550 Address invalid I was wrong again, sorry, but I believe I got it right this time: 1. Edit the /etc/mail/access file. 2. Insert a line like this one: To:mail...@some.domain.tld REJECT tried too. doesn't work. ___ freebsd-hackers@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-hackers To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-hackers-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Writing a (BSD like) Operating Systems From Scratch
Hi All I've been read thousands of pages of FreeBSD and Linux Kernel source code and books on the internals of BSD and Linux over the years in attempt to develop a complete understanding of operating systems (or at least, UNIX like ones). However, I feel that I'm as mystified as to the finer details as when I first started. So I've concluded that the best way to really understand the deep dark details of UNIX is to try and write one from scratch (using the general guidelines of standards like POSIX etc ...), and maybe taking a peek at BSD and Linux from time to time. My questions around this are: a) What kind of hardware (processor) would I use as a development platform, given the requirements of cheap, well documented, easily obtainable, easy to debug etc ... I believe the hardware platform chosen should satisfy the following requirements: - Cheap and relatively commodity (easy to get hold of) - Well documented architecture and API (there's a nice assembly language for it) - Supports single and multi-core multi-tasking, memory management b) Are there recommended books or other resources that hand hold one through the process of implementing a toy operating system , that are: - Current, circa 2011 - 2013 - For hardware that meets the characteristics of a) above - Offer a simple start from the very basics of operating system design and implementation to the gory details c) What would be the best practical entry point design and implementation of operating systems? E.g should I begin with studying the assembly language for a chosen hardware platform first, then move on to booting something of memory, or should I start with the high level architectural details of the O.S ? Many thanks in Advance for your thoughts! Traiano Welcome ___ freebsd-hackers@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-hackers To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-hackers-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: find -delete broken, or just used improperly?
On Tue, May 21, 2013 at 11:06:39AM -0400, John Baldwin wrote: On Monday, May 20, 2013 5:47:31 pm Jilles Tjoelker wrote: The below patch allows deleting the pathname given to find itself: Index: usr.bin/find/function.c === --- usr.bin/find/function.c (revision 250661) +++ usr.bin/find/function.c (working copy) @@ -442,7 +442,8 @@ errx(1, -delete: forbidden when symlinks are followed); /* Potentially unsafe - do not accept relative paths whatsoever */ - if (strchr(entry-fts_accpath, '/') != NULL) + if (entry-fts_level FTS_ROOTLEVEL + strchr(entry-fts_accpath, '/') != NULL) errx(1, -delete: %s: relative path potentially not safe, entry-fts_accpath); I'm curious, how would you instruct a patched find to avoid deleteing the /tmp/foo directory (e.g. if you wanted this to be a job that pruned empty dirs from /tmp/foo but never pruned the directory itself). Would -mindepth 1 do it? (Just asking. I have also found this message annoying but most of the jobs I have seen it on probably don't want to delete the root path, just descendants.) -mindepth 1 works, as does cd /tmp/foo find . -... (-delete silently ignores . and ..). -- Jilles Tjoelker ___ freebsd-hackers@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-hackers To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-hackers-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: stupid question about sendmail
On 24 May 2013 11:05, Wojciech Puchar woj...@wojtek.tensor.gdynia.pl wrote: http://www.sendmail.com/sm/open_source/docs/m4/features.html Maybe a line like this one will help you achieve your goal: j...@bar.com error:5.7.0:550 Address invalid I was wrong again, sorry, but I believe I got it right this time: 1. Edit the /etc/mail/access file. 2. Insert a line like this one: To:mail...@some.domain.tld REJECT tried too. doesn't work. http://www.sendmail.com/sm/open_source/support/public_forums/ There is also an IRC channel, #sendmail on Freenode. Chris ___ freebsd-hackers@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-hackers To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-hackers-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: stupid question about sendmail
