Re: One or Four?
On 17/02/2012 22:17, Chuck Swiger wrote: On Feb 17, 2012, at 2:05 PM, Robison, Dave wrote: We'd like a show of hands to see if folks prefer the old style default with 4 partitions and swap, or the newer iteration with 1 partition and swap. For a user/desktop machine, I prefer one root partition. For other roles like a server, I prefer multiple partitions which have been sized for the intended usage. I thought the installer switched to the one-partition style based on disk size? Whatever. Personally I much prefer using one big partition, even for servers -- this applies to /, /usr, /usr/local, /var -- standard OS level bits, and not to application specific bits like partitions dedicated to RDBMS data areas (particularly if the application needs to write a lot of data). Having /tmp on a separate memory backed fiesystem is important though: if sshd can't create its socket there, then you won't be able to login remotely and fix things. The reasoning is simple: running out of space in any partition requires expensive sys-admin intervention to fix. The root partition has historically been a particular problem in this regard. Even if it is just log files filling up /var -- sure you can just remove some files, but why would you keep the logs in the first place if they weren't important? Splitting space up into many small pieces means each piece has limited headroom in which to expand. Having effectively one common chunk of free space makes that scenario much less likely[*]. Yes, in principle you can fill up the entire disk like this. However, firstly, on FreeBSD that doesn't actually tend to kill the server entirely, unless the workload is write-heavy (but see the caveat above about application specific partitions) and the system will generally carry on perfectly happily if you can get rid of some files and create space. [Note: this is not true of most OSes -- FreeBSD is particularly good in this regard.] Secondly, typical server grade hardware will have something like 80--120GB for system drives nowadays. FreeBSD + a selection of server applications takes under 5GB. Even allowing for a pretty large load of application data, you're going to have tens of Gb of free space there. Generally your monitoring is going to flag that the disk is filling up well before the space does run out. Yes, I know there are disaster scenarios where the disk fills up in minutes; you're screwed whatever partitioning scheme you use in those cases, just a few seconds slower than in the multiple partitions case. Cheers Matthew [*] Mostly I prefer ZFS nowadays, which renders this whole argument moot, as having one common pool of free space is exactly how ZFS works. -- Dr Matthew J Seaman MA, D.Phil. 7 Priory Courtyard Flat 3 PGP: http://www.infracaninophile.co.uk/pgpkey Ramsgate JID: matt...@infracaninophile.co.uk Kent, CT11 9PW signature.asc Description: OpenPGP digital signature
Re: /usr/home vs /home
On Sat, 18 Feb 2012 13:16:39 +1000, Da Rock wrote: On 02/18/12 12:16, Daniel Staal wrote: --As of February 17, 2012 11:46:23 PM +0100, Polytropon is alleged to have said: Well, to be honest, I never liked the old style default with /home being part of /usr. As I mentioned before, _my_ default style for separated partitions include: / swap /tmp /var /usr /home In special cases, add /opt or /scratch as separate partitions with intendedly limited sizes. You can see that all user data is kept independently from the rest of the system. It can easily be switched over to a separate home disk if needed. --As for the rest, it is mine. I'm in agreement with you on that I like to have /home be a separate partition, and not under /usr. (Of course, my current zfs system has 40 partitions...) Partly though I recognize that I like it because that's what I'm used to, and how I learned to set it up originally. (My first unix experience was with OpenBSD, over 10 years ago now.) I've never seen anything listing the main reasons for having /home under /usr though. I figure there must be a decent reason why. Would anyone care to enlighten me? What are the perceived advantages? (Particularly if you then make a symlink to /home.) I always thought /usr was like user partition :) There are two major definitions: /usr = Unix system resources /usr = user and system binaries FreeBSD's explaination can be obtained from man hier, where contains the majority of user utilities and applications is provided. Some UNIX systems, in particular IRIX, if I remember correctly, also placed the home subtree into the /usr partition, even though they called it /usr/people... FreeBSD's reason for making /home@ - /usr/home is a traditional thing too, I think. As you said, balancing or estimating disk sizes can be tricky, so /home and /usr made a deal to reduce the guessing from 2 to 1. :-) Historical background needed. But seriously, for the pedantic yes, but for a desktop user (at least) having home on /usr partition makes sense - balances space and functionality; plus a lack of nodes on the disk for partitions? Limit was 8 I think. I think h is the last letter, with b reserved for swap and c reserved for the whole partition (the traditional partitioning scheme ad0[a-h], I'm not looking at GPT ad0p[0-9*] right now). But now with /usr/home if you want to install from ports it can take a few gig, but that can be wasted because you're not always installing from ports, so might as well share space with the home directories and balance that way. You could, on the other hand, move ports stuff into /home if there's more space available. You need more space for building (downloading sources, extraction, compiling etc.) than for the result that's going to be installed into /usr/local. -- Polytropon Magdeburg, Germany Happy FreeBSD user since 4.0 Andra moi ennepe, Mousa, ... ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: /usr/home vs /home (was: Re: One or Four?)
On Sat, 18 Feb 2012 00:05:49 -0600 (CST), Lars Eighner wrote: It seems to me that partition and mount point are being confused to a degree. There is no reason what is mounted at /usr/home cannot be a separate partition as well as if it were mounted at root. I thought of this fact as such an obvious thing that I didn't bother even mentioning it. :-) Of course, /usr/home can be a separate partition (even on a separate disk), just like /usr/ports or /usr/obj or even /usr/local could be. I've also seen systems having several subtrees in /export, each one being on an individual partition, some of them even on an own disk. There are some good reasons for the user directories (and perhaps some other data) to be on a separate partition - mostly the reasons relate to ease of back up and migration whether planned or emergency. Arguments about where to mount that partition are not so practical, being more in the philosophic and historical realm. Pick one, recognize not everyone will be on the same page and put appropriate links in. I'd still be interested in why this particular location has been chosen. The typical access path for home directories is /home (that's why the symlink), and as long as this top level entry points to the proper data (no matter where they are located), it should be fine. There may have been a historic reason, but now it is philosophical - trying to keep the system and userland distinction clear. But there are many flaws in the attempted separation. /var for example is the default location for many logs, both system and user, the spools (remember news?), and databases. You really cannot drop /usr into a different system and have an operational result. Correct. Also see the difference in usage interpretation for /tmp (not guaranteed to be present after reboot) and /var/tmp (should be present in the same state after reboot). The separation of concepts FreeBSD is famous for basically is the OS (primarily /, /etc, /(s)bin, /usr/(s)bin) that provides the minimal functionality to bring up the operating system even in worst case, where only the root partition needs to be mounted, which can be done in read-only mode, to finally reach the single- user mode, and 3rd party applications (everything in /usr/local). However, both system and 3rd party programs access things in /var or /tmp. Not having actual _user_ data in between can be a benefit especially when something goes wrong. (I put the home directories, the www directory, databases and spools all on the same physical partition which I mount arbitrarily at /usr/local/data. It isn't exactly plug-n-play, but in tests and emergencies is has proved practical to drop the partition into several linices with a high level of functionally - depending on application versioning being close to in sync.) And I assume you still have /home pointing to the correct location on that new path? -- Polytropon Magdeburg, Germany Happy FreeBSD user since 4.0 Andra moi ennepe, Mousa, ... ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: /usr/home vs /home
On 02/18/12 20:22, Polytropon wrote: On Sat, 18 Feb 2012 00:05:49 -0600 (CST), Lars Eighner wrote: It seems to me that partition and mount point are being confused to a degree. There is no reason what is mounted at /usr/home cannot be a separate partition as well as if it were mounted at root. I thought of this fact as such an obvious thing that I didn't bother even mentioning it. :-) Of course, /usr/home can be a separate partition (even on a separate disk), just like /usr/ports or /usr/obj or even /usr/local could be. I've also seen systems having several subtrees in /export, each one being on an individual partition, some of them even on an own disk. There are some good reasons for the user directories (and perhaps some other data) to be on a separate partition - mostly the reasons relate to ease of back up and migration whether planned or emergency. Arguments about where to mount that partition are not so practical, being more in the philosophic and historical realm. Pick one, recognize not everyone will be on the same page and put appropriate links in. I'd still be interested in why this particular location has been chosen. The typical access path for home directories is /home (that's why the symlink), and as long as this top level entry points to the proper data (no matter where they are located), it should be fine. There may have been a historic reason, but now it is philosophical - trying to keep the system and userland distinction clear. But there are many flaws in the attempted separation. /var for example is the default location for many logs, both system and user, the spools (remember news?), and databases. You really cannot drop /usr into a different system and have an operational result. Correct. Also see the difference in usage interpretation for /tmp (not guaranteed to be present after reboot) and /var/tmp (should be present in the same state after reboot). The separation of concepts FreeBSD is famous for basically is the OS (primarily /, /etc, /(s)bin, /usr/(s)bin) that provides the minimal functionality to bring up the operating system even in worst case, where only the root partition needs to be mounted, which can be done in read-only mode, to finally reach the single- user mode, and 3rd party applications (everything in /usr/local). However, both system and 3rd party programs access things in /var or /tmp. Not having actual _user_ data in between can be a benefit especially when something goes wrong. (I put the home directories, the www directory, databases and spools all on the same physical partition which I mount arbitrarily at /usr/local/data. It isn't exactly plug-n-play, but in tests and emergencies is has proved practical to drop the partition into several linices with a high level of functionally - depending on application versioning being close to in sync.) And I assume you still have /home pointing to the correct location on that new path? I think it all depends particularly on what you're using the system for, really. Say you were going to run a print server, or a logging server, or some other service, then you would arrange the system accordingly. I notice that the general use case of www is already arranged to provide this - the webroot is setup on the usr/local/www, but that could be a mounted partition there too; it does protect the novice. OTOH if you were setting up a print server, you would probably put a spool partition specifically for that purpose where needed. That way if you get a lot of large print jobs you're covered. This general layout (the traditional one, to clarify: /, /var, /tmp, /usr) offers the most protection and instruction to the novice user, and usually works well in most general cases. I have yet to try ZFS (lack of resources really), but when I can I will setup a SAN and it will be interesting to see how this works and I probably will use a single partition. But for the general filesystem I doubt a single partition will cut it (I could be a stick in the mud though :) ), and I highly recommend this path for the new user; especially using a desktop. BTW I was intending to put across the concept of /usr being user related - anything a user may need or use; as opposed to / for the system related stuff that keeps it running. Maybe I wasn't as clear as I had thought... :) ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
ZFS question
Good morning, On a small system using FreeBSD 9.0-RELEASE, ZFS is reporting an issue on a pool, that I am not certain is really an issue, but I don't know how to investgate... Here is the situation: I have created a ZFS pool on an external 1TB Maxstor USB drive. The ZFS pool sees little or no activity, I haven't started using it for real yet. The drive spins down frequently because of lack of activity, and takes quite a few seconds to spin up. Now, I frequently get errors in the 'zpool status' thus (like, a couple of times per day): [denis@datasink] ~ zpool status -v pool: maxstor state: ONLINE status: One or more devices has experienced an unrecoverable error. An attempt was made to correct the error. Applications are unaffected. action: Determine if the device needs to be replaced, and clear the errors using 'zpool clear' or replace the device with 'zpool replace'. see: http://www.sun.com/msg/ZFS-8000-9P scan: scrub repaired 0 in 0h0m with 0 errors on Sat Feb 18 08:49:41 2012 config: NAME STATE READ WRITE CKSUM maxstor ONLINE 0 0 0 gptid/64a30ca9-56ad-11e1-80c4-24ce7c30 ONLINE 1 0 0 errors: No known data errors [denis@datasink] ~ zpool iostat -v maxstor capacity operations bandwidth poolalloc free read write read write -- - - - - - - maxstor 1.10M 928G 0 0 455 1.11K gptid/64a30ca9-56ad-11e1-80c4-24ce7c30 1.10M 928G 0 0455 1.11K -- - - - - - - I know that this sounds bad for the drive, but I cannot find anywhere in my logs (/var/log/messages, dmesg, etc) a reference to this supposed 'unrecoverable error' that the drive has had, and the resilvering *always* works. I am wondering whether it might not simply be a timeout issue, that is: the drive is taking too long to spin up, which causes a timeout and a read error to be reported, which then disappears completely once the drive has spun up. Does anybody have a suggestion about how I could go about investigating this issue? Shouldn't there be a log of the 'unrecoverable error' somewhere? Thank you all, Denis ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: One or Four?
On 2/17/12 11:05 PM, Robison, Dave wrote: Hiya, [snip] We realize that one can use bsdinstall to create as many partitions as one wants. However, the new default is for one partition and swap. We want to know if people would prefer the older style default with four partitions and swap when selecting Guided Partitioning and Use Entire Disk. Let the majority decide which layout is preferred for the default. Thanks, Dave Seeing as people using the default are likely to be novices, I vote in favor of ONE. The reasoning being that novices are less likely to be able to correctly size their /usr and /var than a seasoned sysadmin. ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: One or Four?
On 2/17/12 11:40 PM, Maxim Khitrov wrote: On Fri, Feb 17, 2012 at 5:05 PM, Robison, Dave david.robi...@fisglobal.com wrote: Hiya, A question has arisen with the implementation of bsdinstall in 9.x as opposed to sysinstall in 8.x and previous versions of FreeBSD. It has always been FreeBSD's default to create four partitions and swap as such: / /tmp /var /usr swap The recent changes in 9.x with bsdinstall use a default behavior which creates only one partition and swap, with everything living under a single / partition as such: / swap We'd like a show of hands to see if folks prefer the old style default with 4 partitions and swap, or the newer iteration with 1 partition and swap. This is not a discussion of MBR vs GPT. The default moving forward from 9.x will be to use GPT. We realize that one can use bsdinstall to create as many partitions as one wants. However, the new default is for one partition and swap. We want to know if people would prefer the older style default with four partitions and swap when selecting Guided Partitioning and Use Entire Disk. Let the majority decide which layout is preferred for the default. / and /usr should be merged together, /var should stay separate, and /tmp should be tmpfs :) On topic, have the bugs been fixed where a tmpfs partition would gradually lose usable size, down to 0kb eventually ? ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: DNS - slaving the root zone
On 2/18/12 12:57 AM, Doug Barton wrote: To clarify, almost universally the opposition to the idea centers around the problems of users who enable this method, and then don't notice if something changes/breaks, resulting in a stale zone (or zones, depending on what you choose to slave). I have always acknowledged that this is a valid concern, just not one that I think overwhelms the virtues of doing the slaving in the first place. Could you elaborate on the something changes/breaks, admin doesn't notice, results in a stale zone bit ? I fail to see the circumstances under which that could happen. The method currently in comments in /etc/namedb/named.conf suggests servers generously provided by ICANN that are dedicated to allowing AXFR of various infrastructure zones. (Note, ICANN does not necessarily endorse the idea of slaving these zones for resolvers, but I do have their permission to include these servers in our named.conf.) That alleviates one of the other criticisms of slaving these zones, as it presents no load on the actual root servers at all. So in short, this is an excellent idea, I've been doing it/recommending it for years, and assuming you have the knowledge/ability to keep your resolvers up to date (and/or you're tracking our named.conf where I do it for you) then it's totally safe to do. Indeed, been deleting the traditional hint file based . zone for a while and using the slaving mechanism for over a year already, works fine enough for us. You have me somewhat worried with the bit about something breaking though, thus the call for details ;) ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: /usr/home vs /home
On 18/02/2012 10:44, Da Rock wrote: I have yet to try ZFS (lack of resources really), but when I can I will setup a SAN and it will be interesting to see how this works and I probably will use a single partition. But for the general filesystem I doubt a single partition will cut it (I could be a stick in the mud though :) ), and I highly recommend this path for the new user; especially using a desktop. Your statement here makes some assumptions about the way ZFS works which aren't the case. ZFS doesn't have partitions in the sense of areas of disk space reserved for a particular filesystem. It has two concepts: the zpool and the zfs. The zpool is about the collection of hardware used to provide the disk space. This incorporates all of the ideas about mirroring or RAIDZx or log devices of various types or spare drives. (Essentially what you'ld otherwise get from a very expensive raid controller.) The zfs is a chunk of filesystem namespace designated for a specific purpose. You can use a zfs as a raw partition, but it is very much more common for it to be used as a filesystem. zfses look quite a lot like partitions, but they are really quite fundamentally different. The basic storage unit used by ZFS is a 128kB block. The blocks used by a particular zfs can appear anywhere on the zpool, and unless the ZFS has been administratively limited to a particular size, the free space available to the zfs is exactly the free space available on the entire zpool. Looked at that way, you can see it as essentially one big partition spanning the entire zpool. Cheers, Matthew -- Dr Matthew J Seaman MA, D.Phil. 7 Priory Courtyard Flat 3 PGP: http://www.infracaninophile.co.uk/pgpkey Ramsgate JID: matt...@infracaninophile.co.uk Kent, CT11 9PW signature.asc Description: OpenPGP digital signature
Re: /usr/home vs /home
