[geo] Off topic? Some Atmospheric Nanoparticles Could Have Cosmetic Sources | Chemical Engineering News
Poster's note : I'm unable to determine how relevant this research might be to geoengineering http://cen.acs.org/articles/92/web/2014/10/Atmospheric-Nanoparticles-Cosmetic-Sources.html Some Atmospheric Nanoparticles Could Have Cosmetic Sources? Atmospheric Chemistry: Siloxanes in personal care products could be source of silicon in ultrafine particulate matter in urban air By Deirdre Lockwood Keywords: nanoparticles, ultrafine particulate matter, aerosols, air pollution, siloxanes, personal care products An atmospheric transport model predicts that highly populated areas would have higher concentrations of oxidized cyclic siloxanes, which could contribute to the growth of airborne nanoparticles. Cyclic siloxanes are semivolatile silicon compounds found in personal care products. Atmospheric scientists propose that personal care products, such as antiperspirants, could be a potential source of ultrafine particulate matter in air, which can influence climate and pose risks to respiratory and cardiovascular health (Environ. Sci. Technol. 2014, DOI: 10.1021/es5026933). On the basis of data from the U.S. and Finland, they find that airborne nanoparticles in highly populated areas often contain silicon. They hypothesize that organic silicon compounds found in cosmetics and building materials could contribute to the growth of these nanoparticles.Ultrafine particles, up to 100 nm in diameter, are produced by vehicle exhaust and other combustion processes. They also form when volatile species condense in the atmosphere, often through photochemical reactions. Scientists want to understand the elemental composition of these nanoparticles to determine their sources. Identifying human-made sources could help policymakers regulate levels of the nanoparticles. But pinning down sources has been difficult because the particles’ small size makes them tricky to capture and analyze. Several years ago, Murray V. Johnston of the University of Delaware and his colleagues developed a nanoaerosol mass spectrometer that can measure the elemental composition of nanoparticles between 10 and 30 nm in diameter (Anal. Chem.2006, DOI: 10.1021/ac052243l). In the current study, they analyzed data obtained with the instrument between 2006 and 2012 at urban, suburban, and rural sites around the U.S. and at a pristine forest site in Finland, in measurement campaigns lasting several weeks. They found silicon in nanoparticles, with a much greater prevalence in urban environments. In Pasadena, Calif., which is part of the Los Angeles metropolitan area, 40% of the measured nanoparticles contained silicon; in Wilmington, Del., a smaller city in the Philadelphia metropolitan area, the proportion ranged from 5 to 13%. In these populated areas, the proportion of silicon-containing nanoparticles did not vary greatly with wind direction, suggesting a diffuse source. At the pristine site in Finland, only about 2% of nanoparticles contained silicon.Nitrates, sulfates, and organic compounds are thought to be the main components of atmospheric nanoparticles. So Johnston was surprised by the prevalence of silicon in nanoparticles at the urban and suburban sites. He calls the discovery “completely unexpected.” Given the greater proportion of silicon-containing nanoparticles in populated areas, the researchers suspected the particles had a human-made source. They hypothesized that a likely source is semivolatile organic silicon compounds called siloxanes, which are commonly found in personal care products, as well as in building materials, laboratory equipment, and tubing. Once in the gas phase, these compounds can be oxidized by hydroxyl radicals in the presence of light, forming products that could condense onto and enlarge existing nanoparticles. To test this hypothesis, collaborator Charles O. Stanier of the University of Iowa made an atmospheric transport model for three of the most common cyclic siloxanes found in personal care products—octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane. The team estimated emission rates for the compounds based on U.S. population data, as well as information based on antiperspirant sales and usage (Environ. Sci. Technol. 2010, DOI:10.1021/es100411w). They then applied known rates for the reaction of siloxanes with hydroxyl radicals in the atmosphere, to predict the concentration of oxidized cyclic siloxanes across the U.S. These concentrations peaked in populated areas such as Los Angeles and the East Coast, consistent with the team’s field data. Neil M. Donahue, an atmospheric chemist at Carnegie Mellon University, calls it a pioneering study and says that the team’s hypothesis about siloxanes is convincing. He finds it interesting to see a “plume of deodorant coming away from large cities.” Although the team has shown that this oxidation process could be significant in some contexts, he adds, its significance for ultrafine particle growth in general has yet to be