On Fri, 24 May 2013 12:03+0200, Wojciech Puchar wrote: 1. Edit the /etc/mail/access file. 2. Insert a line like this one: To:mail...@some.domain.tld REJECT tried too. doesn't work. Make sure you edit the /etc/mail/access file, not the /etc/mail/access.db file. The latter is a hashmap used by sendmail for rapid lookup. The former is the source used to generate the /etc/mail/access.db file. Sendmail will never read the /etc/mail/access file. Don't forget to run the make command afterwards to update the /etc/mail/access.db file, and other changed files. Your hostname.mc file must contain this line exactly as shown: FEATURE(access_db, `hash -o -TTMPF /etc/mail/access') Yes, sendmail will indeed access the /etc/mail/access.db file, not the /etc/mail/access file. If you changed the .mc file, then install the corresponding .cf files using the make install command. -- +---++ | Vennlig hilsen, | Best regards, | | Trond Endrestøl, | Trond Endrestøl, | | IT-ansvarlig, | System administrator, | | Fagskolen Innlandet, | Gjøvik Technical College, Norway, | | tlf. mob. 952 62 567, | Cellular...: +47 952 62 567, | | sentralbord 61 14 54 00. | Switchboard: +47 61 14 54 00. | +---++___ freebsd-hackers@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-hackers To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-hackers-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: stupid question about sendmail
On Fri, 24 May 2013 12:45+0200, Trond Endrestøl wrote: On Fri, 24 May 2013 12:03+0200, Wojciech Puchar wrote: 1. Edit the /etc/mail/access file. 2. Insert a line like this one: To:mail...@some.domain.tld REJECT tried too. doesn't work. Make sure you edit the /etc/mail/access file, not the /etc/mail/access.db file. The latter is a hashmap used by sendmail for rapid lookup. The former is the source used to generate the /etc/mail/access.db file. Sendmail will never read the /etc/mail/access file. Don't forget to run the make command afterwards to update the /etc/mail/access.db file, and other changed files. Your hostname.mc file must contain this line exactly as shown: FEATURE(access_db, `hash -o -TTMPF /etc/mail/access') Yes, sendmail will indeed access the /etc/mail/access.db file, not the /etc/mail/access file. If you changed the .mc file, then install the corresponding .cf files using the make install command. One final(?) note: You might need this line as well: FEATURE(blacklist_recipients) -- +---++ | Vennlig hilsen, | Best regards, | | Trond Endrestøl, | Trond Endrestøl, | | IT-ansvarlig, | System administrator, | | Fagskolen Innlandet, | Gjøvik Technical College, Norway, | | tlf. mob. 952 62 567, | Cellular...: +47 952 62 567, | | sentralbord 61 14 54 00. | Switchboard: +47 61 14 54 00. | +---++___ freebsd-hackers@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-hackers To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-hackers-unsubscr...@freebsd.org___ freebsd-hackers@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-hackers To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-hackers-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Writing a (BSD like) Operating Systems From Scratch
Welcome, Traiano wrote: Hi All I've been read thousands of pages of FreeBSD and Linux Kernel source code and books on the internals of BSD and Linux over the years in attempt to develop a complete understanding of operating systems (or at least, UNIX like ones). However, I feel that I'm as mystified as to the finer details as when I first started. So I've concluded that the best way to really understand the deep dark details of UNIX is to try and write one from scratch (using the general guidelines of standards like POSIX etc ...), and maybe taking a peek at BSD and Linux from time to time. My questions around this are: Sorry, but your questions text (see mega line above, no folds ! Ugh) tell me A) You dont know enough, would be better working with an existing project, be it a BSD Linux Minix Sprite Mach whatever. Maybe also doing some formal training in OSs eg a Uni. degree in computing or whatever. B) You havent realised technology is moving faster with ever more more people working on OSs tools, its like looking in from the edge of an exploding galaxy trying to understand all within: by the time you do, its grown ! C) If people devoted tons of time over years to help you along, it would be their your time wasted to achieve anothernice OS time that would be better spent if you they worked together on improving an existing OS - see (A) above. Sorry it's not what you want to hear but modern OS are too big for 1 man, evolving too fast, even those called Jollitz Tannenbaum or Linus, got replaced/ supplemented by Teams. Choose a project team an aspect/ technology within the team, that will be useful not a waste of time. Some OS's http://berklix.com/free/ Cheers, Julian -- Julian Stacey, BSD Unix Linux C Sys Eng Consultant, Munich http://berklix.com Reply below not above, like a play script. Indent old text with . Send plain text. No quoted-printable, HTML, base64, multipart/alternative. ___ freebsd-hackers@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-hackers To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-hackers-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: find -delete broken, or just used improperly?