On Sat, 18 Feb 2012 20:44:13 +1000, Da Rock wrote: BTW I was intending to put across the concept of /usr being user related - anything a user may need or use; as opposed to / for the system related stuff that keeps it running. Maybe I wasn't as clear as I had thought... :) There's lots of philosophy, tradition and vanished differentiation in this field. The manpage man hier provides a good explaination for the layout chosen for FreeBSD. However, there are questions that may arise: What kind of programs? Those called by users, by the system, or by other programs (see libexec)? What's the difference between /bin and /sbin, same for /usr/bin and /usr/sbin? Could they maybe be merged when their functionality is similar and they reside on the same partition (file system) anyway? The /etc directory - editable text configuration :-) - historically also contained binaries like /etc/mount or /etc/GETTY. Depending on its location, one can assume that it controls OS things only. Wrong. In many cases, /etc/rc.conf also contains settings for enabling services installed by ports. Even though FreeBSD can use /etc/rc.conf.local (has been known in OpenBSD for non-OS setup stuff), most things are found in the system-wide file. But the corresponding start scripts are in /usr/local/etc/rc.d. Why no /usr/local/etc/rc.conf? But as rc.conf is just a file to associate variables with names, there's no problem if they are defined, but not used (e. g. in a limited system state after encountering a problem)... Luckily, most software installed from ports keeps its settings out of /etc and uses /usr/local/etc instead. Having _known_ locations for settings makes it easy to back them up. How about X on desktops? /etc/X11 is the common location for config files (if used), but per deduction, they should be in /usr/local/etc/X11 as X is a port, not a part of the OS. What about the configuration of xdm? Why isn't it stored in some /usr/local/etc subtree, but instead /usr/local/lib/X11/xdm/ is used? This short list is just to mention the loads of philosophy hidden within the system. :-) -- Polytropon Magdeburg, Germany Happy FreeBSD user since 4.0 Andra moi ennepe, Mousa, ... ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: /usr/home vs /home
On 02/18/12 21:23, Matthew Seaman wrote: On 18/02/2012 10:44, Da Rock wrote: I have yet to try ZFS (lack of resources really), but when I can I will setup a SAN and it will be interesting to see how this works and I probably will use a single partition. But for the general filesystem I doubt a single partition will cut it (I could be a stick in the mud though :) ), and I highly recommend this path for the new user; especially using a desktop. Your statement here makes some assumptions about the way ZFS works which aren't the case. I don't think I'm making as much sense as I think I am - I must be really tired :) Thats not what I was actually saying. My point was I know ZFS is very different, but something like UFS isn't really up to a single partition. ZFS doesn't have partitions in the sense of areas of disk space reserved for a particular filesystem. It has two concepts: the zpool and the zfs. The zpool is about the collection of hardware used to provide the disk space. This incorporates all of the ideas about mirroring or RAIDZx or log devices of various types or spare drives. (Essentially what you'ld otherwise get from a very expensive raid controller.) The zfs is a chunk of filesystem namespace designated for a specific purpose. You can use a zfs as a raw partition, but it is very much more common for it to be used as a filesystem. zfses look quite a lot like partitions, but they are really quite fundamentally different. The basic storage unit used by ZFS is a 128kB block. The blocks used by a particular zfs can appear anywhere on the zpool, and unless the ZFS has been administratively limited to a particular size, the free space available to the zfs is exactly the free space available on the entire zpool. Looked at that way, you can see it as essentially one big partition spanning the entire zpool. I've been idly looking through ZFS concepts for a little while now, but not all of it has sunk in yet. I was going to just jump when I could and see what hot water I dropped in and learn to swim really quick :) How you have described it here has cleared a couple of foggy points for me. Cheers, I owe you a beer ;) If I may, can I ask a quick question: My main misgivings about ZFS have been speed, ram use, and up till about a year ago or so relative 'youth' (at least on FreeBSD). What would be the minimum ram you would use for a high disk use? And what would be recommended to use for the caching? I was thinking 8G ram and either a high quality usb/SD(/CF?) disk or a sata II/III SSD for cache. ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: /usr/home vs /home
On 02/18/12 21:39, Polytropon wrote: On Sat, 18 Feb 2012 20:44:13 +1000, Da Rock wrote: BTW I was intending to put across the concept of /usr being user related - anything a user may need or use; as opposed to / for the system related stuff that keeps it running. Maybe I wasn't as clear as I had thought... :) There's lots of philosophy, tradition and vanished differentiation in this field. The manpage man hier provides a good explaination for the layout chosen for FreeBSD. However, there are questions that may arise: What kind of programs? Those called by users, by the system, or by other programs (see libexec)? /usr/local/libexec is used by the programs usually initiated by users. As per the man /libexec contains sub programs for those in /bin or /sbin. The programs are usually run by users, or run as a user themselves (multiuser mode). What's the difference between /bin and /sbin, same for /usr/bin and /usr/sbin? Could they maybe be merged when their functionality is similar and they reside on the same partition (file system) anyway? Single-user mode v multiuser mode. Most of those in /bin /sbin are required minimal to revive a non functioning system. The /etc directory - editable text configuration :-) - historically also contained binaries like /etc/mount or /etc/GETTY. Depending on its location, one can assume that it controls OS things only. Wrong. In many cases, /etc/rc.conf also contains settings for enabling services installed by ports. Even though FreeBSD can use /etc/rc.conf.local (has been known in OpenBSD for non-OS setup stuff), most things are found in the system-wide file. But the corresponding start scripts are in /usr/local/etc/rc.d. Why no /usr/local/etc/rc.conf? But as rc.conf is just a file to associate variables with names, there's no problem if they are defined, but not used (e. g. in a limited system state after encountering a problem)... I think you _could_ use /usr/local/etc/rc.conf (or .local). I'd have to look it up to be sure, but I'm sure I've stumbled on it. Most of us are lazy though :) easier in just one file... besides, handbook says so so it must be right :) Luckily, most software installed from ports keeps its settings out of /etc and uses /usr/local/etc instead. Having _known_ locations for settings makes it easy to back them up. How about X on desktops? /etc/X11 is the common location for config files (if used), but per deduction, they should be in /usr/local/etc/X11 as X is a port, not a part of the OS. What about the configuration of xdm? Why isn't it stored in some /usr/local/etc subtree, but instead /usr/local/lib/X11/xdm/ is used? X11 I think is. It just isn't completely filled with the conf files - but you can override the globals there if you choose. It does get confusing though. XDM is an embarrassment :P It _should_ be run as a daemon from rc.conf, but you set it in /etc/tty, so no real surprise that its conf files are chaotic too... This short list is just to mention the loads of philosophy hidden within the system. :-) I'm no expert, but for the most part it all makes sense (I think); either that or I could be suffering from stockholm syndrome :) ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
add new encryption algorithm to racoon
Hi, I developed an encryption algorithm for freeBsd crypto module. I want to add this algorithm to racoon ipsec-tools for freebsd that it can recognize it In it's config file and use it for encryption connections. I use the 'des' algorithm as a sample and create C files and headers same as it in all part Of racoon source code. In compile time it make this this error: -- … /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/libtool --tag=CC--mode=link cc -D_GNU_SOURCE -DSYSCONFDIR=/usr/local/etc/racoon -DADMINPORTDIR=/var/db/racoon -pipe -g -Wall -Werror -Wno-unused -lcrypto -rpath=/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib -o eaytest eaytest.o plog.o logger.o crypto_openssl_test.o vmbuf.o str2val.o misc_noplog.o -lradius -lutil -lcrypto -lreadline -lcrypt -lcrypt -L/lib -R/lib -lradius libtool: link: cc -D_GNU_SOURCE -DSYSCONFDIR=/usr/local/etc/racoon -DADMINPORTDIR=/var/db/racoon -pipe -g -Wall -Werror -Wno-unused -rpath=/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib -o eaytest eaytest.o plog.o logger.o crypto_openssl_test.o vmbuf.o str2val.o misc_noplog.o -lutil -lcrypto -lreadline -lcrypt -L/lib -lradius -Wl,-rpath -Wl,/lib crypto_openssl_test.o(.text+0x2620): In function `eay_sa3_weakkey': ./crypto_openssl.c:1314: undefined reference to `SA3_is_weak_key' crypto_openssl_test.o(.text+0x2637): In function `eay_sa3_keylen': ./crypto_openssl.c:1322: undefined reference to `EVP_sa3_cbc' *** Error code 1 Stop in /usr/ports/security/ipsec-tools/work/ipsec-tools-0.7.3/src/racoon. *** Error code 1 … I edit /usr/include/evp.h and add the name of functions but it not work. Should i edit the /usr/src/crypto/openssl directory's content to add my algorithm? Should i Edit the libcrypto or libssl library to add my algorithm? What should I do? Thanks. ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: /usr/home vs /home (was: Re: One or Four?)
Hi, On Saturday 18 February 2012 13:05:49 Lars Eighner wrote: On Fri, 17 Feb 2012, Daniel Staal wrote: I've never seen anything listing the main reasons for having /home under /usr though. I figure there must be a decent reason why. Would anyone care to enlighten me? What are the perceived advantages? (Particularly if you then make a symlink to /home.) There may have been a historic reason, but now it is philosophical - trying when I got my hands for the first time on a BSD system, the machine has had several 5MB hard disks. I assume that what now is called partitioning came from the need to have several disks to run a serious system. And yes, it was possible to boot and run BSD with at least 20 users on several 5MB disks. Erich ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Adobe Linux Flash (Success)
On 02/17/12 20:24, Frank Shute wrote: I'd recommend www/xpi-flashblock. You can whitelist sites such as Youtube and the bbc whilst blocking the crappy flash adverts that are a feature of too many sites on the web. Especially useful if you're on a narrowband connection or metered. Regards, Why do you use the port over the add-on? ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Adobe Linux Flash
On 02/18/12 01:44, Robert Bonomi wrote: Try: find / -name 'ld-linux.so*' -print (including the single-quotes) If you do _NOT_ get a listing from that, you didn't just delete the symlink, you wiped out the actual shared library, and will have to re-install it. I do get a listing. I wrote in another email that the cause of the problem was no plugins directory under .Mozilla. Once I manually created the directory and ran the nspluginwrapper again flash is now working. ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: When I put up any version of FBSD I usually try to install Maxima. Which fails because the sub-install of gnuplot fails.
