We have published several papers (see below, especially Gerber et al., 2016)
drawing a similar conclusion to Kenny and Flynn (2017). Algal biofuels are not
cost competitive with fossil fuels in today’s market unless more valuable
co-products are also produced from the same algal biomass. However, the ABECCS
paper suggests an entirely different approach, one that produces electricity,
heat, negative emissions, and protein for feeds and nutritional products; the
production of algal biofuel by itself is NOT suggested. We explicitly show what
the value of the algal product must be with a given carbon credit for
commercial viability ("Financial break-even is achieved for product value
combinations that include 1) algal biomass sold for $1,400/t (fishmeal
replacement) with a $68/t carbon credit and 2) algal biomass sold for $600/t
(soymeal replacement) with a $278/t carbon credit.”). The point of the new
paper is not how to produce biofuel; rather, it is intended to demonstrate how
integration with algal production can make the BECCS concept more
environmentally sustainable and more compatible with future global nutritional
demands.
Greene, C.H., et al. 2017. Geoengineering, marine microalgae, and climate
stabilization in the 21st century. Earth’s Future. DOI: 10.1002/2016EF000486.
Gerber, L. N., Tester, J. W., Beal, C. M., Huntley, M. E., & Sills, D. L.
(2016). Target cultivation and financing parameters for sustainable production
of fuel and feed from microalgae. Environmental Science & Technology, 50(7),
3333–3341. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b05381
Walsh, M.J., et al. 2016. Algal food and fuel coproduction can mitigate
greenhouse gas emissions while improving land and water-use efficiency.
Environ. Res. Lett. 11 (2016) 114006. DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/11/11/114006.
Greene, C.H., et al. Marine microalgae: climate, energy, and food security from
the sea. Oceanography 29(4): 10-15.
Huntley, M.E., et al. 2015. Demonstrated large-scale production of marine
microalgae for fuels and feed. Algal Res. 10: 249-265.
Beal, C.M., et al. 2015. Algal biofuel production for fuels and feed in a
100-ha facility: a comprehensive techno-economic analysis and life cycle
assessment. Algal Res. 10: 266-279.
Sills, D.L., et al. 2013. Quantitative uncertainty analysis of life cycle
assessment for algal biofuel production. Environ. Sci. Technol. 47: 687–694.
On Oct 16, 2018, at 8:37 AM, Andrew Lockley
<andrew.lock...@gmail.com<mailto:andrew.lock...@gmail.com>> wrote:
The arguments made for ABECCS are seemingly contradicted on commercial grounds
by this paper, which is available in full at
https://link.springer.com/epdf/10.1007/s10811-017-1214-3?author_access_token=sWz5jqN7mgG1iiHHLo66wve4RwlQNchNByi7wbcMAY5ZUEP6im8fLGmlyvrlZUutCw3u_kCzPXLtmZCjP8-59jx5QegHR_GN6Vh0JS3B0tHtq0KSYpZHGPT_CtbPRW1GOz4DYowT-9zYpBnsL7MYaQ%3D%3D
Journal of Applied Phycology<https://link.springer.com/journal/10811>
December 2017, Volume 29, Issue
6<https://link.springer.com/journal/10811/29/6/page/1>, pp 2713–2727| Cite
as<https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10811-017-1214-3#citeas>
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10811-017-1214-3
Physiology limits commercially viable photoautotrophic production of microalgal
biofuels
*
Authors<https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10811-017-1214-3#authors>
* Authors and
affiliations<https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10811-017-1214-3#authorsandaffiliations>
* Philip Kenny
* Kevin J. Flynn[Email author]<mailto:k.j.fl...@swansea.ac.uk>
*
*
*
*
<mailto:k.j.fl...@swansea.ac.uk><http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6913-5884>
1. 1.
Open Access
Article
First Online: 13 July 2017
*
9Shares<http://www.altmetric.com/details.php?citation_id=21855629&domain=link.springer.com>
*
* 1.8kDownloads
*
*
3Citations<https://citations.springer.com/item?doi=10.1007/s10811-017-1214-3>
Abstract
Algal biofuels have been offered as an alternative to fossil fuels, based on
claims that microalgae can provide a highly productive source of compounds as
feedstocks for sustainable transport fuels. Life cycle analyses identify algal
productivity as a critical factor affecting commercial and environmental
viability. Here, we use mechanistic modelling of the biological processes
driving microalgal growth to explore optimal production scenarios in an
industrial setting, enabling us to quantify limits to algal biofuels potential.
We demonstrate how physiological and operational trade-offs combine to restrict
the potential for solar-powered algal-biodiesel production in open ponds to a
ceiling of ca. 8000 L ha−1year−1. For industrial-scale operations, practical
considerations limit production to ca. 6000 L ha−1 year−1. According to
published economic models and life cycle analyses, such production rates cannot
support long-term viable commercialisation of solar-powered cultivation of
natural microalgae strains exclusively as feedstock for biofuels. The
commercial viability of microalgal biofuels depends critically upon limitations
in microalgal physiology (primarily in rates of C-fixation); we discuss the
scope for addressing this bottleneck concluding that even deployment of
genetically modified microalgae with radically enhanced characteristics would
leave a very significant logistical if not financial burden.
Keywords
Microalgae Biomass Biofuels Modelling Sustainability Energy
On Mon, 15 Oct 2018, 08:42 Charles Greene,
<c...@cornell.edu<mailto:c...@cornell.edu>> wrote:
Integrating Algae with Bioenergy Carbon Capture and Storage (ABECCS)
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