On Friday, May 24, 2013 6:24:11 am Jilles Tjoelker wrote: On Tue, May 21, 2013 at 11:06:39AM -0400, John Baldwin wrote: On Monday, May 20, 2013 5:47:31 pm Jilles Tjoelker wrote: The below patch allows deleting the pathname given to find itself: Index: usr.bin/find/function.c === --- usr.bin/find/function.c (revision 250661) +++ usr.bin/find/function.c (working copy) @@ -442,7 +442,8 @@ errx(1, -delete: forbidden when symlinks are followed); /* Potentially unsafe - do not accept relative paths whatsoever */ - if (strchr(entry-fts_accpath, '/') != NULL) + if (entry-fts_level FTS_ROOTLEVEL + strchr(entry-fts_accpath, '/') != NULL) errx(1, -delete: %s: relative path potentially not safe, entry-fts_accpath); I'm curious, how would you instruct a patched find to avoid deleteing the /tmp/foo directory (e.g. if you wanted this to be a job that pruned empty dirs from /tmp/foo but never pruned the directory itself). Would -mindepth 1 do it? (Just asking. I have also found this message annoying but most of the jobs I have seen it on probably don't want to delete the root path, just descendants.) -mindepth 1 works, as does cd /tmp/foo find . -... (-delete silently ignores . and ..). Right, my only concern is that this fix will introduce a change in behavior that I think might be significant, so we should make sure to advertise it well in UPDATING, etc. -- John Baldwin ___ freebsd-hackers@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-hackers To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-hackers-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Low Tx-Rx performance with 10Gb NICs
On Friday, 24 May 2013, Axel Fischer wrote: Additionally I noticed the following TCP errors with netstat -s ...: 1186 data packets (1717328 bytes) retransmitted 6847875 window update packets 2319 duplicate acks 25831 out-of-order packets (37403288 bytes) 3733 discarded due to memory problems (drops) 1186 segment rexmits in SACK recovery episodes 1717328 byte rexmits in SACK recovery episodes Looks like your data is flooding your memory buffers, have a look through https://calomel.org/freebsd_network_tuning.html -- Igor M. ___ freebsd-hackers@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-hackers To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-hackers-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: stupid question about sendmail
On Fri, May 24, 2013, Trond Endrest?l wrote: [freebsd-hackers doesn't seem like the appropriate list...] FEATURE(access_db, `hash -o -TTMPF /etc/mail/access') Do NOT use -o. Moreover, do not specify arguments that are default. FEATURE(`access_db') is the best choice. One final(?) note: You might need this line as well: FEATURE(blacklist_recipients) That's not a might, that's a MUST for this case. Note: (sendmail's) cf/README is a rather useful document. ___ freebsd-hackers@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-hackers To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-hackers-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Low Tx-Rx performance with 10Gb NICs
On Fri, May 24, 2013 at 11:41 AM, Igor Mozolevsky i...@hybrid-lab.co.ukwrote: On Friday, 24 May 2013, Axel Fischer wrote: Additionally I noticed the following TCP errors with netstat -s ...: 1186 data packets (1717328 bytes) retransmitted 6847875 window update packets 2319 duplicate acks 25831 out-of-order packets (37403288 bytes) 3733 discarded due to memory problems (drops) 1186 segment rexmits in SACK recovery episodes 1717328 byte rexmits in SACK recovery episodes Looks like your data is flooding your memory buffers, have a look through https://calomel.org/freebsd_network_tuning.html Ive got an 10Gb ix card i cant get to do more then 1.2Gbs send on FreeBSD 9-stable pretty frustrating hunting down the issue. -- Igor M. ___ freebsd-hackers@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-hackers To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-hackers-unsubscr...@freebsd.org ___ freebsd-hackers@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-hackers To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-hackers-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Low Tx-Rx performance with 10Gb NICs
Hi Igor, my name is Axel Fischer. working at Marvell SC. In addition to your reply to my colleague Lino Sanfilippo I did some performance measurements on FreeBSD 9 with a commercial 10 GBit network card. Unlike on other OS the FreeBSD performance for duplex rx/tx operation never exceeded the limit about 9.5 GBit/s. Normally a performance of at least 16 GBit (up to line speed 20 GBit in duplex mode) is expected. As Lino already mentioned the CPU/bus system (in general the HW) does not set a limit. Furthermore I noticed that the CPU(s) load is not very high, about 30 %. Here is an overview of the measurements: netperf rx-tx 4 streams / 60s 1768.16 Mb/s Port=2001 RX 999.33 Mb/s Port=2002 RX 72.16 Mb/s Port=1001 TX 61.49 Mb/s Port=1002 TX 2302.76 Mb/s Port=2003 RX 73.48 Mb/s Port=1003 TX 2416.23 Mb/s Port=2004 RX 76.02 Mb/s Port=1004 TX RX+TX Total Result: Mb/s 7769.63 CPU load: last pid: 1739; load averages: 0.97, 0.49, 0.21up 0+00:02:26 11:02:52 46 processes: 2 running, 44 sleeping CPU 0: 2.0% user, 0.0% nice, 23.2% system, 0.4% interrupt, 74.4% idle CPU 1: 1.2% user, 0.0% nice, 19.7% system, 0.4% interrupt, 78.7% idle CPU 2: 0.0% user, 0.0% nice, 0.0% system, 80.7% interrupt, 19.3% idle CPU 3: 0.0% user, 0.0% nice, 0.8% system, 1.6% interrupt, 97.6% idle CPU 4: 2.4% user, 0.0% nice, 25.6% system, 0.0% interrupt, 72.0% idle CPU 5: 3.1% user, 0.0% nice, 25.6% system, 0.0% interrupt, 71.3% idle CPU 6: 0.0% user, 0.0% nice, 0.4% system, 32.7% interrupt, 66.9% idle CPU 7: 0.4% user, 0.0% nice, 1.6% system, 0.0% interrupt, 98.0% idle Mem: 14M Active, 7548K Inact, 66M Wired, 24K Cache, 16M Buf, 3326M Free Swap: 4096M Total, 4096M Free Additionally I noticed the following TCP errors with netstat -s ...: 1186 data packets (1717328 bytes) retransmitted 6847875 window update packets 2319 duplicate acks 25831 out-of-order packets (37403288 bytes) 3733 discarded due to memory problems (drops) 1186 segment rexmits in SACK recovery episodes 1717328 byte rexmits in SACK recovery episodes My questions: - What is the max. performance (duplex) on FreeBSD 9 that you have measured with a 10 GBit NIC ? (Expected 16 GBit/s on appropriate HW) Thank you in advance, Axel Weitergeleitete Nachricht Von: Igor Mozolevsky i...