On 28 January 2012 19:54, Henry Olyer henry.ol...@gmail.com wrote: I've been using FBSD since 2000 and a Macsyma user since 1976. And done my own FBSD installs since 5.1, I think, maybe a few before. For those early years I was content to install a lisp and then do my own FTP's, getting maxima and doing things manually. No problems. But the installs have never worked. Specificially, using the sysinstall tool, going to Packages, going to Math, and dropping down to Maxima, FAILS!!! And a few years ago everyone yelled at me and said I was wrong. But I've had this problem on at least a dozen machines, from laptop's to desktops, to blades. And when Gnuplot failed to install that stopped the installation of maxima. So I did workarounds but lost graphing and other resources. I did face a gnuplot-related problem while trying to install maxima from ports on 8-STABLE sometime back. Turned out that I had changed some build flag for one of the ports on that gnuplot depended on, causing it to depend back on gnuplot. So when I built maxima, it would go to gnuplot and then just keep cycling through a whole lot of dependencies. I am not able to recall which port caused the problem, but if this is related to the problem you are facing and you haven't changed any build options, it should build properly. Cheers Gautham ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Adobe Linux Flash (Success)
On 02/18/12 23:03, sean wrote: On 02/17/12 20:24, Frank Shute wrote: I'd recommend www/xpi-flashblock. You can whitelist sites such as Youtube and the bbc whilst blocking the crappy flash adverts that are a feature of too many sites on the web. Especially useful if you're on a narrowband connection or metered. Regards, Why do you use the port over the add-on? Meh. You can use either, but it will need to be downloaded and installed for each user if you use add-on. With port, you only download once and can copy to the user config in their directory. More a sysadmin thing - centralised control. ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: /usr/home vs /home
On 18/02/2012 11:36, Da Rock wrote: If I may, can I ask a quick question: My main misgivings about ZFS have been speed, ram use, and up till about a year ago or so relative 'youth' (at least on FreeBSD). What would be the minimum ram you would use for a high disk use? And what would be recommended to use for the caching? I was thinking 8G ram and either a high quality usb/SD(/CF?) disk or a sata II/III SSD for cache. Yes -- ZFS uses RAM heavily to improve performance. I've a VM running ZFS with only 1GB which is pretty slow. Mind you, a similar VM with UFS is also pretty slow. For an actual machine, about 4GB makes a reasonable ZFS system. More is better though; 8GB is what I'd recommend. ZFS speed is on the whole pretty reasonable. It doesn't do small, randomized IO very effectively, so it's not ideal to run a database on. Other than that, for a home e-mail / web /fileserver ZFS is just fine. I haven't tried SSDs or anything like that -- that's an optimization to improve latency when accessing lots of different files, and my usage doesn't really justify it. Try it without before spending any money on SSDs. It may well be good enough, but if it isn't then adding SSDs and making ZFS use them for ZIL or cache is pretty simple (and doesn't require any downtime.) Cheers, Matthew -- Dr Matthew J Seaman MA, D.Phil. 7 Priory Courtyard Flat 3 PGP: http://www.infracaninophile.co.uk/pgpkey Ramsgate JID: matt...@infracaninophile.co.uk Kent, CT11 9PW signature.asc Description: OpenPGP digital signature
Re: One or Four?
From owner-freebsd-questi...@freebsd.org Sat Feb 18 01:59:53 2012 From: Doug Hardie bc...@lafn.org Date: Fri, 17 Feb 2012 23:54:36 -0800 To: Robert Bonomi bon...@mail.r-bonomi.com Cc: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Subject: Re: One or Four? On 17 February 2012, at 23:21, Robert Bonomi wrote: From owner-freebsd-questi...@freebsd.org Fri Feb 17 19:56:00 2012 From: Doug Hardie bc...@lafn.org Date: Fri, 17 Feb 2012 17:50:44 -0800 To: FreeBSD Mailing List freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Subject: Re: One or Four? On Feb 17, 2012, at 2:05 PM, Robison, Dave wrote: We'd like a show of hands to see if folks prefer the old style default with 4 partitions and swap, or the newer iteration with 1 partition and swap. I only run servers and set them up with /, /usr, and swap. Other partitions are placed on other disks with typically one partition per disk. I link /var and /tmp into /usr. That last is a *BAD*IDEA*(tm). There _are_ programs that assume that /var/tmp and /usr/tmp are *different* places -- and will attempt to create 'distinct' files _with_the_same_name_ in the two diretories. I am sure you can find programs that presume anything you want. I have never seen one that does that. If I did find one, it would be easy to correct that misguided thinking. Those who are unwilling to learn from history are doomed to repeat it applies. I state as a fact that I have been called in -- *more*than*once* -- to attempt to recover data that had been trashed as a result of what was eventually determined to be that specific issue. As for your claim of it being 'easy to correct that misguided thinking' -- that is an outright lie, when one is dealing with COTS software for which one does not have the source-code. There is also the 'minor' matter of establishing that 'that' -was- the cause of the problems. ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Bridge wired / wireless without hosting the network - is this possible
Hi all, Apologies if this has come up before but I can't see anything with a quick google. What I want to do is setup a bridge between my wireless network and a wired one. Hostap I hear everyone cry but I don't think that will work because I don't want to create a wireless network - I want to join an existing one because this box won't be turned on all the time. I also need the bridging desktop to have a DHCP acquired IP because it want to have internet access (I mainly use it for Scala dev). Essentially, the network looks like this: [Internet Router w/ DHCP] -wired--[Switch] ---wired---[Airport Express]**wireless**[Desktop w/Freebsd9]---wired-[ReadyNAS] What I want to do is have the freebsd (dual boot wi/ Windows) desktop bridge to the readyNAS when it's turned on via the wireless LAN so that I can access files on it. Unfortunately I can't connect the readyNAS to the switch because the switch is in the living room and the readyNAS is too noisy. When the desktop is running Windows 7 this is dead easy, but I can't figure out how to do it under FreeBSD. Any ideas? Thanks, Mark signature.asc Description: Message signed with OpenPGP using GPGMail
Question regarding SPF records
I am inquiring about how to setup a proper SPF record. I know there are SPF wizards/generators available but each seem to have a different opinion of what should be included and what should not be included. Let me give you a scenario of my setup, and hopefully someone can help me out. My domain is: test.com My mailserver hostname is: mail.host.com which also has a MATCHING PTR record mail.host.com (for example) resolves to 50.1.1.1 and 50.1.1.1 resolves to mail.host.com This is a STANDALONE mail server which will receive and send email without any VIP's or load balancing. There is however one additional host that will send out mail from the domain but it wont be receiving mail, it will only be used as an SMTP (outbound only) server attached to a website automailer which is on a seperate webserver... It only generates error reports and sends them out... so technically it isn't a full mail server but it will be sending (outbound only) mail on behalf of the domain. The additional host is: mail2.test.com which resolves to 50.2.2.2 and there is a Matching PTR. These are the ONLY mail servers and IP addresses that will be sending out mail from the test.com domain. Some websites say I should use -all and others say -all will cause some MTA's to reject and ~all is better to use even if those are the only two hosts sending out mail. Would you be able to assist with a solid SPF record? ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Question regarding SPF records
On Feb 18, 2012 8:53 AM, Jonathan Vomacka juvi...@gmail.com wrote: I am inquiring about how to setup a proper SPF record. I know there are SPF wizards/generators available but each seem to have a different opinion of what should be included and what should not be included. Let me give you a scenario of my setup, and hopefully someone can help me out. My domain is: test.com My mailserver hostname is: mail.host.com which also has a MATCHING PTR record mail.host.com (for example) resolves to 50.1.1.1 and 50.1.1.1 resolves to mail.host.com This is a STANDALONE mail server which will receive and send email without any VIP's or load balancing. There is however one additional host that will send out mail from the domain but it wont be receiving mail, it will only be used as an SMTP (outbound only) server attached to a website automailer which is on a seperate webserver... It only generates error reports and sends them out... so technically it isn't a full mail server but it will be sending (outbound only) mail on behalf of the domain. The additional host is: mail2.test.com which resolves to 50.2.2.2 and there is a Matching PTR. These are the ONLY mail servers and IP addresses that will be sending out mail from the test.com domain. Some websites say I should use -all and others say -all will cause some MTA's to reject and ~all is better to use even if those are the only two hosts sending out mail. Would you be able to assist with a solid SPF record? ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org I usually choose soft fail because a user might decide to use a mobile device for email. Waitman Gobble San Jose California USA ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Question regarding SPF records