[geo] Session: Climate Intervention and Geoengineering: Albedo Modification (2015 AAAS Annual Meeting (12-16 February 2015))
Poster's note : does anyone know of this is streamed? Please reply to the whole list. https://aaas.confex.com/aaas/2015/webprogram/Session9459.html Climate Intervention and Geoengineering: Albedo Modification Saturday, 14 February 2015: 1:30 PM-4:30 PM Room 220C (San Jose Convention Center) The 2014 report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change notes that since the last assessment, collectively, nations have made no progress in reducing total greenhouse gas emissions. Furthermore, the rate of investment in climate change adaptation is estimated to be orders of magnitude below what is needed to address the growing risk of climate change, particularly in the densely populated coastal zone. The topic of this session is albedo modification, which is a form of climate intervention that temporarily offsets the warming effects of carbon dioxide by altering Earth’s radiation balance and is a companion to the session Going Negative: Removing Carbon Dioxide from the Atmosphere. This session will explore the scientific and technical underpinnings of albedo modification, including its risks, governance, and sociopolitical considerations. Organizer: Marcia McNutt, AAAS/Science Moderator:Marcia McNutt, AAAS/Science Discussant:Ken Caldeira, Stanford University Speakers: James R. Fleming, Colby College Historical Perspectives on Intervention in the Atmospheric System: Cautionary Notes Lynn M. Russell, Scripps Institution of Oceanography Climate Intervention: Reflecting Sunlight to Cool Earth: A Report from the NRC Alan Robock, Rutgers University Volcanic Eruptions as Analogs for Stratospheric Geoengineering Impacts Riley Duren, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Observing, Validating, and Verifying Albedo Modification Ted Parson, University of California Governance of Climate Engineering Stephen Gardiner, University of Washington Albedo Modification: The Ethical and Equity Issues Meeting Information When:12 - 16 February 2015 Where:Where: San Jose, CA -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups geoengineering group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to geoengineering+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. To post to this group, send email to geoengineering@googlegroups.com. Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/geoengineering. For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/d/optout.
[geo] Fwd: Climate Engineering News Review for week 42 of 2014
-- Forwarded message -- From: i...@climate-engineering.eu i...@climate-engineering.eu Date: 13 Oct 2014 22:30 Subject: Climate Engineering News Review for week 42 of 2014 To: andrew.lock...@gmail.com Cc: [image: tl_files/newsletter/NewsletterBalken.jpg] Dear Climate Engineering Group, please find below our weekly climate engineering news review. You can find daily updated climate engineering news on our news portal www.climate-engineering.eu/news.html. Thank you The Climate Engineering Editors Climate Engineering News Review for Week 42 of 2014 Upcoming Events and Deadlines - 04.11.2014 http://www.climate-engineering.eu/single-event/events/workshops-mainstreaming-biodiversity-workshop-geo-engineering-impacts-on-biodiversity.html, Workshops: Mainstreaming Biodiversity Workshop: Geo-engineering impacts on biodiversity, Bristol/UK - 05.-06.11.2014 http://www.climate-engineering.eu/single-event/events/workshop-high-latitude-volcanic-eruptions-and-climate-filling-the-gaps.html, Workshop: High-latitude volcanic eruptions and climate: filling the gaps, Stockholm/Sweden - 02.-03.12.2014 http://www.climate-engineering.eu/single-event/events/the-world-science-summit-on-climate-engineering-future-guiding-principles-and-ethics.html, The World Science Summit on Climate Engineering: Future Guiding Principles and Ethics, Washington DC/USA - 15.-19.12.2014 http://www.climate-engineering.eu/single-event/events/conference-agu-fall-meeting.html, Conference: AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco/USA - 04.-08.01.2015 http://www.climate-engineering.eu/single-event/events/conference-20th-conference-on-planned-and-inadvertent-weather-modification.html, Conference: 20th Conference on Planned and Inadvertent Weather Modification, Phoenix, Arizona/USA - 14.02.2015 http://www.climate-engineering.eu/single-event/events/panel-discussion-climate-intervention-and-geoengineering-albedo-modification.html, Conference Session: Climate Intervention and Geoengineering: Albedo Modification, San Jose/USA - 17.02.2015 http://www.climate-engineering.eu/single-event/events/lecture-patient-geoengineering-david-keith.html, Lecture: Patient Geoengineering (David Keith), SFJAZZ Center, San Francisco/USA New Publications - Reynolds, J. (2014) http://www.climate-engineering.eu/single/items/reynolds-j-2014-a-critical-examination-of-the-climate-engineering-moral-hazard-and-risk-compensation-concern.html: A critical examination of the climate engineering moral hazard and risk compensation concern - Zhang, Zhihua; et al. (2014) http://www.climate-engineering.eu/single/items/zhang-zhihua-et-al-2014-review-of-geoengineering-approaches-to-mitigating-climate-change.html: Review of Geoengineering Approaches to Mitigating Climate Change Selected Media Responses - MIT Technology Review http://www.climate-engineering.eu/single/items/mit-technology-review-can-sucking-co2-out-of-the-atmosphere-really-work.html: Can Sucking CO2 Out of the Atmosphere Really Work? - The Hill http://www.climate-engineering.eu/single/items/the-hill-the-climate-geoengineering-genie-why-we-all-need-to-be-paying-attention.html: The climate geoengineering genie — Why we all need to be paying attention * To unsubscribe please send short message to **i...@climate-engineering.eu* i...@climate-engineering.eu* or use the web interface.* -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups geoengineering group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to geoengineering+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. To post to this group, send email to geoengineering@googlegroups.com. Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/geoengineering. For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/d/optout.
RE: [geo] Session: Climate Intervention and Geoengineering: Albedo Modification (2015 AAAS Annual Meeting (12-16 February 2015))
the CDR complement is here: https://aaas.confex.com/aaas/2015/webprogram/Session9663.html The other apparent NAS/NRC report rollout will occur at AGU: https://agu.confex.com/agu/fm14/preliminaryview.cgi/Session5204 https://agu.confex.com/agu/fm14/preliminaryview.cgi/Paper9055 Greg From: geoengineering@googlegroups.com [geoengineering@googlegroups.com] on behalf of Andrew Lockley [andrew.lock...@gmail.com] Sent: Monday, October 13, 2014 12:33 PM To: geoengineering Subject: [geo] Session: Climate Intervention and Geoengineering: Albedo Modification (2015 AAAS Annual Meeting (12-16 February 2015)) Poster's note : does anyone know of this is streamed? Please reply to the whole list. https://aaas.confex.com/aaas/2015/webprogram/Session9459.html Climate Intervention and Geoengineering: Albedo Modification Saturday, 14 February 2015: 1:30 PM-4:30 PM Room 220C (San Jose Convention Center) The 2014 report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change notes that since the last assessment, collectively, nations have made no progress in reducing total greenhouse gas emissions. Furthermore, the rate of investment in climate change adaptation is estimated to be orders of magnitude below what is needed to address the growing risk of climate change, particularly in the densely populated coastal zone. The topic of this session is albedo modification, which is a form of climate intervention that temporarily offsets the warming effects of carbon dioxide by altering Earth's radiation balance and is a companion to the session Going Negative: Removing Carbon Dioxide from the Atmosphere. This session will explore the scientific and technical underpinnings of albedo modification, including its risks, governance, and sociopolitical considerations. Organizer: Marcia McNutt, AAAS/Science Moderator:Marcia McNutt, AAAS/Science Discussant:Ken Caldeira, Stanford University Speakers: James R. Fleming, Colby College Historical Perspectives on Intervention in the Atmospheric System: Cautionary Notes Lynn M. Russell, Scripps Institution of Oceanography Climate Intervention: Reflecting Sunlight to Cool Earth: A Report from the NRC Alan Robock, Rutgers University Volcanic Eruptions as Analogs for Stratospheric Geoengineering Impacts Riley Duren, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Observing, Validating, and Verifying Albedo Modification Ted Parson, University of California Governance of Climate Engineering Stephen Gardiner, University of Washington Albedo Modification: The Ethical and Equity Issues Meeting Information When:12 - 16 February 2015 Where:Where: San Jose, CA -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups geoengineering group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to geoengineering+unsubscr...@googlegroups.commailto:geoengineering+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. To post to this group, send email to geoengineering@googlegroups.commailto:geoengineering@googlegroups.com. Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/geoengineering. For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/d/optout. -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups geoengineering group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to geoengineering+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. To post to this group, send email to geoengineering@googlegroups.com. Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/geoengineering. For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/d/optout.