@hybrid-lab.co.uk An: Lino Sanfilippo lsan...@marvell.com Kopie: Hackers freeBSD freebsd-hackers@freebsd.org, Axel Fischer afisc...@marvell.com, Ralf Assmann rassm...@marvell.com, Markus Althoff malth...@marvell.com Betreff: Re: Low Tx-Rx performance with 10Gb NICs Datum: Thu, 23 May 2013 11:21:08 -0700 On 23 May 2013 19:00, Lino Sanfilippo lsan...@marvell.com wrote: Is there a known issue concerning high traffic on Tx and Rx paths? Are there any system settings I could adjust to get the expected performance? Any hints are very appreciated. check your ierrs and oerrs: netstat -s 1, I've noticed I'm getting ierrs on em chips, but none on fxp chips (connected to the same wire/switch); might be unrelated to yours, but worth a check... -- Axel Fischer | RD Software / SW Engineer | Marvell Semiconductor Germany GmbH Office +49 (7243) 502 370 | Fax +49 (7243) 502 982 afisc...@marvell.com M A R V E L L |www.marvell.com This communication, together with any attachments hereto or links contained herein, is for the sole use of the intended recipient(s) and may contain information that is confidential or legally protected. If you are not the intended recipient, you are hereby notified that any review, disclosure, copying, dissemination, distribution or use of this communication is STRICTLY PROHIBITED. If you have received this communication in error, please notify the sender immediately by return e-mail message and delete the original and all copies of the communication, along with any attachments hereto or links herein, from your system. Marvell Semiconductor Germany GmbH, Siemensstr. 23, 76275 Ettlingen, Amtsgericht Mannheim HRB 361620 Geschäftsführer: Dipl.-Volksw. Mathias Horak ___ freebsd-hackers@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-hackers To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-hackers-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
RE: Writing a (BSD like) Operating Systems From Scratch
Hi Julian Thanks, any response is appreciated, here's mine: -Original Message- From: owner-freebsd-hack...@freebsd.org [mailto:owner-freebsd- hack...@freebsd.org] On Behalf Of Julian H. Stacey Sent: 24 May 2013 15:39 To: Welcome, Traiano Cc: freebsd-hackers@freebsd.org Subject: Re: Writing a (BSD like) Operating Systems From Scratch Welcome, Traiano wrote: Hi All I've been read thousands of pages of FreeBSD and Linux Kernel source code and books on the internals of BSD and Linux over the years in attempt to develop a complete understanding of operating systems (or at least, UNIX like ones). However, I feel that I'm as mystified as to the finer details as when I first started. So I've concluded that the best way to really understand the deep dark details of UNIX is to try and write one from scratch (using the general guidelines of standards like POSIX etc ...), and maybe taking a peek at BSD and Linux from time to time. My questions around this are: Sorry, but your questions text (see mega line above, no folds ! Ugh) tell me A) You dont know enough, would be better working with an existing project, be it a BSD Linux Minix Sprite Mach whatever. Maybe also doing some formal training in OSs eg a Uni. degree in computing or whatever. Right on the mark, Julian! The don't know enough part especially, hence the _questions_ (Normally asked by people who don't know enough). May I ask where you get the divine wisdom to know where I would be better working with ? don't you think that would be best left up to me? So what if formal training in OSes is not an option to me ? Not all of us have the wealth and time, nor privilege of coming from a family that can afford such an education, like myself for example. What do you recommend for those of us who have neither the wealth nor luxury of time to pursue a Uni. degree in computing or whatever. ? You appear not to realize that to even begin working with one of the existing projects, you'd best have a solid understanding of OSes to begin with, which brings up an interesting catch -22 that goes something like: You can't join the club, because you don't know enough. You can't know enough 'till you join our club. Is that the case or am I mistaken ? B) You havent realised technology is moving faster with ever more more people working on OSs tools, its like looking in from the edge of an exploding galaxy trying to understand all within: by the time you do, its grown ! May I ask how you jumped to that conclusion? What makes you think I want to keep at the cutting edge of everything? All I want to begin at the very basis and build up from there at my own pace, until I'm capable of building something very Basic, functional and something I can use to illustrate to myself the design principles involved in building operating systems. C) If people devoted tons of time over years to help you along, it would be their your time wasted to achieve anothernice OS time that would be better spent if you they worked together on improving an existing OS - see (A) above. Where did you get the idea that I'm asking for tons of time over years ? Have you a record of me going around the internet pestering people