On 2/18/2012 12:18 PM, Waitman Gobble wrote: On Feb 18, 2012 8:53 AM, Jonathan Vomacka juvi...@gmail.com mailto:juvi...@gmail.com wrote: I am inquiring about how to setup a proper SPF record. I know there are SPF wizards/generators available but each seem to have a different opinion of what should be included and what should not be included. Let me give you a scenario of my setup, and hopefully someone can help me out. My domain is: test.com http://test.com My mailserver hostname is: mail.host.com http://mail.host.com which also has a MATCHING PTR record mail.host.com http://mail.host.com (for example) resolves to 50.1.1.1 and 50.1.1.1 resolves to mail.host.com http://mail.host.com This is a STANDALONE mail server which will receive and send email without any VIP's or load balancing. There is however one additional host that will send out mail from the domain but it wont be receiving mail, it will only be used as an SMTP (outbound only) server attached to a website automailer which is on a seperate webserver... It only generates error reports and sends them out... so technically it isn't a full mail server but it will be sending (outbound only) mail on behalf of the domain. The additional host is: mail2.test.com http://mail2.test.com which resolves to 50.2.2.2 and there is a Matching PTR. These are the ONLY mail servers and IP addresses that will be sending out mail from the test.com http://test.com domain. Some websites say I should use -all and others say -all will cause some MTA's to reject and ~all is better to use even if those are the only two hosts sending out mail. Would you be able to assist with a solid SPF record? ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailto:freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org mailto:freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org I usually choose soft fail because a user might decide to use a mobile device for email. Waitman Gobble San Jose California USA Waitman, Fair enough statement. I also generated the following SPF using a wizard. Let me know if this looks correct: teamwarfare.com. IN TXT v=spf1 a mx a:mail.teamwarfare.com a:mail2.teamwarfare.com ip4:66.90.73.80 ip4:216.250.250.148 ~all I wouldn't need an include: or ptr statement in this right? I would told include: was to include OTHER domains that are allowed to send e-mail, but then again I see some people writing the domain again as an include. Also is PTR good to use or not? ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Question regarding SPF records
On Sat, 18 Feb 2012 12:34:09 -0500 Jonathan Vomacka wrote: teamwarfare.com. IN TXT v=spf1 a mx a:mail.teamwarfare.com a:mail2.teamwarfare.com ip4:66.90.73.80 ip4:216.250.250.148 ~all I wouldn't need an include: or ptr statement in this right? I would told include: was to include OTHER domains that are allowed to send e-mail, but then again I see some people writing the domain again as an include. Also is PTR good to use or not? If you can specify the servers with ip addresses then that's all you need. ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: /usr/home vs /home (was: Re: One or Four?)
On Fri, Feb 17, 2012 at 09:16:34PM -0500, Daniel Staal wrote: --As of February 17, 2012 11:46:23 PM +0100, Polytropon is alleged to have said: Well, to be honest, I never liked the old style default with /home being part of /usr. As I mentioned before, _my_ default style for separated partitions include: / swap /tmp /var /usr /home In special cases, add /opt or /scratch as separate partitions with intendedly limited sizes. You can see that all user data is kept independently from the rest of the system. It can easily be switched over to a separate home disk if needed. --As for the rest, it is mine. I'm in agreement with you on that I like to have /home be a separate partition, and not under /usr. (Of course, my current zfs system has 40 partitions...) Partly though I recognize that I like it because that's what I'm used to, and how I learned to set it up originally. (My first unix experience was with OpenBSD, over 10 years ago now.) I've never seen anything listing the main reasons for having /home under /usr though. I figure there must be a decent reason why. Would anyone care to enlighten me? What are the perceived advantages? (Particularly if you then make a symlink to /home.) Just a question that's been bugging me, as I read through different FreeBSD docs. I think it was just ancient history when everything was small and besides root, swap and /tmp was in /usr. jerry Daniel T. Staal --- This email copyright the author. Unless otherwise noted, you are expressly allowed to retransmit, quote, or otherwise use the contents for non-commercial purposes. This copyright will expire 5 years after the author's death, or in 30 years, whichever is longer, unless such a period is in excess of local copyright law. --- ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: One or Four?
On Sat, Feb 18, 2012 at 12:07:30PM +0100, Damien Fleuriot wrote: On 2/17/12 11:05 PM, Robison, Dave wrote: Hiya, [snip] We realize that one can use bsdinstall to create as many partitions as one wants. However, the new default is for one partition and swap. We want to know if people would prefer the older style default with four partitions and swap when selecting Guided Partitioning and Use Entire Disk. Let the majority decide which layout is preferred for the default. Thanks, Dave Seeing as people using the default are likely to be novices, I vote in favor of ONE. The reasoning being that novices are less likely to be able to correctly size their /usr and /var than a seasoned sysadmin. So, we have now had scads of 'discussion' about schemes for disk partitioning and there were a bunch, plus arguments about which is the best with each person convinced that theirs is. As far as I can see, this all leads to the conclusion that the one design that gives a reasonable and simple set of choices for all fits the FreeBSD model that of providing a well made system and allowing the user/sysadmin to configure it the way [s]he wants/needs rather than imposing a common usage on everyone. Next we'll be arguing about which windows manager is mandatory for users to include at install time. So, Polytropon's three choice pattern is good. Or, I could even suggest just two choices. [ ] all in one + swap Create one partition containing all subtrees plus one swap partition. [ ] user-defined Make your own partitioning selection manually. (Both number and size of partitions) with a reasonable way to specify partitions and sizes. The old Sysinstall way is not bad, but if it obsolete, then something as easy that fits the new GPT based system. But, that middle choice that Polytropon suggested is OK to include if you think it is needed. /, /tmp, /usr, /var, [/home] +swap I don't see that this plan adds any significant complication or confusion. Nor does it prevent any of the schemes people have been advocating or requesting. jerry ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: /usr/home vs /home (was: Re: One or Four?)
man hier ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: ZFS question
On Sat, Feb 18, 2012 at 12:35 PM, Denis Fortin for...@acm.org wrote: Good morning, On a small system using FreeBSD 9.0-RELEASE, ZFS is reporting an issue on a pool, that I am not certain is really an issue, but I don't know how to investgate... Here is the situation: I have created a ZFS pool on an external 1TB Maxstor USB drive. The ZFS pool sees little or no activity, I haven't started using it for real yet. The drive spins down frequently because of lack of activity, and takes quite a few seconds to spin up. Now, I frequently get errors in the 'zpool status' thus (like, a couple of times per day): [denis@datasink] ~ zpool status -v pool: maxstor state: ONLINE status: One or more devices has experienced an unrecoverable error. An attempt was made to correct the error. Applications are unaffected. action: Determine if the device needs to be replaced, and clear the errors using 'zpool clear' or replace the device with 'zpool replace'. see: http://www.sun.com/msg/ZFS-8000-9P scan: scrub repaired 0 in 0h0m with 0 errors on Sat Feb 18 08:49:41 2012 config: NAME STATE READ WRITE CKSUM maxstor ONLINE 0 0 0 gptid/64a30ca9-56ad-11e1-80c4-24ce7c30 ONLINE 1 0 0 errors: No known data errors [denis@datasink] ~ zpool iostat -v maxstor capacity operations bandwidth pool alloc free read write read write -- - - - - - - maxstor 1.10M 928G 0 0 455 1.11K gptid/64a30ca9-56ad-11e1-80c4-24ce7c30 1.10M 928G 0 0 455 1.11K -- - - - - - - I know that this sounds bad for the drive, but I cannot find anywhere in my logs (/var/log/messages, dmesg, etc) a reference to this supposed 'unrecoverable error' that the drive has had, and the resilvering *always* works. I am wondering whether it might not simply be a timeout issue, that is: the drive is taking too long to spin up, which causes a timeout and a read error to be reported, which then disappears completely once the drive has spun up. Does anybody have a suggestion about how I could go about investigating this issue? Shouldn't there be a log of the 'unrecoverable error' somewhere? Thank you all, Denis ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org The power management settings put your drive to sleep after some time of inactivity. Unfortunately the only way I have found to adjust this is from a windows pc utility. (You can download it from their website) To solve the problem you can export the pool when you don't use it and import it back again. If that is not possible you can schedule a 5 minute cron job to query the status. Regards -- George Kontostanos Aicom telecoms ltd http://www.aisecure.net ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: /usr/home vs /home (was: Re: One or Four?)
On Sat, Feb 18, 2012 at 5:46 PM, Michael Sierchio ku...@tenebras.comwrote: man hier man 7 hier makes no mention of /home or /usr/home at all ... ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org -- regards, matt ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: /usr/home vs /home (was: Re: One or Four?)
