https://www.nature.com/articles/s41599-020-0492-6

Availability of risky geoengineering can make an ambitious climate
mitigation agreement more likely
Adrien Fabre & Gernot Wagner
Humanities and Social Sciences Communications volume 7, Article number: 1
(2020) Cite this article

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Abstract
Some countries prefer high to low mitigation (H ≻ L). Some prefer low to
high (L ≻ H). That fundamental disagreement is at the heart of the seeming
intractability of negotiating a climate mitigation agreement. Modelling
global climate negotiations as a weakest-link game brings this to the fore:
Unless everyone prefers H to L, L wins. Enter geoengineering (G). Its risky
and imperfect nature makes it arguably inferior to any country’s preferred
mitigation outcome. However, absent a global high-mitigation agreement,
countries facing disastrous climate damages might indeed wish to undertake
it, effectively ranking H ≻ G ≻ L. Meanwhile, those least affected by
climate damages and, thus, least inclined to agree to an ambitious
mitigation agreement, might be unwilling to engage in risky geoengineering,
resulting in L ≻ H ≻ G. With these rankings, all players prefer H to G, and
the mere availability of a credible geoengineering threat might help induce
an ambitious climate mitigation agreement (H). The analysis here introduces
the simplest possible model of global climate negotiations and derives the
conditions for this outcome. These conditions may indeed be likely, as long
as geoengineering is viewed as a credible albeit risky emergency response
given the danger of low mitigation levels.

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