for answers on how to build operating systems? All I asked for was a couple of links and pointers, maybe a good book or two. Besides, I'd be of no using helping to build spacecraft if I can barely build a cart, so no, my time would not be better spent helping people who really have a clue to improve existing OSes. Sorry it's not what you want to hear but modern OS are too big for 1 man, evolving too fast, even those called Jollitz Tannenbaum or Linus, got replaced/ supplemented by Teams. Choose a project team an aspect/ technology within the team, that will be useful not a waste of time. I don't accept the conjecture that modern OSes are too big for one man. Modern OSes and their associated entourage of userpace and plugin modules maybe, but not the basic kernel/supervisor program. An OS is as big or small as you make it. I would like to eat this particular elephant one bite at a time. Some OS's http://berklix.com/free/ Thanks, nice link :-) Cheers, Julian -- Julian Stacey, BSD Unix Linux C Sys Eng Consultant, Munich http://berklix.com Reply below not above, like a play script. Indent old text with . Send plain text. No quoted-printable, HTML, base64, multipart/alternative. ___ freebsd-hackers@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-hackers To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-hackers- unsubscr...@freebsd.org ___ freebsd-hackers@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-hackers To unsubscribe,
Re: stupid question about sendmail
On Fri, 24 May 2013 08:34-0700, Claus Assmann wrote: On Fri, May 24, 2013, Trond Endrestøl wrote: [freebsd-hackers doesn't seem like the appropriate list...] FEATURE(access_db, `hash -o -TTMPF /etc/mail/access') Do NOT use -o. Moreover, do not specify arguments that are default. FEATURE(`access_db') is the best choice. Then I guess the defaults in freebsd.mc should be changed as well: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/base/stable/9/etc/sendmail/freebsd.mc?revision=249867view=markup One final(?) note: You might need this line as well: FEATURE(blacklist_recipients) That's not a might, that's a MUST for this case. Note: (sendmail's) cf/README is a rather useful document. Thank you for the clarification. I only hope our friend in Poland got what he needed. -- +---++ | Vennlig hilsen, | Best regards, | | Trond Endrestøl, | Trond Endrestøl, | | IT-ansvarlig, | System administrator, | | Fagskolen Innlandet, | Gjøvik Technical College, Norway, | | tlf. mob. 952 62 567, | Cellular...: +47 952 62 567, | | sentralbord 61 14 54 00. | Switchboard: +47 61 14 54 00. | +---++___ freebsd-hackers@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-hackers To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-hackers-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Writing a (BSD like) Operating Systems From Scratch
Le 24/05/2013 18:57, Welcome, Traiano a écrit : Hi Julian Thanks, any response is appreciated, here's mine: -Original Message- From: owner-freebsd-hack...@freebsd.org [mailto:owner-freebsd- hack...@freebsd.org] On Behalf Of Julian H. Stacey Sent: 24 May 2013 15:39 To: Welcome, Traiano Cc: freebsd-hackers@freebsd.org Subject: Re: Writing a (BSD like) Operating Systems From Scratch Welcome, Traiano wrote: Hi All I've been read thousands of pages of FreeBSD and Linux Kernel source code and books on the internals of BSD and Linux over the years in attempt to develop a complete understanding of operating systems (or at least, UNIX like ones). However, I feel that I'm as mystified as to the finer details as when I first started. So I've concluded that the best way to really understand the deep dark details of UNIX is to try and write one from scratch (using the general guidelines of standards like POSIX etc ...), and maybe taking a peek at BSD and Linux from time to time. My questions around this are: Sorry, but your questions text (see mega line above, no folds ! Ugh) tell me A) You dont know enough, would be better working with an existing project, be it a BSD Linux Minix Sprite Mach whatever. Maybe also doing some formal training in OSs eg a Uni. degree in computing or whatever. Right on the mark, Julian! The don't know enough part especially, hence the _questions_ (Normally asked by people who don't know enough). May I ask where you get the divine wisdom to know where I would be better working with ? don't you think that would be best left up to me? So what if formal training in OSes is not an option to me ? Not all of us have the wealth and time, nor privilege of coming from a family that can afford such an education, like myself for example. What do you recommend for those of us who have neither the wealth nor luxury of time to pursue a Uni. degree in computing or whatever. ? You appear not to realize that to even begin working with one of the existing projects, you'd best have a solid understanding of OSes to begin with, which brings up an interesting catch -22 that goes something like: You can't join the club, because you don't know enough. You can't know enough 'till you join our club. Is that the case or am I mistaken ? I don't think there is any kind of club. There are just peoples that know better than others how does works one or many parts of the system, but not the entire system and other peoples krowing other parts, etc. You'll see (if not already) that everytime you discover new things, you discorver in the same time there is a lot to do more ! Even on a little system on a classic computer (ARM, x86…) B) You havent realised technology is moving faster with ever more more people working on OSs tools, its like looking in from the edge of an exploding galaxy trying to understand all within: by the time you do, its grown ! May I ask how you jumped to that conclusion? What makes you