--As of February 18, 2012 2:46:32 PM -0800, Michael Sierchio is alleged to have said: man hier --As for the rest, it is mine. ...Doesn't mention /home (or /usr/home) once. ;) Pointing people to the docs which answers their question is good. But please make sure it actually answers their question. Thanks to everyone who has answered. Daniel T. Staal --- This email copyright the author. Unless otherwise noted, you are expressly allowed to retransmit, quote, or otherwise use the contents for non-commercial purposes. This copyright will expire 5 years after the author's death, or in 30 years, whichever is longer, unless such a period is in excess of local copyright law. --- ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: /usr/home vs /home (was: Re: One or Four?)
On Sat, Feb 18, 2012 at 3:10 PM, Daniel Staal dst...@usa.net wrote: --As of February 18, 2012 2:46:32 PM -0800, Michael Sierchio is alleged to have said: man hier True, but /usr/... was a typical place to find users' home directories, since /usr is mounted when the system goes to multiuser mode. /home and /usr/home weren't originally featured in UNIX. /usr/kudzu might have been kudzu's home directory, or - in a large installation, before the advent of directory hashing, a scheme like /usr/k/ku/kudzu was used to limit the number of directories in each component of the path. ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: DNS - slaving the root zone
On 02/18/2012 03:23, Damien Fleuriot wrote: On 2/18/12 12:57 AM, Doug Barton wrote: To clarify, almost universally the opposition to the idea centers around the problems of users who enable this method, and then don't notice if something changes/breaks, resulting in a stale zone (or zones, depending on what you choose to slave). I have always acknowledged that this is a valid concern, just not one that I think overwhelms the virtues of doing the slaving in the first place. Could you elaborate on the something changes/breaks, admin doesn't notice, results in a stale zone bit ? Most commonly whatever auth. server the user is axfr'ing from suddenly stops offering that ability. I fail to see the circumstances under which that could happen. I tend to agree, which is why I weight this particular objection pretty low. If you don't notice failed axfrs, you've already got deeper problems. :) To be fair however, there are a lot of people who believe (rightly or wrongly) that resolving DNS should be a fire and forget service. Those of us who do this for a living know that this was never true, and DNSSEC makes that even less true. However, if you happen to be one of those people, this method is not for you. Indeed, been deleting the traditional hint file based . zone for a while and using the slaving mechanism for over a year already, works fine enough for us. I'm glad to hear that. Makes me feel that my efforts in this area have been worthwhile. You have me somewhat worried with the bit about something breaking though, thus the call for details ;) Understood. You don't seem to be the type of operator who is likely to run afoul here, FWIW. Doug -- It's always a long day; 86400 doesn't fit into a short. Breadth of IT experience, and depth of knowledge in the DNS. Yours for the right price. :) http://SupersetSolutions.com/ ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Is the list down?
Erich Dollansky wrote: Hi, On Friday 17 February 2012 08:49:37 Da Rock wrote: On 02/17/12 11:21, Al Plant wrote: I have not seen any action in 2 days. There's been plenty of action in the last 2 days. Maybe check your mail server logs for errors? I noticed the same thing. The missing mails arrived all meanwhile over night. Mails from other sources have been received normally during this period of time. Things like this happen once in a while. Erich ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org Aloha Eric, My missing mail finally come down the pipe over night too. Strange but it has happened before. Thanks for your support. Where are you located? Here in Hawaii we have military installations that suck up band with for certain projects that have in the past interfered with email flow.. ~Al Plant - Honolulu, Hawaii - Phone: 808-284-2740 + http://hawaiidakine.com + http://freebsdinfo.org + + http://aloha50.net - Supporting - FreeBSD 7.2 - 8.0 - 9* + email: n...@hdk5.net All that's really worth doing is what we do for others.- Lewis Carrol ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
gpart usage during install
I'm just installing a 9.0-RELEASE instance in Virtual Box to check things out. I ran into something odd. With 8.x I install certain things into a geli encrypted partition. To do this I have to use a fixit shell and a manual install. Now, I'm trying to do the same thing in 9.0, but when I get to the partitioning stage of the install, and I select the option to setup the partitions in a shell, I get the following error from gpart. What has changed? What am I doing wrong? # gpart create -s GPT ad0 gpart: arg0 'ad0': Invalid argument ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: gpart usage during install
Robert Simmons wrote: I'm just installing a 9.0-RELEASE instance in Virtual Box to check things out. I ran into something odd. With 8.x I install certain things into a geli encrypted partition. To do this I have to use a fixit shell and a manual install. Now, I'm trying to do the same thing in 9.0, but when I get to the partitioning stage of the install, and I select the option to setup the partitions in a shell, I get the following error from gpart. What has changed? What am I doing wrong? # gpart create -s GPT ad0 gpart: arg0 'ad0': Invalid argument 9 is using the new ATA_CAM layer now, so your drive will look like: ada0 instead of the old ad0. -Mike ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Is the list down?
Hi Al, On Sunday 19 February 2012 07:15:00 Al Plant wrote: Erich Dollansky wrote: Aloha Eric, My missing mail finally come down the pipe over night too. Strange but it has happened before. Thanks for your support. Where are you located? Here in Hawaii we have military installations that suck up band with for certain projects that have in the past interfered with email flow.. the server is in Salt Lake City but I on the other side of the globe: Indonesia. ~Al Plant - Honolulu, Hawaii - Phone: 808-284-2740 I always have one question when I hear of people from a location like yours: how is it going with the mosquitoes there? Erich ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
No updates needed to update system to 8.2-RELEASE-p6 but still on 8.2-RELEASE-p3
Dear kind folks, I am getting more and more as to what is needed to keeping a system running in optimum conditions(updating ports userland too). I was just updating ports, but neglecting the new userland tools kernels. I have successfully run make buildworld make installworld, and the steps to run newer userland + kernel. Also one can use freebsd-update fetch freebsd-update install and it will install binary updates(avoid compiling). I have done this on my 8.2 amd64 machines, but somehow the finished command says that it is ready to run 8.2-RELEASE-p6, but I reboot and am still in 8.2-RELEASE-p3. Is there a way to do it, other than doing it from source(es)? through freebsd-update utitlity? I don't understand some suggestions in forum thread: http://forums.freebsd.org/showthread.php?t=28510 I had gotten the error message: Installing updates...install: ///usr/src/lib/libc/gen/libc_dlopen.c: No such file or directory done. and overcame it with # mkdir -p /usr/src/lib/libc/gen and rerunning freebsd-update fetch and freebsd-update install but rebooting still gives -p3 kernel: [olivares@quadcore ~]$ uname -a FreeBSD quadcore.home 8.2-RELEASE-p3 FreeBSD 8.2-RELEASE-p3 #0: Tue Sep 27 18:45:57 UTC 2011 r...@amd64-builder.daemonology.net:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/GENERIC amd64 [olivares@quadcore ~]$ uname -r 8.2-RELEASE-p3 [olivares@quadcore ~]$ su - Password: quadcore# freebsd-update fetch Looking up update.FreeBSD.org mirrors... 4 mirrors found. Fetching metadata signature for 8.2-RELEASE from update4.FreeBSD.org... done. Fetching metadata index... done. Inspecting system... done. Preparing to download files... done. The following files are affected by updates, but no changes have been downloaded because the files have been modified locally: /var/db/mergemaster.mtree No updates needed to update system to 8.2-RELEASE-p6. quadcore# freebsd-update install No updates are available to install. Run '/usr/sbin/freebsd-update fetch' first. quadcore# freebsd-update fetch Looking up update.FreeBSD.org mirrors... 4 mirrors found. Fetching metadata signature for 8.2-RELEASE from update2.FreeBSD.org... done. Fetching metadata index... done. Inspecting system... done. Preparing to download files... done. The following files are affected by updates, but no changes have been downloaded because the files have been modified locally: /var/db/mergemaster.mtree No updates needed to update system to 8.2-RELEASE-p6. As always I thank all users for advice/suggestions/comments. I have been bailed out of many problems and am thankful to FreeBSD community. Regards, Antonio ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: No updates needed to update system to 8.2-RELEASE-p6 but still on 8.2-RELEASE-p3
On Sat, Feb 18, 2012 at 8:04 PM, Robert Bonomi bon...@mail.r-bonomi.com wrote: Antonio, The 'upgrade' from _P5_ to P6 did not touch the kernel, hence the kernel ID did not change. Going from P3 you should have seen a kernel update. what do you see if you do strings /boot/kernel/kernel |grep 8 It is a big file so I'll paste it to pastebin temporarily: http://pastebin.com/K1PsTa0P Thanks, Antonio ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: One or Four?
On Sun, Feb 19, 2012 at 08:03:39AM +0700, Erich Dollansky wrote: Hi, On Sunday 19 February 2012 04:34:17 Jerry McAllister wrote: On Sat, Feb 18, 2012 at 12:07:30PM +0100, Damien Fleuriot wrote: So, Polytropon's three choice pattern is good. Or, I could even suggest just two choices. yes, three options is ok. [ ] all in one + swap Create one partition containing all subtrees plus one swap partition. [ ] user-defined Make your own partitioning selection manually. (Both number and size of partitions) with a reasonable way to specify partitions and sizes. The old Sysinstall way is not bad, but if it obsolete, then something as easy that fits the new GPT based system. A normal user will use the first option here and get screwed when the file system got affected by a power failure. The second option is not an option for a general user. But, that middle choice that Polytropon suggested is OK to include if you think it is needed. /, /tmp, /usr, /var, [/home] +swap Yes, I strong urge you to leave this at least as an option. Just with a larger / slice of 1 or better 2GB. I don't see that this plan adds any significant complication or confusion. Nor does it prevent any of the schemes people have been advocating or requesting. You seem to forget normal users who just want to use the system. They do not think of recovery until it actually happens. We forgot nothing. They can just select option 1 and then later when something happens so learn otherwise, if they ever do, they will have option 3 to more specifically build their system according to their newly perceived needs. jerry Erich ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
webcamd and device numbering
I've been struggling with this on my own for ages now, and I was determined to try and sort it myself. But I'll now eat my humble pie and ask for some help :) I have (I believe I have mentioned this before) 5 dvb tuners in a FreeBSD server (8.2): 1 cx88, 2 DiVico dual tuners (that totals 4 amongst just the DiVico's). I'm using webcamd to use these (thank God I can get away from Linux!), and they work fine except I have to run ln -s to link them to the right places after every reboot (Only the Divico's use webcamd). So they should look like this: $ls /dev/dvb/ adapter0adapter1adapter2adapter3 instead: ls /dev/dvb/ adapter0adapter16adapter24adapter8 This is a real problem because 1. MPlayer only accepts 0-4, and 2. GStreamer (including xine) only accept 1-16. I tried working out how to resolve the issue any sane way; and then I resorted to some quick hacks. I tried uding devfs.rules for links before I found out it can't do that at all. devfs.conf is no good, as it sets them up to begin with. And running some commands in rc.local didn't work: `ln -s /dev/dvb/adapter8 /dev/dvb/adapter1` and so forth. I googled and googled and there seem to be no real fix as webcamd won't work without hal and relies on it for the numbering (but borks it continuously). I've tried updates and so forth, but all to no avail. I'm not too worried about a permanent fix because hal's death bells have tolled, but I do need to fix this as it is really getting annoying now - the server is on continuously but can go down from time to time and catches the unwary :) (like when a scheduled recording which requires say adapter1 finds it no longer there) I'm using webcamd-3.2.0.2, which I recently updated. Cheers ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: One or Four?
Hi, On Sunday 19 February 2012 04:34:17 Jerry McAllister wrote: On Sat, Feb 18, 2012 at 12:07:30PM +0100, Damien Fleuriot wrote: So, Polytropon's three choice pattern is good. Or, I could even suggest just two choices. yes, three options is ok. [ ] all in one + swap Create one partition containing all subtrees plus one swap partition. [ ] user-defined Make your own partitioning selection manually. (Both number and size of partitions) with a reasonable way to specify partitions and sizes. The old Sysinstall way is not bad, but if it obsolete, then something as easy that fits the new GPT based system. A normal user will use the first option here and get screwed when the file system got affected by a power failure. The second option is not an option for a general user. But, that middle choice that Polytropon suggested is OK to include if you think it is needed. /, /tmp, /usr, /var, [/home] +swap Yes, I strong urge you to leave this at least as an option. Just with a larger / slice of 1 or better 2GB. I don't see that this plan adds any significant complication or confusion. Nor does it prevent any of the schemes people have been advocating or requesting. You seem to forget normal users who just want to use the system. They do not think of recovery until it actually happens. Erich ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: webcamd and device numbering
On Sat, Feb 18, 2012 at 6:32 PM, Da Rock freebsd-questi...@herveybayaustralia.com.au wrote: I've been struggling with this on my own for ages now, and I was determined to try and sort it myself. But I'll now eat my humble pie and ask for some help :) I have (I believe I have mentioned this before) 5 dvb tuners in a FreeBSD server (8.2): 1 cx88, 2 DiVico dual tuners (that totals 4 amongst just the DiVico's). I'm using webcamd to use these (thank God I can get away from Linux!), and they work fine except I have to run ln -s to link them to the right places after every reboot (Only the Divico's use webcamd). So they should look like this: $ls /dev/dvb/ adapter0adapter1adapter2adapter3 instead: ls /dev/dvb/ adapter0adapter16adapter24adapter8 This is a real problem because 1. MPlayer only accepts 0-4, and 2. GStreamer (including xine) only accept 1-16. I tried working out how to resolve the issue any sane way; and then I resorted to some quick hacks. I tried uding devfs.rules for links before I found out it can't do that at all. devfs.conf is no good, as it sets them up to begin with. And running some commands in rc.local didn't work: `ln -s /dev/dvb/adapter8 /dev/dvb/adapter1` and so forth. I googled and googled and there seem to be no real fix as webcamd won't work without hal and relies on it for the numbering (but borks it continuously). I've tried updates and so forth, but all to no avail. I'm not too worried about a permanent fix because hal's death bells have tolled, but I do need to fix this as it is really getting annoying now - the server is on continuously but can go down from time to time and catches the unwary :) (like when a scheduled recording which requires say adapter1 finds it no longer there) I'm using webcamd-3.2.0.2, which I recently updated. Cheers __**_ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/**mailman/listinfo/freebsd-**questionshttp://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-** unsubscr...@freebsd.org freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org Hi, maybe cron job that runs once a minute and checks/fixes? maybe overkill but probably not noticeable to system performance,... . Waitman Gobble San Jose California USA ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: One or Four?
Hi, On Sunday 19 February 2012 09:30:55 Jerry McAllister wrote: On Sun, Feb 19, 2012 at 08:03:39AM +0700, Erich Dollansky wrote: Hi, On Sunday 19 February 2012 04:34:17 Jerry McAllister wrote: On Sat, Feb 18, 2012 at 12:07:30PM +0100, Damien Fleuriot wrote: So, Polytropon's three choice pattern is good. Or, I could even suggest just two choices. yes, three options is ok. [ ] all in one + swap Create one partition containing all subtrees plus one swap partition. [ ] user-defined Make your own partitioning selection manually. (Both number and size of partitions) with a reasonable way to specify partitions and sizes. The old Sysinstall way is not bad, but if it obsolete, then something as easy that fits the new GPT based system. A normal user will use the first option here and get screwed when the file system got affected by a power failure. The second option is not an option for a general user. But, that middle choice that Polytropon suggested is OK to include if you think it is needed. /, /tmp, /usr, /var, [/home] +swap Yes, I strong urge you to leave this at least as an option. Just with a larger / slice of 1 or better 2GB. I don't see that this plan adds any significant complication or confusion. Nor does it prevent any of the schemes people have been advocating or requesting. You seem to forget normal users who just want to use the system. They do not think of recovery until it actually happens. We forgot nothing. They can just select option 1 and then later when something happens so learn otherwise, if they ever do, they will have option 3 to more specifically build their system according to their newly perceived needs. where do they get the knowledge from? Erich ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: webcamd and device numbering
On 02/19/12 13:16, Robert Bonomi wrote:
From owner-freebsd-questi...@freebsd.org Sat Feb 18 20:42:50 2012
Date: Sun, 19 Feb 2012 12:32:42 +1000
From: Da Rockfreebsd-questi...@herveybayaustralia.com.au
To: FreeBSD Questionsfreebsd-questions@freebsd.org
Subject: webcamd and device numbering
I've been struggling with this on my own for ages now, and I was
determined to try and sort it myself. But I'll now eat my humble pie and
ask for some help :)
I have (I believe I have mentioned this before) 5 dvb tuners in a
FreeBSD server (8.2): 1 cx88, 2 DiVico dual tuners (that totals 4
amongst just the DiVico's). I'm using webcamd to use these (thank God I
can get away from Linux!), and they work fine except I have to run ln -s
to link them to the right places after every reboot (Only the Divico's
use webcamd). So they should look like this:
$ls /dev/dvb/
adapter0adapter1adapter2adapter3
instead:
ls /dev/dvb/
adapter0adapter16adapter24adapter8
At least a couple of ways to approach this.
1) (a bad idea, but simple) wrap 'webcamd' in a script that makes the
symlinks before invoking the actual executable.
I don't think that will work because webcamd does the actually device
attach itself. Putting in the symlinks first _cant_ happen because there
is nothing to link to.
2) look at devd.conf(5) and add stuff there to create the links for {1,2,3}
Again, same problem. webcamd does the work there to attach the devices -
but it uses hal to notify and obtain the numbering. I haven't found a
way to turn this off as yet. Originally I don't think it used hal at
all, somewhere along the line they decided to make inextricable.