think I want to keep at the cutting edge of everything? All I want to begin at the very basis and build up from there at my own pace, until I'm capable of building something very Basic, functional and something I can use to illustrate to myself the design principles involved in building operating systems. C) If people devoted tons of time over years to help you along, it would be their your time wasted to achieve anothernice OS time that would be better spent if you they worked together on improving an existing OS - see (A) above. Where did you get the idea that I'm asking for tons of time over years ? Have you a record of me going around the internet pestering people for answers on how to build operating systems? All I asked for was a couple of links and pointers, maybe a good book or two. Besides, I'd be of no using helping to build spacecraft if I can barely build a cart, so no, my time would not be better spent helping people who really have a clue to improve existing OSes. Dont be so aggressive. He is juste saying it has much more chances to be a waste of time to _start and continue_ developping from scratch than continue developping existing projects. Starting from scratch is absolutely not the only way to learn by ourself. Sorry it's not what you want to hear but modern OS are too big for 1 man, evolving too fast, even those called Jollitz Tannenbaum or Linus, got replaced/ supplemented by Teams. Choose a project team an aspect/ technology within the team, that will be useful not a waste of time. I don't accept the conjecture that modern OSes are too big for one man. Modern OSes and their associated entourage of userpace and plugin modules maybe, but not the basic kernel/supervisor program. An OS is as big or small as you make it. I would like to eat this particular elephant one bite at a time. I agree
Re: stupid question about sendmail
On Fri, May 24, 2013, Trond Endrest?l wrote: On Fri, 24 May 2013 08:34-0700, Claus Assmann wrote: FEATURE(access_db, `hash -o -TTMPF /etc/mail/access') Do NOT use -o. Moreover, do not specify arguments that are default. Then I guess the defaults in freebsd.mc should be changed as well: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/base/stable/9/etc/sendmail/freebsd.mc?revision=249867view=markup That default was probably chosen so the MTA does not complain if the map doesn't exist. Of course that doesn't work so well if you really want to use the map but make some mistake -- then an error is silently ignored and you wonder Why doesn't this work? Hence for this case: do NOT use -o. ___ freebsd-hackers@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-hackers To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-hackers-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Writing a (BSD like) Operating Systems From Scratch
On Fri, May 24, 2013 at 04:57:44PM +, Welcome, Traiano wrote: Hi Julian Thanks, any response is appreciated, here's mine: I typed into Google: how to write an OS, and got lots of hits. Have you explored them? http://www.acm.uiuc.edu/sigops/roll_your_own/ http://mikeos.berlios.de/write-your-own-os.html http://stackoverflow.com/questions/254149/how-do-you-write-a-basic-operating-system -- Brian Reichert reich...@numachi.com BSD admin/developer at large ___ freebsd-hackers@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-hackers To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-hackers-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Writing a (BSD like) Operating Systems From Scratch
On 24/05/2013 15:45, Florent Peterschmitt wrote: Le 24/05/2013 18:57, Welcome, Traiano a écrit : Hi Julian Thanks, any response is appreciated, here's mine: -Original Message- From: owner-freebsd-hack...@freebsd.org [mailto:owner-freebsd- hack...@freebsd.org] On Behalf Of Julian H. Stacey Sent: 24 May 2013 15:39 To: Welcome, Traiano Cc: freebsd-hackers@freebsd.org Subject: Re: Writing a (BSD like) Operating Systems From Scratch Welcome, Traiano wrote: Hi All I've been read thousands of pages of FreeBSD and Linux Kernel source code and books on the internals of BSD and Linux over the years in attempt to develop a complete understanding of operating systems (or at least, UNIX like ones). However, I feel that I'm as mystified as to the finer details as when I first started. So I've concluded that the best way to really understand the deep dark details of UNIX is to try and write one from scratch (using the general guidelines of standards like POSIX etc ...), and maybe taking a peek at BSD and Linux from time to time. My questions around this are: Sorry, but your questions text (see mega line above, no folds ! Ugh) tell me A) You dont know enough, would be better working with an existing project, be it a BSD Linux Minix Sprite Mach whatever. Maybe also doing some formal training in OSs eg a Uni. degree in computing or whatever. Right on the mark, Julian! The don't know enough part especially, hence the _questions_ (Normally asked by people who don't know enough). May I ask where you get the divine wisdom to know where I would be better working with ? don't you think that would be best left up to me? So what if formal training in OSes is not an option to me ? Not all of us have the wealth and time, nor privilege of coming from a family that can afford such an education, like myself for example. What do you recommend for those of us who have neither the wealth nor luxury of time to pursue a Uni. degree in computing or whatever. ? You appear not to realize that to even begin working with one of the existing projects, you'd best have a solid understanding of OSes to begin with, which brings up an interesting catch -22 that goes something like: You can't join the club, because you don't know enough. You can't know enough 'till