I may be stuck with the cron job :/ I wonder if I can get it to just
happen at boot... my spidey senses are tingling. I'll have to remember
where I saw that.
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Re: One or Four?
Erich Dollansky er...@alogreentechnologies.com writes: Hi, On Sunday 19 February 2012 04:34:17 Jerry McAllister wrote: On Sat, Feb 18, 2012 at 12:07:30PM +0100, Damien Fleuriot wrote: So, Polytropon's three choice pattern is good. Or, I could even suggest just two choices. yes, three options is ok. [ ] all in one + swap Create one partition containing all subtrees plus one swap partition. [ ] user-defined Make your own partitioning selection manually. (Both number and size of partitions) with a reasonable way to specify partitions and sizes. The old Sysinstall way is not bad, but if it obsolete, then something as easy that fits the new GPT based system. A normal user will use the first option here and get screwed when the file system got affected by a power failure. The second option is not an option for a general user. What will happen in the case of a power failure? I just see an fsck when that happens, and I have been running unix and linux for about 20 years. I have always had multiple partitions in the past, but for 9.0 I went with the single partition. -- Carl Johnsonca...@peak.org ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: zroot won't mount after 9.0-RC2 - 9.0-RELEASE upgrade
To follow-up, testkernel mounted fine using the procedure from loader.4th(8): set kernel=testkernel unload boot-conf And the OS upgrade is now done, after a few more tweaks have been ironed out (the most interesting of them is a difference between /boot/testkernel and /boot/kernel, which were supposedly generated by the same 'make' command some time apart). Thanks again for the suggestions, all. Daniel George Kontostanos wrote on Wed, Feb 15, 2012 at 20:03:14 +0200: On Wed, Feb 15, 2012 at 7:48 PM, Daniel Shahaf danie...@apache.org wrote: So far we've tried: - 'gpart bootcode -b' - load geom_part_gpt.ko - using zpool.cache from the 9.0-RELEASE CD And none of that seems to have had any effect. Additional info: from the CD environment, 'zpool import' reports an old 'tank' pool on devices mfid[2-5]. (The 'zroot' pool uses mfid[0-5]p3.) Any further ideas, please? Thanks for all the suggestions so far. You are running ZFS version 4 while the default is 5 on 9.0-RELEASE --- Assuming your pool is called zroot ---This is the way to update your zpool.cache: --- Boot with 9.0-RELEASE and proceed with: #zpool import -o altroot=/mnt -o cachefile=/var/tmp/zpool.cache zroot #zfs set mountpoint=/mnt zroot #zfs set mountpoint=/mnt/usr zroot/usr #zfs set mountpoint=/mnt/var zroot/var #zfs set mountpoint=/mnt/tmp zroot/tmp ## Ignore any warnings## Now export the pool: #zpool export -f zroot Import the pool back and update the zpool.cache: #zpool import -o cachefile=/var/tmp/zpool.cache zroot #cp /var/tmp/zpool.cache /mnt/boot/zfs/zpool.cache Make sure that bootfs is set correctly: #zpool set bootfs=zroot zroot Now, unmount any ZFS datasets #zfs umount -af And fix mountpoints: #zfs set mountpoint=legacy zroot #zfs set mountpoint=/tmp zroot/tmp #zfs set mountpoint=/usr zroot/usr #zfs set mountpoint=/var zroot/var That should be enough to update your zpool.cache If this still doesn't work then you can upgrade your ZFS version to 5. Make sure you have backups first!!! Before unmounting your datasets issue a: zfs upgrade -a -- George Kontostanos Aicom telecoms ltd http://www.aisecure.net ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: One or Four?
Hi, On Sunday 19 February 2012 11:40:22 Carl Johnson wrote: Erich Dollansky er...@alogreentechnologies.com writes: Hi, On Sunday 19 February 2012 04:34:17 Jerry McAllister wrote: On Sat, Feb 18, 2012 at 12:07:30PM +0100, Damien Fleuriot wrote: So, Polytropon's three choice pattern is good. Or, I could even suggest just two choices. yes, three options is ok. [ ] all in one + swap Create one partition containing all subtrees plus one swap partition. [ ] user-defined Make your own partitioning selection manually. (Both number and size of partitions) with a reasonable way to specify partitions and sizes. The old Sysinstall way is not bad, but if it obsolete, then something as easy that fits the new GPT based system. A normal user will use the first option here and get screwed when the file system got affected by a power failure. The second option is not an option for a general user. What will happen in the case of a power failure? I just see an fsck when that happens, and I have been running unix and linux for about 20 years. I have always had multiple partitions in the past, but for 9.0 I went with the single partition. it will not even boot if there is only a single slice with root and the rest on it if the background fsck cannot be run. I have to go to real remote locations once in a while where an USP is not of real help anymore as the USP is not able to charge its battery before the next power failure comes. It happened there some times that the /usr slice needs a foreground check. Of course, all can be fixed. I cannot imagine that this would still work if / is on the same slice as the rest of the data. Of course, these are rare things but with the other standards of FreeBSD in mind, I would keep at least the visible option there so people are obviously made aware that there is something to consider. What will beginners do when they are not able to restart their machine? Take a pirated Windows CD and go back to the other trouble maker as there was no difference for them. Of course, people like you and me would need this option only to safe a bit of time. Erich ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: webcamd and device numbering
On Sat, Feb 18, 2012 at 8:37 PM, Da Rock
freebsd-questi...@herveybayaustralia.com.au wrote:
On 02/19/12 13:16, Robert Bonomi wrote:
From
owner-freebsd-questions@**freebsd.orgowner-freebsd-questi...@freebsd.org
Sat Feb 18 20:42:50 2012
Date: Sun, 19 Feb 2012 12:32:42 +1000
From: Da
Rockfreebsd-questions@**herveybayaustralia.com.aufreebsd-questi...@herveybayaustralia.com.au
To: FreeBSD
Questionsfreebsd-questions@**freebsd.orgfreebsd-questions@freebsd.org
Subject: webcamd and device numbering
I've been struggling with this on my own for ages now, and I was
determined to try and sort it myself. But I'll now eat my humble pie and
ask for some help :)
I have (I believe I have mentioned this before) 5 dvb tuners in a
FreeBSD server (8.2): 1 cx88, 2 DiVico dual tuners (that totals 4
amongst just the DiVico's). I'm using webcamd to use these (thank God I
can get away from Linux!), and they work fine except I have to run ln -s
to link them to the right places after every reboot (Only the Divico's
use webcamd). So they should look like this:
$ls /dev/dvb/
adapter0adapter1adapter2adapter3
instead:
ls /dev/dvb/
adapter0adapter16adapter24adapter8
At least a couple of ways to approach this.
1) (a bad idea, but simple) wrap 'webcamd' in a script that makes the
symlinks before invoking the actual executable.
I don't think that will work because webcamd does the actually device
attach itself. Putting in the symlinks first _cant_ happen because there is
nothing to link to.
2) look at devd.conf(5) and add stuff there to create the links for
{1,2,3}
Again, same problem. webcamd does the work there to attach the devices -
but it uses hal to notify and obtain the numbering. I haven't found a way
to turn this off as yet. Originally I don't think it used hal at all,
somewhere along the line they decided to make inextricable.
I may be stuck with the cron job :/ I wonder if I can get it to just
happen at boot... my spidey senses are tingling. I'll have to remember
where I saw that.
__**_
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To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-**
unsubscr...@freebsd.org freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
I agree it's a crappy solution, (at least?) in principal. I had a drive
that stubbornly refused to mount at boot, a weird harold situation and you
know - like you want to throw the freaking thing out the window..
check/mount on cron was a band-aid approach, it worked.
Waitman Gobble
San Jose California USA
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Re: One or Four?
On 2/18/2012 8:03 PM, Erich Dollansky wrote: On Sunday 19 February 2012 04:34:17 Jerry McAllister wrote: On Sat, Feb 18, 2012 at 12:07:30PM +0100, Damien Fleuriot wrote: So, Polytropon's three choice pattern is good. Or, I could even suggest just two choices. A normal user will use the first option here and get screwed when the file system got affected by a power failure. The second option is not an option for a general user. But, that middle choice that Polytropon suggested is OK to include if you think it is needed. /, /tmp, /usr, /var, [/home] +swap Yes, I strong urge you to leave this at least as an option. Just with a larger / slice of 1 or better 2GB. I don't see that this plan adds any significant complication or confusion. Nor does it prevent any of the schemes people have been advocating or requesting. You seem to forget normal users who just want to use the system. They do not think of recovery until it actually happens. I don't know if I count as a *normal* user but here's my two cents: Some of you think it isn't a good idea to put everything on one partition. I'm not yet ready to manually set them up. Every time I get into it I read tens of articles and blogs and they all boil down to it depends. So some middle-ground this guy is willing to learn but can't set it up optimally, and doesn't want a bad config because he is still somewhat confused option should be available, and possibly labeled as such. -- Stephen ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