you join our club. Is that the case or am I mistaken ? I don't think there is any kind of club. There are just peoples that know better than others how does works one or many parts of the system, but not the entire system and other peoples krowing other parts, etc. You'll see (if not already) that everytime you discover new things, you discorver in the same time there is a lot to do more ! Even on a little system on a classic computer (ARM, x86…) B) You havent realised technology is moving faster with ever more more people working on OSs tools, its like looking in from the edge of an exploding galaxy trying to understand all within: by the time you do, its grown ! May I ask how you jumped to that conclusion? What makes you think I want to keep at the cutting edge of everything? All I want to begin at the very basis and build up from there at my own pace, until I'm capable of building something very Basic, functional and something I can use to illustrate to myself the design principles involved in building operating systems. C) If people devoted tons of time over years to help you along, it would be their your time wasted to achieve anothernice OS time that would be better spent if you they worked together on improving an existing OS - see (A) above. Where did you get the idea that I'm asking for tons of time over years ? Have you a record of me going around the internet pestering people for answers on how to build operating systems? All I asked for was a couple of links and pointers, maybe a good book or two. Besides, I'd be of no using helping to build spacecraft if I can barely build a cart, so no, my time would not be better spent helping people who really have a clue to improve existing OSes. Dont be so aggressive. He is juste saying it has much more chances to be a waste of time to _start and continue_ developping from scratch than continue developping existing projects. Starting from scratch is absolutely not the only way to learn by ourself. Sorry it's not what you want to hear but modern OS are too big for 1 man, evolving too fast, even those called Jollitz Tannenbaum or Linus, got replaced/ supplemented by Teams. Choose a project team an aspect/ technology within the team, that will be useful not a waste of time. I don't accept the conjecture that modern OSes are too big for one man. Modern OSes and their associated entourage of userpace and plugin modules maybe, but not the basic kernel/supervisor program. An OS is as big or small as you make it. I would like to eat
RE: Writing a (BSD like) Operating Systems From Scratch
Hi Brian Indeed I have, these particular three sites led to my formulation of those questions (see verdict inline): -Original Message- From: Brian Reichert [mailto:reich...@numachi.com] Sent: 24 May 2013 20:34 To: Welcome, Traiano Cc: Julian H. Stacey; freebsd-hackers@freebsd.org Subject: Re: Writing a (BSD like) Operating Systems From Scratch On Fri, May 24, 2013 at 04:57:44PM +, Welcome, Traiano wrote: Hi Julian Thanks, any response is appreciated, here's mine: I typed into Google: how to write an OS, and got lots of hits. Have you explored them? http://www.acm.uiuc.edu/sigops/roll_your_own/ Nice general outline, and I could possibly adopt the broad development approach there, but stuff like the following puts me completely off: - the testbed needs to be a 386 with at least 2 megs of ram an a network and video card - gcc-2.7.2.3 Later version will not work with c++ due to exception handlind (Seems a little too dated, I'd like an example based on current hardware and current toolchains) http://mikeos.berlios.de/write-your-own-os.html This is the best kickstarter for beginners I've found to date, definitely a resource I'll be using more often. http://stackoverflow.com/questions/254149/how-do-you-write-a- basic-operating-system Tanenbaum's books are classic. The challenge now (for me) is to apply the theory and examples in the book to something I've built and understand from the ground up. -- Brian Reichertreich...@numachi.com BSD admin/developer at large ___ freebsd-hackers@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-hackers To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-hackers-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: stupid question about sendmail
works fine after your advice. thank you very much. FEATURE(`access_db') FEATURE(`blacklist_recipients') On Fri, 24 May 2013, Claus Assmann wrote: On Fri, May 24, 2013, Trond Endrest?l wrote: [freebsd-hackers doesn't seem like the appropriate list...] FEATURE(access_db, `hash -o -TTMPF /etc/mail/access') Do NOT use -o. Moreover, do not specify arguments that are default. FEATURE(`access_db') is the best choice. One final(?) note: You might need this line as well: FEATURE(blacklist_recipients) That's not a might, that's a MUST for this case. Note: (sendmail's) cf/README is a rather useful document. ___ freebsd-hackers@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-hackers To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-hackers-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Low Tx-Rx performance with 10Gb NICs
Hello Axel Have you done any sysctl.conf tuning? Perhaps simply you don't have enough buffers. netstat -m will check for mbufs and vmstat -z will check for reached kernel limits. ___ freebsd-hackers@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-hackers To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-hackers-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Writing a (BSD like) Operating Systems From Scratch
I've been read thousands of pages of FreeBSD and Linux Kernel source code and books on the internals of BSD and Linux over the years in attempt to develop a complete understanding of operating systems (or at least, UNIX like ones). However, I feel that I'm as mystified as to the finer details as when I first started. So I've concluded that the best way to really understand the deep dark details of UNIX is to try and write one from scratch (using the general guidelines of standards like POSIX etc ...), and maybe taking a peek at BSD and Linux from time to time. My questions around this are: except writing TCP/IP stack and filesystem it should be possible to do by single person. a) What kind of hardware (processor) would I use as a development platform, given the requirements of cheap, well documented, easily obtainable, easy to debug etc ... I believe the hardware platform chosen should satisfy the following requirements: any except PCs unless you will like to deal with CPU and other (over)complexity. ___ freebsd-hackers@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-hackers To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-hackers-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Writing a (BSD like) Operating Systems From Scratch
On 5/24/2013 1:33 PM, Brian Reichert wrote: On Fri, May 24, 2013 at 04:57:44PM +, Welcome, Traiano wrote: Hi Julian Thanks, any response is appreciated, here's mine: I typed into Google: how to write an OS, and got lots of hits. Have you explored them? http://www.acm.uiuc.edu/sigops/roll_your_own/ http://mikeos.berlios.de/write-your-own-os.html http://stackoverflow.com/questions/254149/how-do-you-write-a-basic-operating-system Might I also recommend Contiki. I've never used it, but an existing, compact, full featured OS should be a good place to start. ___ freebsd-hackers@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-hackers To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-hackers-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Writing a (BSD like) Operating Systems From Scratch
Hello Joshua, i think you should try XV6, i am pretty one person can understand it to get a general yet down to the earth felling about a unix like system; then try with Minix2 http://pdos.csail.mit.edu/6.828/2012/xv6.html Tnx. -J.A. Garcia On Fri, May 24, 2013 at 5:18 PM, Joshua Isom jri...@gmail.com wrote: On 5/24/2013 1:33 PM, Brian Reichert wrote: On Fri, May 24, 2013 at 04:57:44PM +, Welcome, Traiano wrote: Hi Julian Thanks, any response is appreciated, here's mine: I typed into Google: how to write an OS, and got lots of hits. Have you explored them? http://www.acm.uiuc.edu/**sigops/roll_your_own/http://www.acm.uiuc.edu/sigops/roll_your_own/ http://mikeos.berlios.de/**write-your-own-os.htmlhttp://mikeos.berlios.de/write-your-own-os.html http://stackoverflow.com/**questions/254149/how-do-you-** write-a-basic-operating-systemhttp://stackoverflow.com/questions/254149/how-do-you-write-a-basic-operating-system Might I also recommend Contiki. I've never used it, but an existing, compact, full featured OS should be a good place to start. __**_ freebsd-hackers@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/**mailman/listinfo/freebsd-**hackershttp://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-hackers To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-hackers-unsubscribe@** freebsd.org freebsd-hackers-unsubscr...@freebsd.org ___ freebsd-hackers@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-hackers To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-hackers-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
RE: Writing a (BSD like) Operating Systems From Scratch
Hi Wojciech -Original Message- From: owner-freebsd-hack...@freebsd.org [mailto:owner-freebsd- hack...@freebsd.org] On Behalf Of Wojciech Puchar Sent: 24 May 2013 22:33 To: Welcome, Traiano Cc: freebsd-hackers@freebsd.org Subject: Re: Writing a (BSD like) Operating Systems From Scratch I've been read thousands of pages of FreeBSD and Linux Kernel source code and books on the internals of BSD and Linux over the years in attempt to develop a complete understanding of operating systems (or at least, UNIX like ones). However, I feel that I'm as mystified as to the finer details as when I first started. So I've concluded that the best way to really understand the deep dark details of UNIX is to try and write one from scratch (using the general guidelines of standards like POSIX etc ...), and maybe taking a peek at BSD and Linux from time to time. My questions around this are: except writing TCP/IP stack and filesystem it should be possible to do by single person. Agreed. Like everyone else, I'd pilfer the TCP/IP stack. Although a rudimentary filesystem may actually be doable by one person (hmmm ... reiser comes to mind ;-) ) a) What kind of hardware (processor) would I use as a development platform, given the requirements of cheap, well documented, easily obtainable, easy to debug etc ... I believe the hardware platform chosen should satisfy the following requirements: any except PCs unless you will like to deal with CPU and other (over)complexity. Exactly my thinking. Most of the online links to operating system development involve x86 hardware, although more and more Microcontrollers are appearing for embedded market with features that previously only existed in mainstream microprocessors. Ideally, the platform I'd choose would have a small enough instruction set to learn (small relative to Intel's mainstream processors), maybe something like the ARM processor used on Raspberry Pi, or Zilog's ez80 Acclaim series. ___ freebsd-hackers@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-hackers To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-hackers- unsubscr...@freebsd.org ___ freebsd-hackers@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-hackers To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-hackers-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
